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전계유기 상전이에 의한 PZN-PT 단결정의 전기적 특성변화
백동수,김영호,조봉희 한국전기전자재료학회 2001 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.14 No.11
Variations of dielectric and piezoelectric properties and associated phase transformation of <001> -oriented rhombohedral 0.92Pb (Zn$\sub$1/3/Nb$\sub$2/3/)O$_3$-0.08PbTiO$_3$ single crystals were investigated. The longitudinal strain level was found to abruptly increase at 15 kV/cm, corresponding to that where an induced phase appears within a multidomain matrix. Drastic decreases in the dielectric constant, transverse coupling, and transverse piezoelectric coefficient associated with the E-field induced phase were the result of increased crystal anisotropy in PZN-PT crystals. By contrast, the thickness coupling increased from 53 % at 0 kV/cm to 64 % at 45 kV/cm, also associated with this phase transition under the E-field. The measured dielectric and piezflelectric properties found for the induced phase state were nearly identical to those of <001> poled tetragonal (1-x)PZN-xPT (x>0.1) crystals. Based on these results, it is evident that the symmetry of induced phase is tetragonal.
Sol-gel법과 급속 열처리에 의한 PZT 강유전 박막의 제작과 그 특성
백동수,최형욱,김준한,신현용,김규수,박창엽 한국전기전자재료학회 1994 電氣電子材料學會誌 Vol.7 No.5
In this study, ferroelectric thin films of PZT with different Zr/Ti ratio were prepared by sol-get processing and annealed by rapid thermal annealing at >$500^{\circ}C$>$-700^{\circ}C$ for 10 sec. -1 min. Structures of the annealed films were examined by X-ray diffraction and SEM. Thin films of PZT with perovskite structure have been obtained by annealing at >$600^{\circ}C$ or above and for 20 seconds or longer. Maximum remnant polarization of 10.24.mu.C/cm$^{2}$ and minimum coercive field of 20.06 kV/cm were obtained from the 56/44 and 65/35 Zr/Ti composition films, respectively. Dielectric constant, .epsilon.$_{r}$ of 500-1300 and dielectric loss, tan .delta., of 0.01-0.035 were obtained from the films.s.
Sol-gel법에 의한 $Pb(Zr_xTi_{1-x})O_3$ 강유전 박막의 전기특성
백동수,박창엽 한국전기전자재료학회 1996 電氣電子材料學會誌 Vol.9 No.2
Pb(Zr$_{x}$Ti$_{1-x}$ )O$_{3}$ solutions prepared by sol-gel processing with different Zr/Ti ratio were coated on Pt/SiO$_{2}$/Si substrates using spin coating method. Coated films were annealed by rapid thermal annealing at 650.deg. C for 20sec to fabricate Pb(Zr, Ti)O$_{3}$ ferroelectric thin films. Electrical properties of the films such as dielectric constant and loss, ferroelectric hysteresis, fatigue, switching time, and leakage current were measured. Hysteresis of the films with different Zr/Ti ratio yield Pr ranging 10-21.mu.C/cm$^{2}$, E$_{c}$ ranging 37.5-137.5kV/cm. Hysteresis curve was changed from square-type to slim type according to increasing Zr contents. Switching time was faster than 180ns, and leakage current was about 20.mu.A/cm$^{2}$. The film underwent above 10$^{8}$ cycles of reversed polarization showed fatigue with increased coercive field and decreased remnant polarization.tion.
Labview기반의 직구동형 영구자석 풍력발전기 모델링 및 시뮬레이션
백동수(Dong-Soo Baek),정윤호(Yun-Ho Jeong),김신우(Sin-Woo Kim),박정현(Jung-Hyun Park),노희정(Hee-Jung No),김민규(Min-Kyu Kim),김종철(Jong-Chul Kim),윤송근(Song-Keun Yoon),정상용(Sang-Yong Jung) 대한전기학회 2010 대한전기학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.7
본 논문에서는 직구동형 영구자석 풍력발전기의 특성 및 출력을 파악할 수 있는 Labview 기반의 시뮬레이터를 설계하였다. 시뮬레이터는 풍향과 풍속의 변동에 따른 요우(Yaw)각 제어 및 피치(Pitch) 각 제어 시스템의 구축을 목표로 하며, 환경적 요인과 풍력 발전기의 특성을 입력받아 간단한 조작을 통해 원하는 결과를 도출하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 개발된 시뮬레이터를 이용하여 실제 풍력발전기의 제원을 적용하여 그 결과 데이터를 산출하고 분석하였다.
혹서기 서로 다른 급수 형태가 닭의 생산성, 육질 및 혈액성상에 미치는 영향
백이,조태현,임천익,채동수,류경선 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2018 농업생명과학연구 Vol.52 No.5
본 연구는 고온다습한 하절기에 음수의 형태가 닭의 생산성, 육질, 혈액의 성상에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실행하였다. 8일령 로스종 360수를 4개 처리구인 수돗물, 이온수, 냉수 및 냉이온수(냉수+이온수)로 처리구당 6반복으로 평사에 수용하여 5주령까지 급수하였다. 계사내부 평균 온도와 습도는 30.9℃와 74.0%였으며, 수돗물의 평균온도는 29.5℃였다. 이온수는 정전기를 이용하여 물을 이온화하였고, 냉수는 15℃로 고정하여 급수하였다. 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료요구율은 주간으로 측정하였으며, 혈액과 계육 샘플은 실험 종료시에 채취하였다. 사육전기 21일령에 증체량은 수돗물 처리구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮았지만 통계적 차이는 없었으며, 사육후기의 35일령에 이온수, 냉수, 냉이온수 처리구에서수돗물 처리구에 비하여 현저하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.01). 사료섭취량은 증체와 동일하게 사육전기에는 처리구간에 일관적 차이가 없었지만 사육후기에 수돗물 처리구에 비하여 다른 처리구에서 매우 개선 되는 경향을 보였다(p<0.01). 사료요구율은 사양실험 전기간에서 이온수, 냉수 및 냉이온수 처리구에서 매우 개선되었다(p<0.05). 계육의 가슴살에서 명도는 수돗물 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며, 적색도는 낮은 경향을 보였다. 황색도는 일관성이 없었지만 pH는 수돗물 처리구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 조리감량은 이온수, 냉수 및 냉이온수 처리구에서 수돗물에 비하여 매우 낮았지만(p<0.05) 연도는 높은 경향을 보였다. 혈중 알부민과 단백질은 처리구간에 차이가 없었지만, 중성지방은 이온수, 냉수 및 냉이온수 처리구에서 낮은 경향을 보였다(p<0.05). 혈중 포도당은 처리구간에 차이가 없었지만 HDL 콜레스테롤은 이온수, 냉수, 냉이온수 처리구에서 수돗물 처리구에 비해 현저하게 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 본 실험 결과 혹서기 육계에 냉이온수 급수는 생산성 및 육질을 개선하고 혈중HDL을 높게 하였다. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of various types of drinking water on performance, meat quality and blood biochemical composition of broiler chicks under high temperature conditions. Three hundred sixty, eight day old Ross X Ross were allocated to the floor pen with four treatments for four weeks. Treatments consisted of tap water(TW), ion water(IW), cold water(CW), ion + cold water(ICW) with six replicates. Temperature and humidity were 30.9℃ and 74.0% respectively, in indoor chicken house, and average temperature of TW was 29.5℃. IW was ionized by static electricity, and cold water was constantly kept at 15℃. Weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were weekly measured until five weeks of age from eight days old. Blood and meat samples were taken and measured at the end of experiment. Weight gain tended to increase in IW, CW and ICW treatments compared with TW at three weeks old, but significantly(p<0.01) higher than TW at five weeks of age. No difference was found in feed intake for starting period, but showed significantly(p<0.01) increased in IW, CW and ICW treatments for finishing period. Feed conversion was significantly (p<0.05) improved in IW, CW and ICW treatments compared to TW group during whole experiment period. Meat lightness seemed to increase, but redness decreased in TW compared with other treatments. However,pH of meat showed lower(p<0.05) in TW compared to that of other treatments. Cooking loss showed significantly(p<0.05) lower in other treatments than TW, but tenderness decreased in TW treatments. Blood albumin and protein showed no difference, but triglyceride of birds drunk IW, CW and ICW were decreased(p<0.05). HDL cholesterol was significantly(p<0.05) high in those treatments compared to that of TW. The results of this experiment indicated that ICW can improve the performance, meat quality and HDL cholesterol of broiler chicks under high temperature season.