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손동준 ( Son Dong Jun ) 한국상품문화디자인학회(구 한국패키지디자인학회) 2021 상품문화디자인학연구 Vol.64 No.-
최근 캘리그라피의 다양한 조형법이 영화포스터, 패키지 디자인, 책표지, 간판, 광고 등의 그래픽 디자인 분야에서 다각적으로 활용되고 있다. 이는 캘리그라피가 대중과의 감성적 커뮤니케이션을 이끌어 내는데 큰 역할을 담당하며, 이성보다 감성을 선호하는 시대적 흐름의 영향이 크다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 현재의 캘리그라피는 양적 팽창은 가져왔지만 캘리그라피의 개념과 역사는 물론 조형성에 대한 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 캘리그라피의 예술적 인식의 범위를 확장하기 위해 캘리그라피의 조형 특징에 대하여 고찰하였다. 캘리그라피의 조형은 필선의 자유로운 우연성, 과감한 운동 형태, 명암의 콘트라스트에서 오는 분명함은 시각적으로 강한 소구력(訴求力)을 지닌다. 이러한 조형 특징은 서양적 조형 형태나 감각과는 구별되는 강한 오리엔탈 이미지(Oriental Image)의 차별성을 부여해 줌으로써 시각적으로 강한 주의력을 끌게 하고 있다. 또한 과거 지향적 기억심리에서 오는 구태의연성이 아니라 현대적 개념의 감성적 표현으로써의 전환에서 오는 새로운 디자인의 이미지를 전달한다. 이렇듯 캘리그라피 조형의 무궁한 형상성은 오늘날 다원화를 요구하는 다자인의 조형 의도를 다각적으로 표현하고 있다. 특히 동양 특유의 창조적 이미지를 한국적으로 발현할 수 있는 고도의 조형성을 지니고 있다. 결론적으로 캘리그라피 조형성의 현대화는 세계 디자인의 표현 조류를 따르는데서 생기는 것이 아니라 한국적 전통과 정신에 뿌리를 두고 거기에서 체득된 한국적 이미지를 오늘날의 새로운 조형 형식으로 창출함으로서 구현될 수 있을 것이다. The various formative methods of calligraphy today are being used widely in many areas of graphic design, including movie posters, package designs, book covers, signboards, and advertisements. This plays an important role in facilitating emotional communication with the public and is mainly due to the modern trend in which emotion is deemed more important than reason. However, despite the quantitative growth of calligraphy today, the studies on its formative characteristics, let alone the concepts and history of calligraphy, still have a long way to go. For this reason, the researcher of this study reviewed the formative characteristics of calligraphy in order to expand the scope of artistic awareness of calligraphy. The formative element of calligraphy has a powerful appeal due to the unrestrained randomness of the strokes, audacious forms of movements, and clarity that originated from the contrast of brightness. Such formative characteristics endow differentiated, powerful oriental images that are different from the forms or senses of the West, drawing the attention of the views with a significant effect. It is not about the obsoletism that comes from the past-oriented psychology of memories. Rather, it is more focused on the modernized expression of emotions, which is a shift that delivers the images of novel designs. As such, the endless forms of calligraphy express the formative intention of the diversified modern designs from different angles. Especially, calligraphy has highly sophisticated forms that can express the unique Asian creative images in a Korean style. In conclusion, the modernization of the forms of calligraphy today does not come from following the trends of expressions of the designs of the world. Rather, it can be realized by building on the traditions and ideas of Korea and expressing the Korean images that originate from them in the formative approaches of today.
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내시경 정맥류 결찰술 실패의 위험인자 및 내시경적 구제 치료
김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),조은애 ( Eunae Cho ),전충환 ( Chung Hwan Jun ),손동준 ( Dong Jun Son ),이면재 ( Myeon Jae Lee ),박창환 ( Chang Hwan Park ),조성범 ( Sung Bum Cho ),박선영 ( Seon-young Park ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),최성규 대한소화기학회 2018 대한소화기학회지 Vol.72 No.4
Background/Aims: The success rate of endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) is about 85-94%. There is only a few studies attempting to determine the cause of EVL failure, and to date, on-site rescue treatments remains unestablished. This study aimed to elucidate the risk factors for EVL failure and the effectiveness of on-site rescue treatment. Methods: Data of 454 patients who underwent emergency EVL at Chonnam National University Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Enrolled patients were divided into two groups: the EVL success and EVL failure groups. EVL failures were defined as inability to ligate the varices due to poor endoscopic visual field, or failure of hemostasis after band ligation for the culprit lesion. Results: Forty-seven patients experienced EVL failure. In the multivariate analysis, male patients, initial hypovolemic shock, active bleeding on endoscopy, and history of previous EVL were independent risk factors for EVL failure. During endoscopic procedure, we came across the common causes of EVL failure, including unsuctioned varix due to previous EVL-induced scars followed by insufficient ligation of the stigmata and inability to ligate the varix due to poor endoscopic visual field. Endoscopic variceal obturation using N-butyl- 2-cyanoacrylate (48.9%) was the most commonly used on-site rescue treatment method, followed by insertion of Sangstaken Blakemore tube (14.9%), and EVL retrial (12.8%). The rescue treatments successfully achieved hemostasis in 91.7% of those in the EVL failure group. Conclusions: The risk factors of EVL failure should be considered before performing EVL, and in case of such scenario, on-site rescue treatment is needed. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2018;72:188-196)
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위장관 ; 위장관기질종양과 구별되는 위 신경초종의 초음파 내시경 특징
박형철 ( Hyung Chul Park ),손동준 ( Dong Jun Son ),오형훈 ( Hyung Hoon Oh ),옥찬영 ( Chan Young Oak ),김미영 ( Mi Young Kim ),정조윤 ( Cho Yun Chung ),명대성 ( Dae Seong Myung,),김종선 ( Jong Sun Kim ),조성범 ( Sung Bum Cho ),이 대한소화기학회 2015 대한소화기학회지 Vol.65 No.1
Background/Aims: Gastric schwannoma (GS), a rare neurogenic mesenchymal tumor, is usually benign, slow-growing, and asymptomatic. However, GS is often misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) on endoscopic and radiological examinations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate EUS characteristics of GS distinguished from GIST. Methods: A total of 119 gastric subepithelial lesions, including 31 GSs and 88 GISTs, who were histologically identified and underwent EUS, were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the EUS characteristics, including location, size, gross morphology, mucosal lesion, layer of origin, border, echogenic pattern, marginal halo, and presence of an internal echoic lesion by retrospective review of the medical records. Results: GS patients comprised nine males and 22 females, indicating female predominance. In the gross morphology according to Yamada`s classification, type I was predominant in GS and type III was predominant in GIST. In location, GSs were predominantly located in the gastric body and GISTs were predominantly located in the cardia or fundus. The frequency of 4th layer origin and isoechogenicity as compared to the echogenicity of proper muscle layer was significantly more common in GS than GIST. Although not statistically significant, marginal halo was more frequent in GS than GIST. The presence of an internal echoic lesion was significantly more common in GIST than GS. Conclusions: The EUS characteristics, including tumor location, gross morphology, layer of origin, echogenicity in comparison with the normal muscle layer, and presence of an internal echoic lesion may be useful in distinguishing between GS and GIST.
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