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헤드 램프 빛의 각도 자동 조절 장치에 작용하는 추력의히스테리시스에 대한 마찰의 영향
백홍,김재훈,남진식,박상신 한국트라이볼로지학회 2019 한국윤활학회지(윤활학회지) Vol.35 No.6
This paper presents a new method on how to calculate the thrust forces acting on an auto-leveling device in headlamps for passenger vehicles. The leveling device is used to lower the angle of lights when a load in the trunk of the vehicle lifts it. In the process of the headlamp design, it is imperative to predict the external forces so that the designers can decide whether to proceed or not. The device is composed of three pivot joints with no reaction moment, a plate that holds the lamp, and a leveling motor that changes rotation to linear motion. In this study, force balance, moment balance, and geometric compatibility are applied to the leveling device system so that a nonlinear system of equations can be derived; the multi-dimensional Newton-Raphson algorithm is then used to solve these. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to verify which design variables affect the system the most: the mass of the lamp and the height between the pivot and leveling device affect the thrust forces the most. Then, considering the friction forces between the moving parts, the hysteresis of the forces are derived. An experimental apparatus, designed and developed in this study, is used to verify the exactness of the derived equations. The results from experiments coincide well with the calculated results. The friction hysteresis, in particular, proves this upon analysis.
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자동차 헤드램프내 체결부품사이의 마찰계수 실험장치 개발
백홍,문지승,박상신,박종명 한국트라이볼로지학회 2019 한국트라이볼로지학회지 (Tribol. Lubr.) Vol.35 No.1
When slipping occurs between two materials, the coefficients of friction must be considered because these values determine the overall efficiency of the machine or slip characteristics. Therefore, it is important to find the coefficient of friction between two materials. This paper focuses on obtaining the coefficient of friction between an aiming bolt and a retainer located in the headlamps of a vehicle. This bolt supports the headlamp, and if the bolt is loosened by external vibration, the angle of the light will change and block the vision of pedestrians or other drivers. In order to study these situations, the coefficient of friction between aiming bolts and retainers needs to be measured. In addition, the coefficient of friction of materials used in the headlamp should be obtained. To determine these two factors, a new device is designed for two cases: surface-surface contact and surface-line contact. To increase reliability of the results, the device is designed using an air-bearing stage which uses compressed air as lubricant to eliminate the friction of the stage itself. Experiments were carried out by applying various vertical forces, and the results show that the coefficient of friction can be measured consistently. The procedure for designing the device and the results are discussed.
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실리콘겔 인공유방의 기계적 및 물리화학적 특성에 대한 연구
백홍,장동혁,송정민,이승영,서무엽,박길종,맹은호,Baek, H.,Jang, D.H.,Song, J.M.,Lee, S.Y.,Seo, M.Y.,Park, G.J.,Maeng, E.H. 대한의용생체공학회 2012 의공학회지 Vol.33 No.2
The purpose of this study is to develop the guideline of the physicochemical and mechanical properties evaluation for silicone gel filled breast implants. First of all, the use and development status for silicone gel filled breast implants were investigated, and then, standard and criteria about performance evaluation established by the international organizations such as ASTM, FDA guidance and ISO were examined. To evaluate the mechanical properties, data research and testing for breaking strength, elongation, tensile set, joint intensity, silicone gel cohesion, weight loss from heating, static rupture resistance, impact resistance test, fatigue test, and gel bleed were performed. On the other hand, to evaluate the physicochemical properties, volatile matter, extent of cross linking, heavy metals, and extractable were analyzed. In this study, results for general function, mechanical properties and physicochemical properties were examined and reviewed for the accordance with international standard, and objective and standardized guideline was provided.
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백홍인,김위황,오기준,최동진 대한이비인후과학회 2008 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.51 No.1
Bilateral vocal cord paralysis generally arises from trauma, tumor compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, surgery on neck and neurological diseases. Progressive supranuclear palsy is a rare degenerative disease showing supranuclear ophthalnoplegia, rigidity, bradykinesia, dysarthria and dementia. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy can be found only in a few cases reported in literature. The finding of bilateral vocal cord paralysis is important because it can be life threatening. We managed a patient with the laterofixation of vocal cord for preventing respiratory failure due to glottic airway compromise. We report this case with a review of literature. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2008;51:102-4)
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백홍인,오기준,유진,김영인 대한이비인후과학회 2008 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.51 No.4
Endoscopic sinus surgery has been used popularly for treatment of chronic paranasal sinusitis. Sometimes endoscopic sinus surgery is complicated by narrow visual field and anatomical variations. Oculocardiac reflex is developed by surgical or nonsurgical procedures to the eyeball. It occurs because of decreasing of heart rate and other arrhythmia including atrioventricular block, ventricular premature beat and cardiac arrest. Oculocardiac reflex during endoscopic sinus surgery is unusual and it is potentially a life threatening complication. The authors report the first case of oculocardiac reflex experienced during endoscopic sinus surgery in Korea with a review of the literature. (Korean J Otorhinolaryngol-Head Neck Surg 2008;51:387-9)
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편도적출술시 Epinephrine 국소적 침윤에 의한 급성 폐부종 치험 2예
손원상,박병철,유진,백홍인 대한이비인후과학회 2006 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.49 No.5
Epinephrine is used to control bleeding and clear operative field during tonsillectomy procedure by local and general anesthesia.But epinephrine also has many adverse effects, such as palpitation, headache, hypertension, arrhythmia, tachycardia, anxiety andsome significantly more dangerous conditions including intracranial hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, cardiac arrest, etc. We haveexperienced two acute pulmonary edema owing to infiltration of epinephrine during tonsillectomy, where the condition ofpatients rapidly became more serious. We performed intensive care and ventilation therapy. In all cases, patients were recoveredafter intensive care and additional postoperative complication has not been detected until now. We report these cases withliterature. (Korean J Otolaryngol 2006;49:575-8)
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김소영 ( So Young Kim ),이경애 ( Kyung Ae Lee ),진흥용 ( Heung Yong Jin ),박태선 ( Tae Sun Park ),백홍서 ( Hong Sun Beak ),박지현 ( Ji Hyun Park ) 전북대학교 의과학연구소 2010 全北醫大論文集 Vol.34 No.1
연구배경: 돌발성 난청이란 3일이내 돌연 일정수준의 청력 소실이 발생하는 경우로, 발생 기전이 아직까지 잘 알려져 있지 않고, 예후 또한 다양한 양상을 보이는 이비인후과적 응급 질환에 속한다. 발생 기전에 대해서 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않지만, 이전의 연구들에서 바이러스 감염이나 내이의 미세혈관 장애가 중요 인자일 것으로 여겨져 왔는데, 당뇨병 환자에서 발생할 수 있는 미세 혈관의 장애와 관련하여 당뇨병을 동반한 돌발성 난청 환자의 임상적 특성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 돌발성 난청으로 진단되어 입원 치료를 받은 298명의 의무기록을 토대로 연구를 시행하였다. 청력 검사는 순음청력검사로 500, 1000, 2000 Hz의 3주파수 청력 평균치를 3분법을 이용하여 계산하였고, 치료 시작 1주 후 반복하여 시행한 순음 청력 검사 결과로 회복 정도를 분석하였다. 난청의 정도는 경도 (mild. 26~40 dB), 중등도(moderate, 41~55dB), 중등고도(moderate severe, 57~70dB), 고도(severe, 71~90 dB), 농(profound 91 dB 이상)으로 분류하였다. 수집된 데이터를 이용하여 당뇨병과 당뇨병을 가지지 않은 환자로 분류한 후 성별, 연령별 분포, 체질량 지수, 고혈압 동반 유무, 당화 혈색소 평균치 등을 알아보았고, 이명 등의 증상 동반 여부, 청력 손실 정도, 회복율 등의 임상적 특성을 통계학적 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 결과: 총 298명의 환자중 당뇨병환자는 66명, 당뇨병이 아닌 환자는 232명으로 돌발성 난청 환자의 22%가 당뇨병을 동반하였다. 당뇨병 환자군과 비당뇨군간의 성별, 체질량 지수 등은 차이가 없었으나, 당뇨병 환자군의 평균연령이 59세±12.3세로 평균 45세±12.1세인 비당뇨병 환자군보다 높았고 (P<0.001), 고혈압을 동반하고 있는 환자의 비율도 당뇨병 환자에서 60.6%로 비당뇨군 (15.1%)보다 더 많았다 (P<0.001). 순음 청력 검사상 당뇨병 환자군에서 청력 손실 정도가 더 심하였는데 (P<0.001), 난청의 정도를 경도, 중등도, 중증고도, 고도, 농 으로 구분하였을때, 당뇨병 환자군에서 고도 이상 농인 경우의 비율이 확연히 증가되어 있었다. 발작이 발생한 후 1주일 이내에 회복되는 환자의 수에 있어서는 당뇨병 환자군이 비당뇨군에 비해 적었으나 통계적인 의미는 없었다. 이러한 임상적 차이가 당화혈색소와 연관된 것인지를 알아보기위해 난청의 정도, 6일째 호전여부와의 관계에 대해 분석해 보았으나, 당화혈색소 자체와 직접적인 연관성은 보이지 않았다. 결론: 당뇨병은 돌발성 난청환자의 22%정도를 차지하며, 당뇨병이 있는 경우 청력의 소실정도가 당뇨병이 없는 군보다 심하고, 고혈압을 동반하는 경우가 많았으며, 고령이었다. 대규모 연구를 통한 관련 위험인자들의 평가 및 돌발성 난청의 발생 기전에 대한 명확한 규명이 필요하다. Background: Idiopathic sudden hearing loss (ISHL) describes a hearing loss of rapid onset and that can progress to severe deafness. No clear mechanism of this disease have been found so far, one of the proposed etiologic causes is microvascular damage and then cochlear ischemia. Diabetes mellitus can cause microvascular and macrovascular complications, so the aim of our study was to compare to diabetic and non-diabetic patients with ISHL. Methods: We investigated retrospectively 298 cases of ISHL. We have analyzed their clinical characteristics, audiologic valuables and course of recovery between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Results: Sixty-six patients (22%) of ISHL had diabetes. Hearing in the affected ear was more impaired in diabetic than non-diabetic patients.(P<0.001) When classified 5 groups by degree of impairment of hearing loss, high degree of impairment such as severe and profound was significantly higher diabetic groups than non-diabetic groups. To access of this difference was related to HbAlc, we analyzed the relationship between HbAlc and degree of hearing impairment, they were not related directly. Mean age of diabetic patients was 45±12.1 years, and more older than non-diabetic patients significantly. Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher than non-diabetic patients, but sex, BMI was not different from two groups. Conclusion: 22% of our patients with ISHL had diabetes, and this subgroup was associated with more severe hearing loss.
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