일측성 잠복고환에서 반대측 개방성 초상돌기의 빈도: 수술 전 초음파검사와 수술 중 경서혜부 복강경검사의 결과비교

사공혁,박진성,김은탁,김대경,우승효 대한비뇨의학회 2009 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.50 No.9

Purpose: The presence of a contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) is a risk factor for a metachronous hernia and may alter the surgical approach in unilateral cryptorchidism. We prospectively investigated the prevalence of a CPPV and compared the results between ultrasound (US) and transinguinal laparoscopy (TIL). Materials and Methods: We analyzed a single surgeon's experience with preoperative US, TIL, and inguinal orchiopexy. We included 74 patients with a palpable (or identified by US) cryptorchidism with patent processus vaginalis who underwent inguinal orchiopexy. We performed an inguinal exploration when we could identify an opened internal ring through TIL. Results: The prevalence of a CPPV was 18.9%. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of a CPPV by laterality, age, gestational age, or location of testis. A CPPV was detected 10 patients by US and in 15 patients by TIL, but one of them was revealed to be a blind pouch. The sensitivity and the specificity of US were 71.4% and 100%, respectively. Four CPPV cases were undiagnosed by US; all had a narrow internal ring. The accuracy of US was dependent on the width of the CPPV and the morphology of the internal ring. Conclusions: It was considerable that about 20% of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism had a CPPV, a risk factor for metachronous hernia. The presence of a CPPV in unilateral cryptorchidism should be considered in clinical practice. Purpose: The presence of a contralateral patent processus vaginalis (CPPV) is a risk factor for a metachronous hernia and may alter the surgical approach in unilateral cryptorchidism. We prospectively investigated the prevalence of a CPPV and compared the results between ultrasound (US) and transinguinal laparoscopy (TIL). Materials and Methods: We analyzed a single surgeon's experience with preoperative US, TIL, and inguinal orchiopexy. We included 74 patients with a palpable (or identified by US) cryptorchidism with patent processus vaginalis who underwent inguinal orchiopexy. We performed an inguinal exploration when we could identify an opened internal ring through TIL. Results: The prevalence of a CPPV was 18.9%. There was no significant difference in the occurrence of a CPPV by laterality, age, gestational age, or location of testis. A CPPV was detected 10 patients by US and in 15 patients by TIL, but one of them was revealed to be a blind pouch. The sensitivity and the specificity of US were 71.4% and 100%, respectively. Four CPPV cases were undiagnosed by US; all had a narrow internal ring. The accuracy of US was dependent on the width of the CPPV and the morphology of the internal ring. Conclusions: It was considerable that about 20% of patients with unilateral cryptorchidism had a CPPV, a risk factor for metachronous hernia. The presence of a CPPV in unilateral cryptorchidism should be considered in clinical practice.

시각적인 색 인식이 남자 대학생들의 자율신경 활성과 운동능력에 미치는 효과

사공혁 ( Hyuk Sakong ),조영현 ( Yeong-hyun Cho ),서태범 ( Tae-beom Seo ) 한국스포츠정책과학원 2021 체육과학연구 Vol.32 No.3

[목적] 본 연구의 목적은 시각적인 색 인식이 건강한 남자 대학생들의 자율신경 활성과 운동능력에 미치는 효과를 규명하는 것이다.[방법] 건강한 대학생 10명을 대상으로(n=10) 무작위 교차설계에 따라 투명(CG), 빨강(RG), 파랑(BG), 초록(GG) 안경 착용 후 자율신경 활성과 운동능력을 확인하였다. 신경계 활성은 심박변이도(HRV), 피로는 혈중 젖산 농도, 심박수는 휴대용 심박수 측정 장비로 분석하였다. 운동 능력은 악력, 윗몸일으키기, 좌전굴, yardstick 검사, 수직 높이뛰기, 사이드 스텝 검사를 통해 확인하였다. 집단 간 상호작용을 분석하기 위하여 확인하기 위해 이원 반복측정 분산분석 실시하였다.[결과] 본 연구의 결과 저주파 영역(LF)은 RG가 GG보다 높았으며, 고주파 영역(HF)은 BG가 GG에 비해 높았다. 하지만 최대근력, 근지구력, 반응시간, 파워, 민첩성 및 유산소성 운동능력 등의 운동능력에서는 모든 집단 간 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다.[결론] 본 연구 결과는 시각적인 색 인식이 자율신경계는 변화시키지만 운동능력에는 영향을 미치지 못한다는 것을 제시 한다. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of visual color perception on autonomic nervous activity and exercise capacity in healthy male college students. METHODS The subjects who were healthy male college student (n=10) were participated in 4 visual colors using by randomized crossover; clear color group (CG), red color group (RG), blue color group (BG) and green color group (GG). All subjects wore goggles for five minutes prior to the exercise to adjust to color, and they did not take off goggles until recovery after exercise. Significant differences between groups were determined by two-way repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS As a result of this study, the low frequency (LF) was significantly higher in RG than those in GG. But the high frequency (HF) was significant higher in BG compared to GG. Exercise capacity such as maximum strength, muscle endurance, reaction time, power, agility and aerobic performance did not differ significantly between all groups. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our findings suggested that perception of the visual color might be change autonomic nervous activity, while don’t influence exercise capacity.

골수간질세포 이식과 저강도 트레드밀 운동이 손상된 좌골신경의 말이집 재형성 및 가자미근 위축에 미치는 효과

사공혁(Sakong, Hyuk),조영현(Cho, Yeong-Hyun),서태범(Seo, Tae-Beom) 한국체육과학회 2023 한국체육과학회지 Vol.32 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity treadmill exercise and bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) transplantation on the regulation of the remyelination and soleus atrophy after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). The rats were divided as follows: the normal control (NG, n=3) , injury group ( IG, n=9), injury+exercise group (IEG, n=9), injury+BMSC transplantation group (IBG, n=9), injury+exercise+BMSC transplantation group (IEBG, n=9) at 3, 8 and 10 weeks after SNI. Treadmill exercise was comprised of walking at a speed of 5 to 8 m/min for 20 min once a day. Harvested BMSC was injected into distal portion of the injury site at a density of 5×106 in 30-μl phosphate buffered saline. Myelin basic protein (MBP) was increased in IEBG f rom 3, 8, and 10 weeks after SNI compared to those in the IG group. S100 calcium-binding protein β(S100β) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) were significantly up-regulated in IEG, IBG and IEBG from 3 and 8 weeks, as well as IBG and IEBG increased these protein until 10 weeks post injury. While cytochrome-C was down-regulated in IEG, IBG and IEBG from 3 weeks, as well as IBG and IEBG decreased it during 8 and 10 weeks after injury. Caspase-3 was significantly down-regulated in IBG and IEBG from 3 weeks. The findings of this study provide significant information that low-intensity treadmill exercise and BMSC transplantation might be regulator in axonal remyelination and soleus atrophy after SNI.

엘리트 여자 사이클 선수의 무산소성 페달링 파워 수준에 따른 최대근력 및 무릎과 허리의 등속성 근기능 비교연구

사공혁(Sakong, Hyuk),조영현(Cho, Yeong-Hyun),이동주(Lee, Dong-Joo),서태범(Seo, Tae-Beom) 한국웰니스학회 2021 한국웰니스학회지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 엘리트 여자 사이클 선수들의 최대 페달링 파워 수준에 따른 최대근력 및 무릎과 허리의 등속성 근기능을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 본 연구의 대상은 엘리트 여자 사이클 선수 명으로 최대 페달링 파워를 측정한 후 33 상대값을 산출하여 상위그룹(HPG, n=11), 중위그룹(MPG, n=11), 하위그룹(LPG, n=11)으로 구분하였다. 신체구성은 키(Height), 체중(Body weight), 제지방량(Fat-free mass, FFM), 체지방률(%Fat), 체질량지수(Body mass index, BMI)를 측정하였으며, 최대근력은 악력(Grip strength), 벤치프레스(Bench press), 스쿼트(Squat)의 One Repetition Maximum(1RM)를 측정하였다. 등속성 근기능 측정은 60°/sec에서 무릎의 신전근과 굴곡근의 근력, 30°/sec에서 허리의 신전근과 굴곡근의 근력을 측정하였다. 최대 페달링 파워 수준에 따른 집단 간 신체구성, 최대근력, 등속성 근기능의 차이를 확인하기 위해 일원 배치 분산분석(One-way ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 연구결과 제지방량과 1RM 스쿼트는 HPG가 LPG에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 등속성 근기능 중 좌·우의 무릎 신근, 무릎 굴근과 허리 굴근은 HPG가 LPG에 비해 높은 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과는 최대 페달링 파워가 엘리트 여자 사이클 선수의 경기력을 예측하는 지표로 활용될 수 있음을 제시하고 있다. The purpose of this study was to compare maximum muscle strength and isokinetic knee and trunk muscle functions according to characteristics in maximum pedaling power of elite female cyclists. Subjects of this study were 33 elite female cyclists and divided by maximum pedaling power into 3 groups: high peak power groups (HPG, n=11), middle peak power groups (MPG, n=11) and low peak power groups (LPG, n=11). Height, body weight, fat-free mass (FFM), percent body fat (%Fat) and body mass index (BMI) were measured for body composition. Grips strength, Bench press and Squat were measured for maximum strength. The extension and flexion on knee and trunk were measured for isokinetic function. Significant differences among all groups were determined with one-way repeated ANOVA. As the result of this study, FFM and 1RM squat were significantly higher in HPG compared to LPG. Isokinetic knee and trunk extension and flexion showed a significant difference in HPG compared to LPG. In conclusion, present findings suggested new evidence that anaerobic pedaling peak power might be important predictors related with performance of elite female cyclists.

선천성 정낭형성부전증

김경연,사공혁,정지훈,이종현,이승배,김은탁,김대경,우승효 대한남성과학회 2008 The World Journal of Men's Health Vol.26 No.3

Congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle is commonly associated with mullerian duct cysts and frequently combined with anomalies of the vas deferens or urinary tract. We report a case of a 29 year-old man with congenital agenesis of the seminal vesicle without any associated anomaly of the urogenital organs. He had infertility for 2 years and two semen analyses revealed azoospermia. There was no abnormal finding in physical examination of the testis, epididymis, or vas deferens. However, we could not locate the seminal vesicles in a transrectal ultrasound and computed tomography. We referred him to an infertility clinic for assisted reproductive technology.

인체 방광암에서 Peroxiredoxin I의 발현에 관한 분석

김은탁,사공혁,김원재 대한비뇨의학회 2008 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.49 No.4

Purpose: Peroxiredoxins(PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes that play an important role on cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated if the expression levels of PRDX I were related to bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: The mRNA level of PRDX I was examined via real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 186 cancer specimens from patients with primary bladder cancer, 73 corresponding samples of normal looking bladder mucosae surrounding the cancer and 21 samples of normal bladder mucosae. We investigated the correlation between the expression levels of PRDX I and the clinico-pathological parameters of the 154 patients who could be followed up more than three years. Results: The expression levels of PRDX I in bladder cancer(0.73pg/ml) were significantly higher that that in the normal bladder mucosae (0.04 pg/ml)(p<0.01) or that in the corresponding normal bladder mucosae surrounding the cancer(0.38pg/ml)(p<0.01). The expression level of PRDX I was not significantly enhanced in the non-recurred(0.87pg/ml) superficial bladder tumor patients compared with the recurred superficial bladder tumor patients(0.63pg/ml), but it was significantly enhanced in the non-progressed(0.82pg/ml) patients compared with the progressed (0.50pg/ml) patients(p<0.05 for each). Conclusions: An enhanced expression of PRDX I is strongly associated with the development of bladder cancer. Moreover, enhanced expressions of PRDX I are also positively associated with a low rate of progression of bladder cancer, and this might be useful as a marker for assessing progression in human bladder cancers. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:300-306) Purpose: Peroxiredoxins(PRDXs) are antioxidant enzymes that play an important role on cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. In this study, we investigated if the expression levels of PRDX I were related to bladder cancer. Materials and Methods: The mRNA level of PRDX I was examined via real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR) in 186 cancer specimens from patients with primary bladder cancer, 73 corresponding samples of normal looking bladder mucosae surrounding the cancer and 21 samples of normal bladder mucosae. We investigated the correlation between the expression levels of PRDX I and the clinico-pathological parameters of the 154 patients who could be followed up more than three years. Results: The expression levels of PRDX I in bladder cancer(0.73pg/ml) were significantly higher that that in the normal bladder mucosae (0.04 pg/ml)(p<0.01) or that in the corresponding normal bladder mucosae surrounding the cancer(0.38pg/ml)(p<0.01). The expression level of PRDX I was not significantly enhanced in the non-recurred(0.87pg/ml) superficial bladder tumor patients compared with the recurred superficial bladder tumor patients(0.63pg/ml), but it was significantly enhanced in the non-progressed(0.82pg/ml) patients compared with the progressed (0.50pg/ml) patients(p<0.05 for each). Conclusions: An enhanced expression of PRDX I is strongly associated with the development of bladder cancer. Moreover, enhanced expressions of PRDX I are also positively associated with a low rate of progression of bladder cancer, and this might be useful as a marker for assessing progression in human bladder cancers. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:300-306)

태권도선수들의 체급별 스포츠손상 분석

유주인 ( Joo-in Yu ),사공혁 ( Hyuk Sakong ),박영준 ( Young-jun Park ),서태범 ( Tae-beom Seo ) 제주대학교 체육진흥센터 2022 체육과학연구 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study is to analyze the frequency and region of sports injuries according to the weight class in Taekwondo athletes. Sixty-six Taekwondo athlete who registered with Korea sports association took part in this experiment, and a sports injury questionnaire consists of 2 questions on the characteristics of the respondent, 1 question on the area of sports injury, and 1 question on the frequency of sports injury were used. As a result, the frequency of sports usuries was the highest in 34 repetition in all weight classes, and the ankle (24.3%) was the region with the highest risk for sports injury in Taekwondo. Also, looking at the sports injury rate according to weight class, the wrist (18.0%) in the lightweight class and the knee (10.4%, 0.6%) in the middle-weight and heavy-weight classes showed the highest damage. The results of this study emphasize the need for systematic training and warm-up exercises to reduce the frequency of sports injuries in Taekwondo athletes. In addition, to prevent re-injury of Taekwondo athletes, I think that additional research should be conducted by diversifying the classification of subjects such as age, gender, and weight class.

근력 및 근비대 향상에 관한 저항성 운동 효과 연구 고찰

유붕 ( Peng Liu ),조영현 ( Yeong-hyun Cllo ),유주인 ( Joo-in Yu ),사공혁 ( Hyuk Sakong ),정주연 ( Ju-yeon Jeong ),서태범 ( Tae-beom Seo ) 제주대학교 체육진흥센터 2023 체육과학연구 Vol.29 No.0

Resistance exercise programs are increasingly important as exercises that can cause the effects of improving muscular strength, muscular function, muscle hypertrophy, exercise performance and preventing sports injuries. Many studies have been researched to develop an effective resistance exercise program While many studies have been published on the effects, no comprehensive literature review studies on the three resistance exercise program have been conducted. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic review was to define the effects of the three resistant exercise programs. To this end, a total of 15 articles related to Compound set training (n=5), Pyramid set training (n=5), and Super set training (n=5) were selected from Riss, Google Scholar, and Pubmed. As a result of the study, Compound set training had a positive effect on muscular strength, muscular endurance, Cross-sectional area (CSA), power, and speed. Pyramid set training was a program that is effective in improving muscular strength and skeletal muscle mass(SMM) and could be applied to various age groups by controlling appropriate exercise intensity. Super set training induced muscular strength, muscular endurance, SJ\1M, and increases energy efficiency and metabolic stress. In conclusion, Compound set training, Pyramid set training, and Super set training are effective exercise programs for improving muscular function and health. However, there are few studies on the comparative study on the three exercise programs, so it is hard which exercise programs will be most effective. Therefore, it is necessary to compare and analyze three exercise programs in the future to reveal effective exercise programs.

축구선수들의 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 방법 문헌고찰

이서민 ( Rui-min Li ),조영현 ( Yeong-hyun Cho ),유주인 ( Joo-in Yu ),유붕 ( Peng Liu ),사공혁 ( Hyuk Sakong ),박영준 ( Young-jun Park ),한누리 ( Nu-ri Han ),서태범 ( Tae-beom Seo ) 제주대학교 해양스포츠센터 2020 해양스포츠연구 Vol.10 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 축구선수의 경기력 향상을 위한 트레이닝 방법을 확인하고자 하는데 있다. 이를 위해 온라인(Online) 상에서 Pubmed, Riss, Kiss, Google scholar에서 2000~2020년 사이의 기간을 설정하고, 용어는 Training, Performance, soccer player, core training 그리고 Plyometric training을 사용하여 문헌 조사를 실시하였다. 축구선수의 경기력관련 체력요인 향상을 위한 훈련 프로그램의 효과를 보고한 20개의 논문을 선정하였고, 플라이오메트릭과 코어트레이닝 각각 5개씩 10개의 논문이 최종 채택되었다. 채택한 문헌을 기반으로 내용을 정리한 결과 플라이오메트릭과 코어트레이닝은 근력, 근지구력, 민첩성, 순발력, 허리와 무릎 등속성 근기능 및 유연성을 증가시키는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 플라이오메트릭과 코어트레이닝의 적용은 축구선수의 경기력 관련 체력을 향상시킨다는 중요한 정보를 제공한다. The purpose of this study is to identify a training method for improving soccer player's performance. To this end, the period between 2000 and 2020 was set in Pubmed, Riss, Kiss, and Google scholar on Online, and a literature survey was conducted using the terms Training, Performance, soccer player, core training and Plyometric training. Twenty academic journals were selected to report the effectiveness of training programs to improve the fitness factors related to the performance of soccer players, and ten papers were finally selected, five each for plyometric and core training. As a result of organizing the contents based on the adopted literature, it was confirmed that plyometric and core training increased muscle strength, muscular endurance, agility, power, waist and knee isokinetic muscle function and flexibility. Therefore, these results provide information that plyometric and core training may improve physical fitness related to the performance of soccer players.