국가재건최고회의 시기 박정희 정권의 사회단체 규제와 정치적 입지 확보 모색 : 한국아세아반공연맹 강화를 중심으로

서상현(Suh, SangHyun) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2022 역사문화연구 Vol.81 No.-

본 연구는 국가재건최고회의 시기 박정희 군부가 정치적 입지 확보를 시도해 가는 과정을 검토했다. 국가재건최고회의가 남긴 기록물과 당시 신문 기사 등을 토대로 박정희 군부가 정치적 입지 확보를 모색하였던 것을 검토했다. 박정희 군부 내 개별 인물이 아닌 국가재건최고회의의 활동을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 구체적인 내용은 다음과 같다. 군부는 국가재건최고회의 활동의 유리한 여론을 조성하기 위해 기존의 정당·사회단체를 해체시켰다. 국가재건최고회의는 5월 23일 포고령을 통해 기존의 정당·사회단체를 해체했다. 이후 6월에 새로운 사회단체 등록 관련 법률을 만들어 사회단체를 통제하고 정치적인 입장을 내세우지 못하게 조치했다. 국가재건최고회의는 장면 정권 시기의 사회단체 등록제를 폐지했다. 국가재건최고회의는 사회단체 등록에 있어 허가제를 사용하였는데 이는 이승만 정권 시기에 사용하였던 군정법령 제55호와 유사했다. 군부는 과거의 사회단체 난립과 부패일소를 이유로 내세웠지만 강력한 여론 통제와 사회단체들의 정치적인 행동과 발언을 막기 위한 의도가 더 강했다. 군부는 민정이양 이전까지 기존의 정치적 영향력이 강하였던 정당·정치인·사회단체들의 활동을 규제하면서 자신들의 정치적 입지를 확대해 갈 수 있는 시간적 여유를 얻고자 했다. 군부는 정치적 입지 확보를 위한 시도로 한국아세아반공연맹을 강화하고자 했다. 한국아세아반공연맹 강화의 일환으로 이사진을 개편하면서 구 정계 인사들을 참여시켰다. 군부는 이사진 개편 등을 통해 구 정계 정치 인사들을 반공 활동 내에서 포섭하고자 했다. 국가재건최고회의의 반공 활동을 강조하고자 하였으며 인지도가 있는 정치 인사도 국가재건최고회의 사업에 지지를 보내고 있다는 것을 동시에 보여주고자 했다. 이는 국가재건최고회의가 구 정계 인사들을 사회악으로 규정했던 것과 상반되는 모습이었다. 군부는 국가재건최고회의 기간 동안 한국아세아반공연맹을 통해 반공 공보 활동을 강조했다. 1962년 자유센터 유치를 대대적으로 선전하고 구 정계 인사들을 주비위원회 등에 임명하면서 반공 활동 강조와 정치 인사 포섭을 시도했다. 1963년 대선 당시 붉어진 사상논쟁에서도 군부는 반공을 강화하는 목적으로 한국아세아반공연맹을 한국반공연맹으로 개칭했다. 박정희 정권은 민간단체인 한국반공연맹이 합법적으로 국가의 재정적 지원을 받을 수 있는 법적 근거를 마련하고자 『한국반공연맹법』을 제정했다. 『한국반공연맹법』은 국가가 민간단체를 법적으로 관변단체화 시킨 최초의 사례였다. 법적근거를 통해 한국반공연맹은 1970년대까지 박정희 정권의 여러 반공 활동을 대행하고 정치적인 입장을 대변하는 활동을 하게 된다. This study reviewed the process of Park Chung-hee s military regime attempt to secure a political position during the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction. Based on the records left by the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction and newspaper articles at the time, it was reviewed that the Park Chung-hee military sought to secure a political position. The study focused on the activities of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, not individual figures in the Park Chung-hee military regime. The details are as follows. The military regime dismantled existing political parties and social organizations to create favorable public opinion on the activities of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction. The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction disbanded existing political parties and social organizations through a decree on May 23. After that, in June, a new social organization registration law was created to control social organizations and prevent political positions from being put forward. The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction abolished the registration system for social organizations during the Jang Myun government. The Supreme Council for National Reconstruction used the permit system in the registration of social organizations, which was similar to the Military regime Decree No. 55 used during the Lee Syngman governmet. The military regime put forward the reasons for the turmoil of social groups and the elimination of corruption in the past, but the intention to control public opinion and prevent political actions and remarks by social groups was stronger. The military regime sought to gain time to expand their political position by regulating the activities of political parties, politicians, and social organizations that had strong political influence before the transfer of civil affairs. The military regime tried to strengthen the Korea Asian People’s Anti-Communist Federation in an attempt to secure a political position. As part of the strengthening of the Korea Asian People’s Anti-Communist Federation, the board of directors was reorganized and political figures were involved. The military regime tried to include political figures from the former political circles within anti-communist activities through reorganization of the board of directors. It was intended to emphasize the anti-communist activities of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, and to simultaneously show that recognized political figures are also supporting the projects of the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction. This was contrary to the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction s defining former political figures as social evils. During the Supreme Council for National Reconstruction, the military regime emphasized anti-communist activities through the Korea Asian People’s Anti-Communist Federation. In 1962, he promoted the attraction of the Freedom Center and appointed former political figures to the main committee, emphasizing anti-communist activities and attempting to embrace political figures. Even in the ideological debate that turned red during the 1963 presidential election, the military regime renamed the Korea Asian People’s Anti-Communist Federation to the Korean Anti-Communist Federation with the aim of strengthening anti-Communist. The Park Chung-hee regime enacted the Korea Anti-Communist Federation Act to provide a legal basis for the private organization, the Korea Anti-Communist Federation, to legally receive financial support from the state. The Korea Anti-Communist Federation Act』 was the first case in which the state legally organized private organizations. Through legal grounds, the Korea Anti-Communist Federation acted on behalf of various anti-Communist activities of the Park Chung-hee administration until the 1970s and represented a political position.

1966년 박정희 정권의 반공 공보 성과 추진 시도와 좌절 - 세계반공연맹 창설을 중심으로

서상현 ( Suh Sanghyun ) 호남사학회 2023 역사학연구 Vol.90 No.-

This paper reviewed the process by which the Park Chung-hee regime attempted to establish the World Anti-Communist League at the 12th meeting of the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League held in Seoul in 1966. The reasons and processes for the Park Chung-hee regime's attempt to create the World Anti-Communist League, which was not planned until 1965, were first examined, and then the reasons for the Park Chung-hee regime's failure and subsequent responses at the 12th meeting in 1966. Since the Ministry of Culture and Public Information, which was in charge of the Korean Anti-Communist League at the time, was in charge of the creation process, we looked at the records related to the Ministry of Culture and Public Information, newspaper articles at the time, and data generated by the Korean Anti-Communist League. The details are as follows. Ahead of political issues such as the presidential election in the 1960s, the Park Chung-hee regime used the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League to create and promote anti-communist press results. In 1962, the establishment of the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League was attracted ahead of the transfer of civil affairs, and in 1966, the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League was developed and disbanded, and the World Anti-Communist League was attempted. Through such anti-communist public relations activities, the Park Chung-hee regime wanted to show that the Korean Anti-Communist League and the Park Chung-hee regime are leading anti-communist activities at home and abroad. The attempt to create the World Anti-Communist League through the 12th meeting in 1966 was not achieved as envisioned by the Park Chung-hee regime. Originally, the 12th meeting was not in the Park Chung-hee administration's national plan until 1965, but was canceled due to the circumstances of Thailand, the existing host country, and was held in Seoul. The Ministry of Culture and Public Information prepared for the conference by applying for an additional correction budget in 1966. The meeting was held grandly by inviting many anti-communists from home and abroad, and the chairman of the Korea Anti-Communist League was also replaced to succeed in creating the World Anti-Communist League. The Park Chung-hee administration included the creation of the World Anti-Communist League after the developmental dissolution of the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League in the agenda of the 12th meeting. However, due to the interests of each country and the fundamental problems of the operation of the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League, the Park Chung-hee administration's plan was not accepted. In addition, at the request of Taiwan, the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League was not disbanded, coexisted with the World Anti-Communist League, and discussions on its creation were also decided to be discussed at the executive committee on May 8, after Korea's presidential election in 1967. The inaugural meeting of the World Anti-Communist League was held in Taiwan in September 1967. In order to secure anti-communist press results, Korea had to settle for hosting a permanent secretariat in Seoul on the condition that it would provide operating expenses for three years until 1970. The Park Chung-hee administration's attempt to establish the World Anti-Communist League was expected to fail. The problem of member states' status within each country, which the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League has not solved since its establishment in 1954, eventually led to financial problems and an imbalance of participation among member states. At the 12th meeting, the Park Chung-hee administration selected a solution as an agenda, but failed to solve it due to opposition from member countries. The poor participation of member countries other than Korea and Taiwan, which participate on the scale of national organizations, continued at the World Anti-Communist League, and existing problems have not been improved. This problem was also the reason why the Asian Peoples Anti-Communist League and the World Anti-Communist League could not grow into a pan-international organization with international influence. Limitations of foreign anti-communist press performance, such as the failure to establish the World Anti-Communist League in 1966, have served as a factor that has led the Park Chung-hee regime to focus more on domestic anti-communist press activities since the 1970s.

해양GIS 데이터 표준 개발 방안에 관한 연구

박종민(Jongmin Park),서상현(Sanghyun Suh) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2001 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.4 No.4

S-100 기반 수로데이터 제작방안 연구

오세웅(Sewoong Oh),박종민(Jonmin Park),서기열(Kiyeol Seo),서상현(Sanghyun Suh),이기철(Kichul Lee) 한국항해항만학회 2007 한국항해항만학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2 No.추계

국제수로기구인 IHO는 수로국 간 수로데이터를 교환하거나 항해장비 생산자, 항해자, 기타 사용자에게 수로데이터를 공급하기 위해 수로데이터 교환표준인 S-57 표준을 개발하였다. IHO는 S-57 표준을 수로분야 범용 표준으로 만들었으나 ECDIS의 베이스맵으로 사용되는 전자해도 제작에만 한정되어 사용되어 왔다. 이를 개선하고자 IHO는 육상GIS의 ISO/TC 211의 1900 시리즈 표준을 적극 수용하여 S-100 표준을 개발 중에 있다. S-100 표준은 항해장비 및 해양정보시스템 등 크게 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 바, 본 연구에서는 S-100 수로데이터 개발방법을 정리하고 이를 적용한 수로데이터 제작방안을 제시한다. IHO S-57 is the standard intended to be used for the exchange of digital hydrographic data between hydrographic offices, and for the distribution of hydrographic data to manufacturers, mariners and other data users. But it was primarily developed to meet the ENC requirement called for in an IMO-compliant ECDlS. As presently structured, it cannot support future requirements such as gridded bathymetry or time-varying information To improve this limitations, IHO is developing new digital hydrographic standard, S-100. In this paper, we analyze the S-100 standards and propose the method for development of digital hydrographic data according to S-100.