게껍질에서 추출한 chitosan 필름의 이용에 관한 연구 1. 도포재로써의 chitosan 물성에 영향을 미치는 인자

손병일(Byung Yil Son),박성민(Seong Min Park),김형섭(Hyoung Seub Kim),이근태(Keun Tai Lee) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

Chitin was isolated from red snow crab (Chinonecetes japonicus) and deacetylated by boiling alkaline solution to produce chitosan. The physical properties of chitosan solution and its film properties was examined. As the molecular weights of chitosan was increased from 297Kpa to 319Kpa, the tensile strength, degree of elongation and water permeability of chitosan film were increased. As the degree of deacetylation of chitosan was increased, the tensile strength, the degree of elongation and water permeability of chitosan film were increased. As the concentration of chitosan solution was increased, the degree of elongation and water permeability of film were increased, whereas the tensile strength of film was decreased. As the pH of chitosan solution was increased, the tensile strength and water permeability of film were decreased, whereas the degree of elongation of film was increased.

어체두부열수추출물에 관한 연구 1. 추출물의 화학조성 및 물리적 특성

최상현,박성민,손병일,최현미,이근태,CHOI Sang-Hyeon,PARK Seong-Min,SON Byung-Yil,CHOI Hyeon-Mee,LEE Keun-Tai 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Fish heads of the main by-product is fishery processing were treated to extract nutrients by heating the fish heads with 1.5 or 3.0 times added water during 9, 12 or 15 hours. The yield, chemical compositions and physical properties of the hydrothermal extracts were studied. The yield was increased with the amount of water added and the extracting hours. The extract contained about $80\%$ protein in solid basis, but has no lipid. In essential amino acid, glutamic acid was most abundant and Iysine was abundant. In free amino acid, $\delta$-hydroxylysine and L-histidine in Cypyrinus carpio linnaeus had 5 times more than those in Onchorhynchus keta, The solution of the extracts was known as Newtonian fluid and the color of the extracts showed lower whiteness, higher redness and higher yellowness. 가공 후 폐기되는 수산가공부산물의 이용성을 높이고, 식품첨가물로서의 식품 산업 적용에 대한 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 잉어 및 연어의 두부를 이용하여 열수추출물을 제조하고 이들의 일반적인 성상을 검토한 결과 제조된 열수추출물은 모두 지질은 검출되지 않았으며, 단백질 함량이 약 $80\%$ 정도로 아주 높게 나타났다. 열수추출조건에 따른 일반성분은 아무런 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며, 수율에 있어서 열수추출물은 가수량이 많고 가열시간이 증가할수록 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 잉어 및 연어 두부 열수추출물 모두 가열시간이 증가할수록 가수분해도가 증가한 반면 가수량은 작을수록 가수분해도가 높게 나타났다. 구성아미노산 조성을 살펴본 결과, 전체 아미노산 중에서 Glu가 가장 많은 부분을 차지하였으며 필수아미노산의 경우는 식물성 단백질에 부족하기 쉬운 Lys의 함량이 높게 나타났다. 유리아미노산은 $\delta$-Hydroxylysine의 함량이 가장 높았으며, L-Glutamic acid와 L-Histidine은 잉어 두부 열수추출물이 연어보다 5배정도 높은 함량을 보여주었다. 열수추출물의 유동곡선을 살펴본 결과, 열수추출물 용액은 전형적인 Newtonian 유체임을 알 수 있었다. 표준 백색판을 기준으로 하여 측정한 열수추출물의 색도는 전체적으로 백색도는 낮고 적색도와 황색도는 높게 나타났다.

어체두부열수추출물에 관한 연구 2. 추출물의 기능특성

최상현,박성민,손병일,최현미,이근태,CHOI Sang-Hyeon,PARK Seong-Min,SON Byung-Yil,CHOI Hyeon-Mec,LEE Keun-Tai 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

가공 후 폐기되는 수산가공부산물의 이용성을 높이고, 식품첨가물로서의 식품 산업 적용에 대한 가능성을 조사하기 위하여 잉어 및 연어의 두부를 이용하여 열수추출물을 제조하고 이들의 기능특성을 검토하였다. 제조된 열수추출물은 모두 천연항산화제인 $\alpha$-tocopherol보다는 항산화능이 떨어졌으나 어느 정도의 항산화능이있는 것으로 나타났으며, 특히 $\alpha$-tocopherol의 항산화작용에 대한 상승효과를 보였다. 또한 열수추출물의 농도가 $1\%$일 때보다는 $5\%$일 때 그 효과가 더 큼을 확인할 수 있었다. 동결 변성 방지효과에 있어서는 열수추출물들의 제조조건에 따라 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았으며, sucrose보다는 떨어졌으나 동결 변성 방지효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 열수추출물 대부분이 pH에 관계없이 $70\%$이상의 높은 용해도를 보였으며, pH 3.0에서의 용해도가 가장 낮았다. 잉어 및 연어 두부 열수추출물의 유화 활성은 sugar ester의 유화 활성 (EAI=34.72)에는 미치지 못하나 난백 (EAI=14.69)과는 비슷하거나 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었다. Sugar ester와 난백 의거품성 및 거품안정성과는 비교가 되지 않았으나, 열수추출물도 상당한 거품 특성을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 잉어 및 연어두부 열수추출물의 osmolality는 23$\~$31 mOsmole로 동일 농도의 NaCl(317mOsmo1e) 보다는 상당히 낮게 나타났다. The hydrothermal extracts were produced from fish head and their functional properties were investigated. The extracts exhibited an antioxidative effect and synergistic effect with $\alpha$-tocopherol by measuring peroxide values. The $5\%$ solution showed more antioxidative effect than $1\%$ solution. The extracts showed cryopropective effect, but the effect was less than sucrose. The solubility of the extracts was over $70\%$ in the all range of pH, and its lowest solubility was shown in pH 3.0. The extracts exhibited an emulsifying activity less than sugar ester (EAI=34.72) and little higher than or similiar to egg white (EAI= 14.69). The extracts showed a relatively high foam activity. The osmolality of the hydrothermal extracts at $1.0\%$ concentration were 23$\~$31 mOsmole which were much lower than 317 mOsmole at $1\%$ NaCl.

우렁쉥이 껍질성분 및 색소를 이용한 양식소재 개발 - 3. 우렁쉥이 껍질 유래 황산다당의 기능적 특성

홍병일 ( Byeong Il Hong ),정병천 ( Byung Chun Jung ),손병일 ( Byung Yil Son ),정우진 ( Woo Jin Jung ),육지희 ( Ji Hee Ruck ),최병대 ( Byeong Dae Choi ),이강호 ( Kang Ho Lee ) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.6

우렁쉥이 껍질에서 추출한 autoclave 추출구와 neutrase 추출구는 지방흡수력의 경우 대조시료인 chitin과 chitosan에 비해 떨어지는 대략 200~300% 정도이었으나, 포말성은 각각 0.70과 0.67로, 포말안정성은 0.50과 0.38로 우수하였다. Autoclave 추출구 및 neurase 추출구의 유화능은 각각 49.2%와 47.1%, 유화안정성의 경우 각각 48.3%와 44.8% 정도였으며, 특히 색소흡착능은 각각 85.2%와 85.6%로 대조시료에 비해 다소 우수하였다. 항혈액응고능은 모든 시료에서 APTT 저지효과는 나타났으나 PT값은 약 14.5초로 일정하여 혈액응고저지 효과가 거의 없었다. 특히 autoclave 처리구를 DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography하여 얻은 F_4 (획분 4) 는 APTT가 75초로 가장 효과적이었으며, Sephadex G-100의 F_2가 70초 정도였다. ACE저해능은 모든 시료에서 ACE 저해효과가 있었으며, 채택된 실험방법에 따라 동일시료 경우에 있어서도 저해효과 값이 차이가 났으며, 특히 DEAE-cellulose 이온교환 처리한 F_4 (획분 4)가 35.75로 가장 효과적이었다. The present study was conducted to elucidate functional properties of sulfated polysaccharides from ascidian tunics. In physical properties of the crude polysaccharides, emulsion ability and foaminess were more excellent compared with chitin and chitosan, particular dye binding capacity was prominent. Anti-blood coagulation of partially purified sulfated polysaccharides showed with respect to APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time). Especially, active fraction (F_4) obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography showed highest activity, which was approximately 20% of the activity of heparin. ACE inhibitory activity also similar to anticoagulant activity. Active fraction (F_4) obtained by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography showed about 34%, in ACE inhibitory activity.

통초, 필발을 포함한 7종 한약재 추출물의 항산화 및 항염증 활성

진경숙 ( Kyong Suk Jin ),오유나 ( You Na Oh ),이지영 ( Ji Young Lee ),손병일 ( Byung Yil Son ),최우봉 ( Woo Bong Choi ),이은우 ( Eun Woo Lee ),권현주 ( Hyun Ju Kwon ),김병우 ( Byung Woo Kim ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2013 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.41 No.2

In this study, we analyzed the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities of seven medicinal herbs. All extracts of the tested herbs, Euryale ferox Salisbury, Echinops setifer Iljin, Amomum cardamomum Linne, Tetrapanax papyriferus, Illicium verum Hook. f., Typha orientalis Presl, and Piper longum Linne, exhibited potent anti-oxidative activity as confirmed by DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced nitric oxide (NO) production, in the RAW 264.7 cell line, was also ameliorated by all extracts` treatments in a dose dependent manner. NO suppressive activity originated from the inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression by the extracts. Three extracts, E. ferox S., I. verum Hook. f., and P. longum L., possessed suppressive activity against, not only iNOS, but also cycloxygenase 2 (COX-2) protein expression. These three extracts may then serve as potential candidates for non steroidal analgesic inflammation drugs (NSAIDs). Furthermore, all extracts induced anti-oxidative enzyme, heme oxygenase 1, protein expression. Taken together, these results provide an important new insight into the fact that various medicinal herbs possess potent anti-oxidative and anti inflammatory activities and might be utilized as promising agents in the field of health products. Further studies for the identification of the active compounds from medicinal herbs are clearly needed.

게껍질에서 추출한 chitosan 필름의 이용에 관한 연구 2. Chitosan 코팅처리한 토마토의 품질변화

이근태(Keun Tai Lee),박성민(Seong Min Park),손병일(Byung Yil Son),김형섭(Hyoung Seub Kim) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Coating with chitosan(2%, pH:5.0) had a beneficial such as less weight loss, flesh firmness and maintenance of sugar content of tomatoes stored at the normal temperature. The weight loss of chitosan-coated tomatoes was 4.8% during the storage period(18days) while that of control was 10.2%. When it was stored for 18 days, the tomatoes coated with chitosan showed higher in firmness (1.63㎏) and pectin content (0.58g%) than the control (1.03㎏, 0.44g%). For the total soluble acid and pH, the tomatoes coated with chitosan were higher in oxalic acid (0.17g%) than the control (0.15g%) and the latter were higher in the pH then the former, when they were stored for 18 days.

Mucor Rouxii 가 생산한 Chitin deacetylase 의 특성

손흥식(Heung Sik Sohn),박성민(Seong Min Park),손병일(Byung Yil Son),최현미(Hyeon Mee Choi),이근태(Keun Tai Lee) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.2

In order to degrade chitin by enzymatic hydrolysis, it is required from screening highly active deacetylase. To this end, we examined three fungal strains and it turned out that Mucor rouxii produced highly active deacetylase, this enzyme exhibited the highest enzymatic activity against colloidal chitin. The conditions for growing Mucor rouxii are as follows ; the effective carbon source, nitrogen source, adequate initial pH, temperature and incubation time were 2% glucose, 1.33% yeast extract, 0.66% pepton, 4.5, 25±2℃ and 48 hr, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for purified enzyme activity were 5.5 and 40%, respectively. The purified enzyme was stable at pH ranging from 4.5 to 5.5. However, the enzyme activity was decreased to less than 50% at pH below 4.5 and above 7.5. At temperatures above 50%, the enzyme activity was decreased remarkably. The enzyme was inhibited by LiCl, HgCl₂, and BaCl₂ but stimulated by CaCl₂ and ZnCl₂. The activity of purified enzyme was increased by 2-cysteine and mercaptoethanol, while decreased by o-phenanthrotine, p-CMB, EDTA, and iodoacetate. The K_m and the V_(max) value of purified enzyme were 1.2% and 59.5 U/㎎, respectively. The deacetylation activity of purified enzyme was not detected at optimal reaction condition when chitin particle suspension was used.

패류 건제품의 저장 중 지방산 조성의 변화

조호성(Ho Sung Cho),이강호(Kang Ho Lee),손병일(Byung Yil Son),조영제(Toung Je Cho),이종호(Jong Ho Lee),임상선(Sang Sun Lim) 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.4

N/A

Chitosan 과 Alginic Acid 를 이용한 캡슐형 비료 및 제초제의 투과특성

이근태(Keun Tai Lee),김상무(Sang Moo Kim),박성민(Seong Min Park),손병일(Byung Yil Son),김형섭(Hyoung Seub Kim),이상호(Sang Ho Lee) 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.2

Effects of the concentration of NaCl, the concentration and the molecular weight of chitosan on the permeability of capsule type fertilizer and herbicide were investigated, The encapsulating process was based on the electrostatic interaction between chitosan (a polycationic polymer) and sodium alginate (an anionic polysaccharide). Sodium alginate solution (1%) was dropped into chitosan solution (1%) in which various amounts of NaCl was added. The capsule strength was increased with the addition of NaCl and the maximum value of capsule strength was observed at 0.3M NaCl. Capsule type fertilizer and herbicide were immersed in deionized water to determine its permeability, and it was affected by the concentration of NaCl and chitosan, and the molecular weight of chitosan. As the concentration of NaCl in chitosan solution increased, permeability of the capsule increased and marked the maximum value of 88% (fertilizer), 87% (herbicide) at 0.75M NaCl. As concentration of chitosan solution increased, permeability tended to decreased; it showed the maximum value of 90% (fertilizer) and 90.3% (herbicide) at 0.25% chitosan and the minimum value of 83% (fertilizer) and 82% (herbicide) at 1% chitosan. Permeability of fertilizer and herbicide also decreased, as the molecular weight of chitosan (material of capsule) was decreased; it was showed 86% (fertilizer) and 83% (herbicide) at M.W 330,000 (sonication time 0min) and 52 (fertilizer) and 51% (herbicide) at M.W 119,000 (sonication time 180 min). The chitosan-alginic acid capsule was manufactured (defined as prepared capsule), dried for 6 hrs and immersed in deionized water (defined as restored capsule) to examine restoration of capsule. Restoration of capsule was good, and capsule strength was slightly decreased form 20 g/㎠ (prepared capsule) to 17 g/㎠ (restored capsule).

U937 인체혈구암세포에서 diallyl trisulfide에 의한 mitotic arrest와 apoptosis 유발

박현수(Hyun Soo Park),이준혁(Jun Hyuk Lee),손병일(Byoung Yil Son),최병태(Byung Tae Choi),최영현(Yung Hyun Choi) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.5

본 연구에서는 마늘에서 유래된 생리활성 물질인 diallyl trisulfide (DATS) 처리에 따른 U937 인체혈구암세포의 증식억제가 apoptosis 및 cell cycle arrest 유발과 관련이 있는지 조사하였다. U937 세포증식은 DATS에 의해 농도 및 시간 의존적으로 감소함을 확인 하였고, 이는 apoptosis에 의한 직접적인 세포죽음과 CDK1 및 cyclin B1의 발현 증가 및 histone H3의 인산화와 연관된 mitotic arrest와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 DATS 처리 초기에 reactive oxygen species (ROS)의 생성이 매우 증가되었으나, ROS scavenger (N-acetyl-l-cysteine)에 의한 인위적 ROS 생성의 억제는 DATS에 의한 apoptosis 및 mitotic arrest를 완벽하게 차단시켰다. 이는 U937 세포에서 DATS에 의해 유도된 apoptosis 및 mitotic arrest가 ROS에 의해 매개된다는 것을 의미하며, 본 연구의 결과는 DATS가 인체혈구암세포에서 세포증식억제와 관련된 항암기전을 이해할 수 있는 기초자료로서 매우 유용하게 사용될 것이라 생각된다. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), one of the major organosulfur components of garlic (Allium sativum), has various biological effects such as anti-microbial and anti-cancer activities. However, the molecular mechanisms of growth inhibition related to cell cycle arrest are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DATS on cell cycle progression in U937 human leukemia cells. Treatment with DATS in U937 cells resulted in inhibition of cell viability through G2/M arrest and apoptosis. DATS-induced G2/M arrest was associated with up-regulation of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). DATS also significantly increased levels of phospho-histone H3, which is a mitosis-specific marker, indicating that DATS induced mitotic arrest but not G2 arrest in U937 cells. DATS treatment also generated the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in U937 cells; however, pretreatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, significantly attenuated DATS-induced mitotic arrest and apoptosis. Taken together, our data indicate that DATS exhibits anti-cancer effects through mitotic arrest and apoptosis in a ROS-dependent manner.