Schema Abstraction 에 관한 소고

변은희 고려대학교 행동과학연구소 1985 行動科學硏究 Vol.7 No.1

생물지식의 발달: 생물/무생물 구분과 인과기제

변은희 한국심리학회 산하 한국발달심리학회 2005 한국심리학회지 발달 Vol.18 No.3

The present study investigated children's understanding of the distinction between living and nonliving things and children's use of causal mechanisms. Children, aged 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 participated. They were given a series of questions, which measured children's understanding of several biological properties, including growth, nutrient intake, overeating(overwatering) and underfeeding(underwatering), factors that affect plant growth, reproduction, and reincarnation. The results showed that children understood only a small portion of the distinguishing criteria at age 3 and improved with age. Nonetheless, many(about 45%) 11-year olds do not attain all the criteria. Also, older children employed causal mechanisms more frequently and relied less on the perceptual properties and more on their categorical knowledge when making an explanation. Among biological properties, reproduction was easiest for children to grasp, which was followed by growth and nutrient intake, and then overfeeding/underfeeding and factors that affect plant growth and reincarnation. The animal category was the easiest to understand and there was no difference between the plant and nonliving thing categories. Three- and 5-year olds (or 5- and 7-year olds) were different from other age groups respectively, and 7-, 9-, and 11 year olds tended to be grouped together when their knowledge on biological properties were compared. 본 연구는 아동의 생물현상에 대한 지식 중 생물/무생물 구분과 인과기제를 중심으로 한 설명이 언제 나타나며 어떻게 발달해 나가는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 이를 위해 3세에서 11세까지의 다섯 연령집단 아동을 대상으로 성장, 성장과 영양분 섭취, 영양분 과다/과소 섭취, 식물의 성장 요인, 번식, 부활 등의 생물특성에 대한 이해를 알아보았다. 연구결과는 3세에는 생물과 무생물을 구분하는 기준의 일부를 이해하며, 5세 이후 계속 증가하지만, 11세에도 많은 아동(약 45%)이 완전한 구분에 도달하지는 않는다는 것을 보여주었다. 아동이 생물특성에 대해 설명할 때 연령이 증가함에 따라 인과기제를 더 많이 사용하였으며, 지각적인 속성에 덜 의존하고 범주 지식을 더 많이 사용하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 또한 여러 생물특성에 관한 지식에 있어서 번식이 가장 이해가 쉬웠으며, 그 다음은 성장과 영양분 섭취, 그 다음은 영양분 과다/과소 섭취와 식물의 성장 요인과 부활의 순서였다. 생물 범주에 대한 지식에 있어서 동물 범주에 대한 이해수준은 식물 범주나 무생물 범주에 비해서 높았으나, 식물 범주와 무생물 범주 간에는 차이가 없었다. 연령집단 간의 생물특성과 범주 유형에 관한 지식의 정도와 인과기제 사용을 비교하였을 때, 3세, 5세(또는 5세와 7세), 그리고 7세, 9세, 11세의 세 집단으로 나뉘는 경향이 있었다.

인지심리학의 최근 연구 경향

변은희 대한사립학교장회(구 대한사립중고등학교장회) 1999 私學 Vol.87 No.-

대뇌부챗살 경색으로 인한 거울상 쓰기 1예

변은희,김광기 대한치매학회 2007 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.6 No.2

Mirror writing is the simultaneous process of reversing individual letters and the writing direction. We present a case of a 64-year-old, right-handed female patient who developed temporary mirror writing following a left corona radiata infarction. When she wrote with her left hand due to her right hemiparesis, she exhibited mirror writing on spontaneous writing of letters and digits. She also showed some visuospatial disturbances and right-left disorientation. Underlying mechanism of mirror writing is discussed with this case.

기억저하를 호소한 사람들의 미래기억과 과거기억 실패

변은희,김광기 대한치매학회 2009 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.8 No.1

Background: Earlier memory work has suggested that elderly people are especially vulnerable to self-initiated retrieval. The differences between prospective memory (PM) and retrospective memory (RM) were predicted based on the assumption that PM retrieval relies heavily on self-initiated retrieval. The main purposes of this study were 1) to compare the participants’ subjective frequencies of PM and RM failures and 2) to compare PM and RM failures of the participants and their caregivers. In addition, the relations between the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and failures in PM and RM were examined. Method: One hundred and fifty five participants responded. All participants and some of their caregivers answered the 16-item questionnaire. The questions came from 8 categories reflecting different aspects of memory: type (prospective vs. retrospective), duration (short-term vs. long-term), and cueing (self-cued vs. environmentally-cued). They also answered questions on the degree of discomfort caused by the participants’ memory failures and the most distressful memory failure. K-MMSE and GDS were administered only to participants. Results: More PM than RM failures were reported by the participants. The participants reported more memory failures than their caregivers when they performed PM tasks, and when there were no environmental cues. In addition, both K-MMSE and GDS scores were significantly correlated with PM and RM failures. The participants were more frustrated by their memory failures than their caregivers, and both the participants and their caregivers were more frustrated by PM failures than RM failures. Conclusions: These results suggest that PM failure is at least as frequent as RM failure and causes more discomfort. Thus the reports of subjective memory failure from both participants and their caregivers should be given more importance in the diagnosis of memory impairment. Background: Earlier memory work has suggested that elderly people are especially vulnerable to self-initiated retrieval. The differences between prospective memory (PM) and retrospective memory (RM) were predicted based on the assumption that PM retrieval relies heavily on self-initiated retrieval. The main purposes of this study were 1) to compare the participants’ subjective frequencies of PM and RM failures and 2) to compare PM and RM failures of the participants and their caregivers. In addition, the relations between the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), and failures in PM and RM were examined. Method: One hundred and fifty five participants responded. All participants and some of their caregivers answered the 16-item questionnaire. The questions came from 8 categories reflecting different aspects of memory: type (prospective vs. retrospective), duration (short-term vs. long-term), and cueing (self-cued vs. environmentally-cued). They also answered questions on the degree of discomfort caused by the participants’ memory failures and the most distressful memory failure. K-MMSE and GDS were administered only to participants. Results: More PM than RM failures were reported by the participants. The participants reported more memory failures than their caregivers when they performed PM tasks, and when there were no environmental cues. In addition, both K-MMSE and GDS scores were significantly correlated with PM and RM failures. The participants were more frustrated by their memory failures than their caregivers, and both the participants and their caregivers were more frustrated by PM failures than RM failures. Conclusions: These results suggest that PM failure is at least as frequent as RM failure and causes more discomfort. Thus the reports of subjective memory failure from both participants and their caregivers should be given more importance in the diagnosis of memory impairment.

외상사건 후 치료적 개입을 위한 집단프로그램 동향 분석 - 국내 KCI 등재 학술지 논문을 중심으로(2004-2023) -

변은희,김성봉,윤혜연 한국문화융합학회 2024 문화와 융합 Vol.46 No.1

본 연구는 외상 사건 후 치료적 개입을 위한 집단프로그램에 대한 연구 동향을 분석함으로써 그 경향성을 확인하고, 향후 외상 관련 연구가 나아갈 방향을 제공하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 2004년부터 2023 년까지의 국내 KCI 등재학술지에 실린 외상 관련 집단프로그램 연구 총 96편을 수집하고 분류 기준을정하여 다각적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 한국심리학회지(14.5%)에 가장 많이 게재되었고, 대상은 성인이 46.9%, 유형은 정서학대가 26.4%, 신체학대가 25.6%, 이론은 인지행동치료가 14.3%로 많았다. 프로그램 구성에서는 총 회기수는 7-8회기(35.2%), 회기수는 주 1회(59.2%), 회기당 시간은 120분(22.6%), 실험집단의 인원은 13명 이상(33%)을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. This study attempted to confirm research trends on group programs for therapeutic intervention after traumatic events by analyzing them and provide directions for future trauma-related research.For this purpose, a total of 96 trauma-related group program studies published in domestic KCI-registered journals from 2004 to 2023 were collected, classification criteria were set, and analyzed from various angles.As a result, it was most often published in the Journal of the Korean Psychological Association (14.5%), the target was adults at 46.9%, the type was emotional abuse at 26.4%, physical abuse at 25.6%, and the theory was cognitive behavioral therapy at 14.3%.In terms of program structure, the total number of sessions is 7-8 (35.2%), the number of sessions is once a week (59.2%), the time per session is 120 minutes (22.6%), and the number of experimental group members is 13 or more (33%) appeared to prefer.

IV. 농ㆍ어촌 영세 중등사학 통폐합지원

변은희 대한사립학교장회(구 대한사립중고등학교장회) 2002 私學 Vol.99 No.-

농산업 예비창업자의 창업의도에 미치는 영향요인에 관한 연구: 자기결정성 정도의 조절효과 중심으로

변은희,허철무 한국벤처창업학회 2023 벤처창업연구 Vol.18 No.4

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial competency on entrepreneurial intention by setting degree of self-determination as a moderating variable for pre-entrepreneur of agriculture industry. The entrepreneurial environment was divided into perceived support and perceived barriers, and the sub-variables of entrepreneurial competence were set as creativity, problem solving, communication, marketing, and business plan. 253 questionnaires were used for empirical analysis. The results of the analysis using SPSS v25.0 and Process macro v4.2 are as follows. First, the perceived support and perceived barriers of the entrepreneurial environment have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Creativity, problem solving, marketing and business plan of entrepreneurial competency have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention, but the effect of communication was non-significant. Second, the degree of self-determination did not moderate the relationship between perceived support, barriers and entrepreneurial intention. This means that the level of self-determination may not have a significant effect on the relationship between entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial intention. Third, the degree of self-determination was found to moderate the relationship between creativity, problem solving, communication, marketing and business plan of entrepreneurial competency and entrepreneurial intention. Specifically, as the degree of self-determination increases, the size of the influence of creativity, problem solving, marketing, and business plan on entrepreneurial intention plays a role of strengthening in a positive direction. On the other hand, as the degree of self-determination increases, the degree of self-determination, which weakens the relationship between communication and entrepreneurial intention. Future research will require exploration of other factors that can explain entrepreneurial environment and entrepreneurial capacity, and follow-up studies are needed to analyze the moderated mediating effects through conditional process models that include new mediating and moderating variables. 본 연구는 농산업 예비창업자를 대상으로 자기결정성정도를 조절변수로 하여 창업환경과 창업역량이 창업의도에 미치는 영향을 탐색하였다. 창업환경은 인지된지원과 인지된장벽으로 창업역량은 여러 가지 변인 중에서 농산업의 특성을 고려하여 창의성, 문제해결, 의사소통, 마케팅, 사업계획서로 설정하였다. 농산업분야 예비창업자를 대상으로 수집된 설문지 253부를 SPSS v25.0과 Process macro v4.2를 이용하여 실증분석에 사용하였다. 분석결과는 첫째, 창업환경의 인지된지원과 인지된장벽은 창업의도에 유의한 영향을 미쳤고 창업역량의 창의성, 문제해결, 마케팅 및 사업계획서가 창업의도에 유의적인 영향을 미쳤으나 의사소통이 미치는 영향은 비유의적으로 나타났다. 둘째, 자기결정성정도는 창업환경의 인지된지원 및 인지된장벽과 농산업 창업의도 간을 조절하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 자기결정의 수준은 창업환경과 창업의도 사이에 영향을 미치지 않음을 의미한다. 셋째, 자기결정성정도는 창업역량의 창의성, 문제해결, 의사소통, 마케팅 및 사업계획서와 창업의도 간을 조절하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 자기결정성정도가 커질수록, 창의성, 문제해결, 마케팅 및 사업계획서가 창업의도에 미치는 영향력의 크기가 정(+)의 방향으로 강해지게 하는 강화작용의 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 자기결정성정도가 커질수록 의사소통과 창업의도 간의 관계가 약해지는 완화 작용이 있다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 향후에는 창업환경과 창업역량을 설명할 수 있는 다른 요인들의 탐색과 새로운 매개변수와 조절변수가 포함된 조건부과정모형을 통해 조절된 매개효과를 분석할 수 있는 후속 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다.

현실치료 프로그램이 조현병 환자의 내외부통제성과 전반적 기능(GAF) 및 정신증상(PANSS)에 미치는 효과

변은희(Byeon, Eun-Hee),원복연(Won, Bog-Yeon) 한국현실치료상담학회 2019 현실치료연구 Vol.8 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 조현병 환자의 내외부통제성과 전반적 기능 및 정신증상에 미치는 효과를 알아보기 위해 현실치료 프로그램을 재구성하여 적용하였다. 연구대상은 제주도 S시 정신건강복지센터의 조현병 환자 20명을 대상으로, 실험집단과 통제집단에 각각 10명씩 무선배치 하였다. 본 프로그램의 구성 절차는 준거 설정, 프로그램 회기별 배열순서 설정, 프로그램의 타당화(전문가 검토 및 예비실험)의 순서에 따라 총 10회기로 구성하였으며 주 1회 회기당 90분씩 실시하였다. 자료는 실험집단과 통제집단의 사전-사후 점수 차이에 대한 t검증으로 통계 결과를 분석하였으며, 양적인 결과를 보완하기 위해 질적자료 분석 방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 첫째, 내외부통제성은 실험집단과 통제집단 사이에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 전반적 기능(GAF)과 정신증상(PANSS)에서는 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 양적인 결과를 보완하기 위해 실시한 질적 분석에서도 그 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. The purpose of this study is to verify the effect of reality therapy program on internal-external control, global assessment of functioning(GAF) and positive and negative syndrome scale(PANSS) of schizophrenic patients. This study was conducted targeting 20 schizophrenic patients in a mental health center in S-city in Jeju self-governing province. The group was randomly divided into two groups with 10 patients in each: experimental and control group. The program consisted of total 10 sessions, all of which lasted 90 minutes every week. The data were analyzed by statistical analysis of the t-test of the difference between the pre-and post-test scores of the experimental group and the control group, and the qualitative data analysis method (transcription-coding-topic generation) of Kim Young-chun(2006) was used to supplement the quantitative results. First, there was no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group. Second, there was statistically significant difference between the two groups as a result of the t-test on the pre-post-difference of the overall function (GAF). Third, there was a statistically significant difference in pre-post test scores of PANSS. Fourth, the qualitative analysis carried out to supplement the quantitative results confirmed the effect.

현실치료 프로그램이 외상 경험 아동의 정신건강 및 통제성에 미치는 효과

변은희(Eunhee Byeon),김성봉(Sungbong Kim),주학(HE ZHOU) 한국문화융합학회 2023 문화와 융합 Vol.45 No.7