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Effect of Grape Pomace Powder Addition on TBARS and Color of Cooked Pork Sausages during Storage
류경선,심관섭,신대근 한국축산식품학회 2014 한국축산식품학회지 Vol.34 No.2
To determine the effects of grape skin and seed pomace (GSP) additions on the lipid oxidation susceptibility and the colorchange of cooked pork sausages, the chemical characteristics of GSP itself and the addition for two different levels of GSP(0.5 and 1.0% GSP, respectively) to sausages were examined. Both the redness and blueness of the GSP were significantlyreduced as the pH level was increased from 5 to 7, but a reverse result was determined in the color tint and yellowness(p<0.05). The GSP polyphenol and flavonoid contents were influenced by the percentages of methanol solvents, and moreflavonoids were established when 100% of methanol was applied as a solvent to the GSP. But, similar results were notobserved in the polyphenol of GSP. In cooked pork sausages, significant decreases in the lightness and redness were foundin both the 0.5% and 1.0% of GSP sausages during the storage period (p<0.05). However, an incompatible effect wasobserved in terms of yellowness, which increased as compared to the control sausage after 6 days of storage. The 0.5%addition of GSP decreased the levels of TBARS (p<0.05), but the ability of GSP to minimize lipid oxidation was not dosedependent. Therefore, the results indicated that the GSP is an efficient suppressor of lipid oxidation and has latent effectsas a natural antioxidant when 0.5% of GSP is added to the cooked pork sausages.
산란계 사료에 목초액의 첨가 , 급여가 생산성 및 계란품질에 미치는 영향
류경선,이홍룡 한국동물자원과학회 2001 한국축산학회지 Vol.43 No.5
This study was conducted to investigate the feeding various levels of wood vinegar for thirty six weeks on performance and egg quality of laying hens. Four hundred fifty of nineteen weeks old ISA Brown were divided into five treatments with five replications. Five levels of wood vinegar were supplemented with 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075 and 0.1%. Corn-Soy basal diet contained 18.0% CP, 2,800 ㎉/㎏. Eggs were collected and weighed every day. Egg production and feed conversion were recorded every four weeks. Eggshell breaking strength, thickness and Haugh Unit were measured every twelve weeks. Fatty acid composition, cholesterol contents of egg yolk were measured at 42 and 54 weeks old. Egg production was not statistically different between wood vinegar treatments and control. However, birds fed 0.75∼0.1% wood vinegar showed significantly higher egg production after reaching peak than control(P$lt;0.05). Egg weight of birds fed 0.025% wood vinegar tended to be higher than other treatments, but was not significance. Daily eggmass of 0.1% wood vinegar treatments was higher by 1.2g than control, but was not significantly different. Feed intake of control birds was highest of all treatments. Feed conversion was lowest in 0.1% wood vinegar treatments but was not significantly different. Egg quality and Haugh unit also showed no differences among treatments. There were no consistency in liver and abdominal fat to body ratio. Polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA: C20:4, C22:6) of egg yolk fed 0.1% wood vinegar were significantly higher than those fed the control(P$lt;0.05). The cholesterol levels of yolk and serum were not significantly different among treatments. However, they tended to be lower in 0.075% wood vinegar treatments. The results of this experiment indicated that 0.1% wood vinegar tended to improve the egg production compared to that of other treatments and significantly(P$lt;0.05%) increased PLJFA(C20:4, C22:6) content in egg yolk.
육계 전기 사료에 엽산과 콜린의 첨가 수준이 육계의 생산성에 미치는 영향
류경선,최호성,박강희,신원집 한국가금학회 1995 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.22 No.4
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplemental folic acid(FA) in starting broiler chicks. In the first two experiments, basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 0.6 mg/kg FA but no supplemental methionine or choline. At 18 d of age, chicks showed curvilinear responses to folic acid supplementation with maximum growth and feed efficiencies at 1.45 mg/kg FA diet. The liver FA response was also curvilinear but reached a plateau at 1.70 mg/kg FA diet. The basal diet for 3 additional experiments contained soybean meal that had been washed with methanol to remove most of the choline. The diet contained only 0.6 mg /kg folic acid and 754 mg /kg choline. Chicks exhibited a larger growth response to folic acid at low choline levels as evidenced by a significant FA x choline interaction. FA supplementation increased but then decreased valgus leg deformity. Choline supplementation also decreased the incidences of valgus and varus leg deformities and decreased bone ash and increased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. It is concluded that chicks fed diets based on practical ingredients require from 1.45 to 1.70 mg /kg FA diet and also 1.60 mg/kg FA when choline is offered near the NRC recommended level of 1,300 mg/kg.
파워필의 급여가 육계의 생산성 및 장내 미생물에 미치는 영향
류경선,서경석,김상호,송희종 한국가금학회 2001 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.28 No.1
The objective of these experiments gas to investigate the feeding of Powerfeel supplementation on performance and intestinal microflora of broiler chicks. Five treatments were allocated into 0, 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.10% Powerfeel with four replications for five weeks. Diets contained 21.5% CP, 3,100 kcal/kg ME for the first three weeks and 19% CP, 3,100 kcal/kg ME for the rest two weeks. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion were weekly measured. E. coli and Salmonella were examined from cecum and ileum at the end of experiment. ND titer were also measured at five weeks old after first and booster vaccination at 14 and 21 days of age. In experiment 1, Weight gain of Powerfeef treatments was significantly higher for five weeks (P〈0.05). Feed intake increased on all Powerfeel treatments. Chicks fed Powerfeel improved feed conversion ratio(FCR) significantly compared to that of control (P〈0.05), but was not shown the consistency. In experiment 2, Weight gain and feed consumption of chicks fed Powerfeel were tended to increase, but were not statistically different from control. Powerfeel treatments showed significantly lower FCR than control(P〈0.05). The number of Salmonella and E. coli of chicks ileum fed Powerfeel were highly decreased, compared to those of control in both experiments. Powerfeel supplementation seemed to decrease the number of both Salmonella and E. coli in illeum, but was not consistency in cecum. Chicks fed Powerfeel showed significantly higher ND titer than control (P〈0.05). These results indicated that the optimum level of Powerfeel to maximize the performance of broiler chicks were estimated from 0.050 to 0.075% in broiler diets.
혈중 멜라토닌 혹은 에스트로겐과 광주기의 상호작용이 재래닭의 생산성에 미치는 영향
류경선,강창원 한국가금학회 1997 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.24 No.2
An experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between blood hormone levels and light cycle on performance of Korean native chicken. One hundred and two Korean native chickens were grouped into three treatments of natural light cycle (Control), 13L:11D (T2), and 16L:8D (T3). The egg production, egg weight, feed intake, serum melatonin and estrogen level were periodically measured from 22 to 34 weeks, respectively. The laying rates of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of the Control (P<o.05), except for the last period of the trial. There was no significant difference in laying rate between T2 and T3. The egg weight of T2 was significantly heavier than those of the Control and T3 for the first four wk, however, the egg weight of the Control was significantly heavier than the other treatments for the rest of periods (P<o.05). At 30 wk of age, the serum melatonin content of T3 was significantly higher than that of the Control, but there were no significant differences among treatments for the rest of experimental periods. It appears that the melatonin has a role in egg production of Korean native chicken. The blood estrogen level of T2 was also significantly high compared to those of the other groups at 26 and 30 wk of age(P<0.05), but was not different from the Control at 34 wk of age. The light stimulation may affect both blood hormone levels after the onset of laying in Korean native hens.
당귀 부산물의 급여가 재래닭의 생산성과 육질에 미치는 영향
류경선,송근섭 한국가금학회 1999 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.26 No.4
The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of feeding Angelica gigas Nakai by-products on performance and meat quality of Korean native chicks(KNC). Five hundred forty KNC were placed into 0, 0.2, and 0.4% Angelica gigas supplements with four replications between males and females. Weight gain, feed conversion ratio(FCR), breast meat lipid, fatty acid and protein contents were measured from 17 to 20 weeks old. Egg production, feed intake and FCR were examined from 22 to 29 weeks at four weeks at four weeks intervals. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 15% crude protein and 2,850㎉/kg ME for the growing period, 16.5% and 2,800㎉/kg for the laying period. Experiments were designed in a one way analysis. Weight gain of female chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products increased significantly compared to that of other treatments for the growing period, but was not consistency in male groups. Moisture, protein, fat content were not statistically different among all treatments. Fatty acid composition(C16:0, C18:0) of chicks fed 0.2% Angelica gigas by-products was higher than other treatments. In laying period, hens fed 0.2 or 0.4% Angelica gigas Nakai by-products seemed to increase the egg production and significantly improved FCR compared to that of control(P〈0.05). Birds fed 0.4% treatment showed significantly the lowest feed intake and FCR of all treatments(P〈0.05). The results of these studies indicated that dietary supplemental Angelica gigas by-products may have a role to improve the performance of KNC.
생균제의 급여가 산란계의 생산성과 장내 미생물의 변화에 미치는 영향
류경선,박흥석,류명선,박수영,김상호,송희종 한국가금학회 1999 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.26 No.4
The objects of this experiment was to investigate the effect of dietary several supplemental probiotics on performance and intestinal microflora of Lohmann brown laying hens from 68 to 80 weeks. Basal diets based on corn and soybean meal contained 18.0% CP and 2,720㎉/kg ME. Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus salvarius isolated from piglet(LSP) were fed at the level of 0.1 and 0.2% in a one way design. There were four replicates of 40 hens each per treatment. Egg production, feed intake, feed conversion ratio(FCR), eggshell quality were measured at every four weeks and intestinal microflora were examined at the end of experiment. Egg production of bird fed 0.2% individual probiotics was significantly higher than that of control(P 0.05). Birds fed the diet containing 0.2% LSC and LSP had significantly lower FCR than other treatments(P 0.05). However, egg weight of birds fed control and 0.2% BS diet showed higher than other treatments. Feed intake of 0.2% BS and 0.1% LSP treatment was significantly higher than other treatments, but was not consistency of all treatments(P 0.05). Eggshell breaking strength and thickness of hens fed probiotics tended to increase compared to that of control, but was not significantly different. Intestinal anaerobes, Lactobacillus spp. and yeast of hens fed all tested probiotics were significantly increased compared to those of control. The number of intestinal E. coli of all probiotics treatments except 0.1% LSP tended to decrease. Intestinal Lactobacillus spp. was increased significantly by 0.1% dietary LSC, whereas intestinal yeast showed significant increase in LSP treatments(P〈0.05). The results of this experiment indicated that feeding probiotics to laying hens improved the egg production, FCR and increased beneficial microflora.
유기산제와 효모배양물의 급여가 산란계의 생산성 및 계란품질에 미치는 영향
류경선,박재홍,박강희 한국가금학회 2002 韓國家禽學會誌 Vol.29 No.2
유기산제와 효모 배양물의 급여가 산란계의 생산성 및 계란 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 19주령 이사브라운 갈색계를 이용하여 16주간 사양실험을 시행하였다. 처리구는 무침가구인 대조구, 유기산제와 효모 배양물을 각각 0.1, 0.2% 수준으로 하였고 처리구당 5반복으로 반복당 18수씩 총 450수를 체중이 비슷하게 하여 완전 임의배치하였다. 산란율과 난중, 사료섭취 량은 4주 단위로 측정하였으며, 계란의 난각 강도. 난각 두게, Haugh unit, 난황색을 처리구별로 측정하였다. 난황의 지방산 조성은 실험 개시 후 8주 간격으로 측정하였다. 본 실험의 결과, 효모 배양물 0.1%급여시 31∼34주령의 산란율은 97.1%로 대조구에 비하여 증가하였다(P<0.05). 23∼26주령에서 1일 산란량은 유기산제 0.2% 급여구가 증가하였고(P<0.05), 31∼34주령에서는 효모 배양물 0.1% 급여구가 대조구에 비하여 현저하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량은 유기산제와 효모 배양물이 대조구와는 타이가 없었지만 27∼30주령에서 효모 배양물 0.1% 급여구는 유기산제 0.1% 급여구 보다 증가하였다(P<0.05). 난각 강도는 34주령에서 유기산제 0.1% 급여구가 효모배양물 0.1% 급여구에 비해서 증가하였으나(P<0.05), 대조구와 차이는 없었다. 34주령에 측정한 Haugh unit은 유기산제 급여구가 대조구보단 현저하게 높았으며(P<0.05), 난황색은 처리구간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 유기산제 0.1%급여구는 난황내 C20:4의 함량을 대조구에 비하여 증가시켰고(27주령)(P<0.05), 유기산제 0.1%, 0.2%급여구는 Cl6:0의 함량을 현저하게 감소시켰다 (34주령)(P<0.05). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding organic acid mixture and yeast culture on the Performance and e99 quality of laying hens fur sixteen weeks. Four hundred and fifty 19-wk-old ISA Brown layers were alloted to five treatments with five replications of each. The supplemental levels of organic acid mixture(OAM) and yeast culture(YC) in the experimental diets were 0(control), OAM 0.1, 0.2%, and YC 0.1, 0.2%, respectively. Corn -Soy basal diet containing 16.0% CP and ME 2,770 kca1/kg ME. Eggs were collected and weighed every day. Eg3 Production, fred intake and fled conversion were recorded in every four weeks. Fatty acid composition of e99 Yolk, e99she11 breaking strength, thickness and Haugh unit were measured a(her every eight weeks. Egg Production and daily egg mass of birds fed 0.2% OAM and 0.1% YC tended to be higher than those of the other treatment groups. Egg weight was the highest in hens fed with 0.2% OAM treatment, but was not significantly different. Feed conversion of hens in all OAM and YC treatments was lower than those of control, but was not statistically different. Eggshell breaking strength of hens on OAM treatments tended to be higher than those of YC treatment and control. Haugh units of the birds fed OAM was significantly higher than controls (P<0.05). 599 yolk color score of OAM treatment was higher than those of YC treatments and control, but the difference was not significant. At 27-wk-old, arachidonnic acid content in eggs from the birds fed 0.1% OAM diet was significantly higher(P<0.05) than controls. The results of this experiment indicated that dietary organic acid mixture and yeast culture tended to improve the egg Production and internal egg quality.
人物寫眞의 表現方法에 關한 硏究 : 照明과 포즈를 中心으로 focusing on pose & lighting
柳京善,崔君星 中央大學校 韓國藝術硏究所 1987 中央大學校 藝術大學 創論 Vol.6 No.-
Human face has the most individualistic and the most easily discernible characteristics of all parts of our body. What the portrait photographers have attempted for a long time, is not just to reprint human face simply, but to understand and present the person's personalities by catching the moment when the face makes the best of the person's inner side. When studying the past works in the history of photography, We find that the inner emotions and thoughts of a person are expressed by the photographic elements such as pose, lighting, setting, composition, tone, and environment. Pose and lighting, in particular, constitute the main tools of expressing in portrait photography. This paper is a comparative study of the lighting methods used in the contemporary portrait photography & those observed in Fine Art history. It also studies the historical change in the meaning and role of 'pose'(the other major element of portrait photography) by examining a wide range of past photographic works. In general, there are two approaches in portrait photography. The first is the so-called subjective approach. This approach has no direct relation with the model's characteristics or personal attributes. The model is depicted according to the photographer's subjective view and used only as a human object which serves to represent the photographer's inner world. The second is the so-called objective approach. Here, the model is not the means of the photographer's expressing his own view as in the first approach. Instead, the model is chosen because of his special features and characteristics. The model's personalities are expressed either directly through pose and facial expressions or indirectly with the help of environments, other parts of the body, and some special photographic techniques. This is only a limited study of pose & lighting in portrait photography. However, by examining the historical change in photography and by restating its concepts and functions, this research would provide a theoretical foundation for a successful photo-production & image-making and establish portrait photography as one medium of artistic expression.