GIS 기법을 이용한 산림의 다목적 기능개발

정영관,손영모,이광수,강진택,정수영 ( Young Gwan Chung,Yeong Mo Son,Kwang Soo Lee,Jin Taek Kang,Su Young Jung ) 한국산림경제학회 1996 산림경제연구 Vol.4 No.2

Relationships between Soil-Site Properties and Bamboo (Phyllostachys bambusoides) Growth

정영관,Chung, Young Gwan,Ramm, Carl W. Korean Society of Forest Science 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.1

17개(個)의 토양인자(土壤因子)와 대나무의 직경(直徑), 간고(稈高) 그리고 절간(節間) 생장량(生長量)과의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하기 위하여 정준상관분석(正準相關分析)을 실시(實施)하였다. 첫번째 정준상관(正準相關)은 매우 유의적(有意的) 이었고, 변수(變數)의 2조합(組合)에서 분산(分散)은 크고, 그리고 정준변량(正準變量)은 생물학적(生物學的)으로 의의(意義)가 있었다. 따라서 표층토심(表層土深), 전질소(全窒素) 그리고 유기물함량(有機物含量)등은 첫번째 토양성질(土壤性質)의 정준변량(正準變量)과 매우높은 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타내었다. 그리고 점토함량(粘土含量)과 치환성용량(置煥性容量)은 부(負)의 상관(相關)으로 나타났다. 17개(個) 변수(變數) 가운데 8개(個) 변수(變數)만이 대나무의 생장(生長)을 예측(豫測)하는데 관계(關係)되는 것으로 사료(思料)된다. Canonical correlation analysis was used to relate 17 soil-site variables to bamboo diameter, height, and internodal characteristics. The first canonical correlation was highly significant, explained much of the variance in both sets of variables, and the canonical variates made sense biologically. Surface soil depth, total nitrogen and percent organic matter had high positive correlations with the first soil-site canonical variate. Clay content (%) and cation exchange capacity were negatively correlated with the first soil-site canonical variate. Only 8 of predictor variables were considered relevant for predicting bamboo growth.

토양의 화학적 성질과 임목생장과의 관계

정영관,홍병화,김종만 ( Young Gwan Chung,Byung Wha Hong,Jong Man Kim ) 한국산림과학회 1980 한국산림과학회지 Vol.46 No.1

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of physico-chemical properties of soil on the growth of Chamaecyparis obtusa and to apply the results to such rational forest management as yield forecast and selection of suitable species for a given forest stand. The soil properties observed in this experiment were soil pH, exchangeable pH organic matter, total nitrogen, available P₂O_5, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable H^+, total base and base saturation. Diameter at breast height (DBH), height and volume growth of C. obtusa were observed at 78 sampling sites. Data were processed into the following series for the analysis of multivariates : inner correlation matrix, multiple correlation coefficients, regression coefficients and partial correlation coefficients. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Multiple correlation coefficients between soil properties and DBH of C. obtusa were .364 for 20-year trees, resulting less efficient for estimating the growth of C. obtusa. However, total base, soil pH and base saturation were considerable characters for better estimation. 2. More efficient multiple correlation coefficients were observed between soil properties and height growth than those between soil properties and DBH, showing .443 for 20-year trees and factors affecting the height growth were similar to those of DBH. 3. Extremely low values of multiple correlation coefficients were estimated between physico-chemical properties of soil and volume growth of C. obtusa resulting low efficient estimation. However, total base contributed highly to volume growth of C. obtusa. Accordingly the most contributable factor for estimating the growth of C. obtusa were total base, soil pH and base saturation. Consequently, these results can be effective for selecting of the reforesting site, and less effective for estimating the growth of C. obtusa.

임목 (林木) ( 해송 ) (海松) 적지선정에 (適地選定) 관한 연구

정영관(Young Gwan Chung),박남창(Nam Chang Park),손영모(Yeong Mo Son) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the forest environmental factors(5 items) and physico-chemical properties of soil (13 items) on the growth of Pinus thunbergii stands. The 218 plots were sampled over the coastal district of the whole country. In statistical analysis, the explanatory variables were soil and environmental factors(18 items), and the response variable was the site index of Pinus thunbergii stands. Data computation was processed in order of preparation of original data, computation of inner correlation matrix table by correlation analysis, calculation of partial correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination, estimation of regression equation by stepwise regression analysis, and stepwise regression analysis by factor score of factor analysis. The main results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1 The site index in Pinus thunbergii stands way highly correlated with effective soil depth (r=0.8668), slope percentage, organic matter, and total nitrogen. 2 . According to the coefficients by partial correlation analysis, effective soil depth (r=0.6270), slope percentage (r=-0.5423) and base saturation (r=0.3278) among environmental factors had a great effect on tree growth . 3. With stepwise regression analysis, the factors effecting on the Pinus thunbergii stands growth were effective soil depth, slope percentage, organic matter, base saturation, soil pH, content of silt, exchangeable Ca, and etc. 4. Estimation equation for the site index of Pinus thunbergii stands was given by Y=13.2691+0.0242 X₂-i. 2244 X₄+0.6142 X_5-0.3472 X_(11)+0.0355 X_(13)+0.1552 X_(15)-0.1002 X_(17). The coefficient of determination for the estimation model was 0.77, which was significant at the 1 percent level. 5. In result of factor analysis by the environmental factors, principal components were 6 factors, and communality contribution percentage was 71.1 percent. 6. By stepwise regression analysis between factor score and site index of Pinus thunbergii stands, the factor group effecting on site index was 5 principal components. The coefficients of determination was 85 percent, which was significant at the 1 percent level. In conclusion, on the occasion of analizing which factors to effect on the tree height growth in Pinus thunbergii stands the stepwise regression analysis proved to be greatly significant. Also the management of Pinus thunbergii stands should be working by the above selected growth factors.

대나무 수개형질간의 상관관계에 관한 연구

정영관 ( Young Gwan Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1975 한국산림과학회지 Vol.26 No.1

This study was intended to clarify interrelations among seven characters of bamboo and their influences upon its culm-volume. The analysis of covariance was used to obtain phenotypic correlations, genotypic correlations and environmental correlations among some characters of Phyllostachys bambusoides Sieb. et Zucc., and thereby path-coefficients were calculated based on Dewey`s method. The characters considered here included the breast height diameter, culm-height, clear-length, subterranean stem, number of bamboo joints, butt-end diameter and culm-volume of bamboo. Average values, standard errors, variances and standard deviations for the characters mentioned above are shown in Table 1, and phenotypic correlations, genotypic correlations and environmental correlations among seven characters are shown in Table 2, according to the results, there are highly significant relationships among lines but not among some replications. According to Table 4, heritability values in the breast height and butt-end diameters are higher than those in other characters mentioned above. On the other hand, environmental correlations among general characters appear to have lower values than phenotypic and genotypic correlations do. It also appears that the butt-end diameter and breast height diameter are highly correlated with the culm-volume of bamboo. The path-coefficients of individual characters to the culm-volume of bamboo are computed from the correlations (Table 4) and presented in Figure 1 and Table 5, where it could shown the direct and indirect effects on the bamboo culm-volume of each character.

토양의 이화학적 특성과 대나무 생장과의 관계

정영관(Young Gwan Chung),Carl W . Ramm(Carl W . Ramm) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.1

Canonical correlation analysis was used to relate 17 soil-site variables to bamboo diameter, height, and internodal characteristics. The first canonical correlation was highly significant, explained much of the variance in both sets of variables, and the canonical variates made sense biologically. Surface soil depth, total nitrogen and percent organic matter had high positive correlations with the first soil-site canonical variate. Clay content (%) and cation exchange capacity were negatively correlated with the first soil-site canonical variate. Only 8 of predictor variables were considered relevant for predicting bamboo growth.

토양의 이학적 성질 및 환경인자가 편백나무 생장에 미치는 영향

정영관 ( Young Gwan Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1981 한국산림과학회지 Vol.51 No.1

낙엽송과 잣나무림의 (林) 수고성장곡선 (樹高成長曲線) 및 지위지수에 (地位指數) 관한 연구

조현서,정영관 ( Hyun Seo Cho,Young Gwan Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1985 한국산림과학회지 Vol.68 No.1

Height growth curve to be required for estimating site index was formulated with 10 models based on the average tree height and tree age. Among them, the model of H=Kab^A was evaluated to be best fit for estimating average tree height(H) with tree age (A). Equations, H = 28.364 - 26.125(0.818)^A and H = 26.331 - 25.125 (0.886)^A, were situated from the model for estimating average tree height of Larix leptolepis and Pinus koraiensis, respectively (in this case the tree age was categorized into 0 for 5 -year- old tree, 1 for 10 -year- old tree and 2 for 15 -year- old tree ect.). Result of comparing the site indices calculated by the Bryant method, it was proved that the site index of Larix leptolepis was estimated higher than that of Pinus koraiensis within the limits of site index class 6 to 18. On the contrary the site index of Pinus koraiensis turned out to surpass that of Larix leptolepis at the site index class 20 or over.

한국의 지류 (紙類) 수요예측에 관한 연구

정일용,정영관 ( Il Yong Chung,Young Gwan Chung ) 한국산림과학회 1984 한국산림과학회지 Vol.65 No.1

The purposes of this study are to analyze and forecast the domestic demand for papers by regression models with time-series data (1965-81). For the period of 1965-81, the real GNP of Korea grew at annual average increase rate of 8.8 percent. On the other hand, the domestic demand of papers grew at annual average increase rate of 17.9 percent in this period. Especially, the annual average increase rate for board-papers accounted to 25.8 percent. To analyze domestic demand for papers, GNP, per capita GNP, price findex of papers, production activity index of the major papers consuming industries and price index of substitutive goods were selected as independent variables. The expected values of domestic demand for papers were computed by forecasting equations as follows. T-values are in parentheses.

지위별(地位別) 왕죽(王竹) 및 맹종죽(孟宗竹)에 있어서 생장인자(生長因子)의 상관관계(相關關係)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究)

김장수,정영관,Kim, Chang Soo,Chung, Young Gwan 한국산림과학회 1968 한국산림과학회지 Vol.8 No.1

왕죽(王竹) 및 맹종죽(孟宗竹)을 지위(地位) 상등지(上等地), 중등지(中等地), 하등지(下等地)에 따라서 생장인자(生長因子) 즉(卽) 죽고(竹高), 지하고(枝下高), 죽관장(竹冠長), 흉고주위(胸高周圍), 근경부주위(根莖部周圍)를 각각(各各) 측정(測定)하여 제(第)8표(表)를 작정(作定)하였다. 본표(本表)에 의거(依據)하여 맹종죽(孟宗竹)에서는 어느 정도(程度)의 등차(等差)를 그리고 왕죽(王竹)에서는 하등지(下等地)의 생장인자(生長因子) 특(特)히 근소(僅少)한 구티(數値)를 나타내고 있다. 다음에 상관표(相關表)를 작성(作成)하여 이에 의거(依據)한 상관계수(相關係數)를 산출(算出)하였다. 이때에 사용(使用)한 공식(公式)은 ${\mu}=\frac{{\Sigma}xy}{\sqrt{{\Sigma}X^2y^2}}$ 또 She.ppard 식(式)으로 추정(推正)할때 적욕(適用)한 공식(公式)은 ${\mu}=\frac{{\Sigma}xy}{\sqrt{({\Sigma}X^2-\frac{m}{12})({\Sigma}y^2-\frac{n}{12})}}$ 평균오차(平均誤差)의 공식(公式)은 $e=0.6745\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{n}}$ 상관계수(相關係數)에 따라 신뢰도(信賴度)를 좌우(左右)하는데 ${\mu}$ >0.5일때에는 상관계수(相關係數)가 있고 ${\mu}$ <0.3일때에는 상관계수(相關係數)가 없다고 하여 맹종죽(孟宗竹)에 있어서 죽고(竹高)와 흉고주위(胸高周圍) 죽고(竹高)와 근경부주위(根莖部周圍)와의 상관계수(相關係數)는 높으며 죽고(竹高)와 지하고(枝下高)와의 상관율(相關率)은 0.49로서 약(弱)한 상관관계(相關關係)가 성립(成立)되고 있다. 또한 왕중(王竹)에 있어서는 죽고(竹高)와 흉고주위죽고(胸高周圍竹高)와 근경부주위(根莖部周圍) 그리고 죽고(竹高)와 지하고(枝下高)의 상관계수(相關係數)가 0.45, 0.46, 0.48로서 높은 유의성(有意性)은 아니나 상관관계(相關關係)는 성립(成立)된다고 하겠다. 일반적(一般的)으로 지위조정(地位組定)에 있어서는 Daher 씨(氏)의 수고생장(樹高生長)을 이용(利用)하고 있으나 상술(上述)된 상관관계(相關關係)를 통(通)하여 생장인자(生長因子)인 죽고(竹高) 흉고주위(胸高周圍) 근경부주위(根莖部周圍) 및 지하고중(枝下高中) 어느 한가지만을 특정(測定)하여도 지위(地位)를 결정(決定)할수 있다는 것이 본연구(本硏究)를 통(通)하여 입증(立證)되고 있다. 1. A Study was to delineate the correlation relationship growth factors, a) height and clear-length, b) height and circle of breast height, c) height and circle of ground height, d) height and crown length, of phyllostachys reticulata kock and phyllostachys edulis riv, 2. The formula applied to arrive at correlation coefficient according to correlation table, was $e=\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{\Sigma}X^2y^2}$ the formula for average error was $e=0.6745\frac{1-{\mu}^2}{\sqrt{n}}$ 3. The correlation coefficient and average error by each species were as three tables. 4. Area of the sample plot were 0.5~1 acres. 5. Height, clear-length, circle of breast height, circle of ground height and crown-length of bamboos were measured by weise hypsometer and pole.