http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
다문화, 조선족, 한국인 가정 자녀의 안과질환의 임상 양상 비교
문태환(Tae Hwan Moon),최동규(Dong Gyu Choi),배석현(Seok Hyun Bae),최미영(Mi Young Choi) 대한안과학회 2018 대한안과학회지 Vol.59 No.9
목적: 소아안과에 내원한 환아 중 다문화, 조선족, 한국인 가정 자녀를 대상으로, 안과질환이 유전적 요인이나 환경적 요인에 따라 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 소아안과에 처음 방문한 다문화 가정 자녀, 조선족 가정 자녀, 한국인 가정 자녀 각각 40명을 대상으로 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 부모의 국적, 초진 시 나이, 성별, 안과에 내원한 주증상, 시력, 굴절이상, 진단명, 그리고 치료가 필요한 경우 순응도를 조사하여 비교하였다. 결과: 다문화군 중 중국 결혼이주민이 40명 중 14명(35%)으로 가장 많았고, 초진 나이, 성별, 굴절이상, 약시 빈도는 세 군 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 주증상 중 안구위치이상이 다문화군(60%)과 한국인군(50%)에서 조선족군(25%)에 비하여 높았다(p=0.005). 진단명은 다문화군과 한국인군에서는 사시가, 조선족군에서는 근시가 가장 많았다. 각 군별 사시의 빈도는 다문화군에서 유의하게 높았다(다문화군 55%, 한국인군 30%, 조선족군 25%, p=0.003). 그러나 사시의 종류에 따른 빈도는 세 군 사이에 유의한 차이는 없었 다. 내원 중단 빈도는 한국인군에서 가장 높았다(p=0.002). 결론: 다문화 가정 자녀, 조선족 가정 자녀, 한국인 가정 자녀 사이에 안과에 내원하게 된 주증상과 안과질환의 빈도, 순응도에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 보아 유전적 또는 환경적 요인이 복합적으로 영향을 주었을 가능성이 있다. <대한안과학회지 2018;59(9):854-860> Purpose: To explore whether genetic and environmental factors influenced ophthalmic disease among children of multicultural families, ethnic Koreans, and native Koreans. Methods: In this retrospective study, 120 patients who visited the pediatric ophthalmology clinic of a university hospital were included. They were equally divided into three groups: a multicultural group, an ethnic Korean group, and a native Korean group. Parental nationalities, age, gender, chief complaint, visual acuity, refractive error, diagnosis at the initial visit and the extent of compliance with treatment were analyzed. Results: Of the multicultural group, 14 (35%) of 40 patients were Chinese immigrants, and constituted the most common subgroup. None of the age at initial visit, gender, the prevalence of refractive error, or amblyopia status differed significantly among the three groups. In the multicultural and native Korean groups, the proportions of abnormal eye positioning as the chief complaint were higher than that of the ethnic Korean group (p = 0.005). The most common diagnosis in the two former groups was strabismus. Myopia was the most common diagnosis in the ethnic Korean group. The prevalence of strabismus in the multicultural group (55%) was significantly higher than that in the native Korean group (30%) and the ethnic Korean group (20%) (p = 0.003). The prevalence of strabismus in the multicultural group was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.003). However, we found no significant difference in strabismus subtype among the three groups. In the general family group, the extent of loss to follow-up was significantly higher than in the other groups (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The chief complaint, the prevalence of ophthalmic disease, and the compliance rate differed significantly among the three groups. Both genetic and environmental factors may have played a role. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2018;59(9):854-860
고도정수처리 공정에서의 천연유기물질 특성변화 및 소독부산물 전구물질의 제거특성 평가
노재순,손희종,박은주,황영도,최동훈,배석문,신판세 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 2002 環境硏報 Vol.12 No.1
In this research the movement and apparent molecular weight distribution of hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic matters in advanced water treatment process were investigated using the raw water of Maeri area, located in downstream of Nakdong river, and the variation of the disinfection by-product formation potential was also investigated. In the raw water used in experiments, the content of BDOC (biodegradable dissolved organic carbon) in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was about 39%, and this value is far above a normal, Pre-ozone treatment showed an increase of 40% in the BDOC content, and this means that biodegradability was remarkably increased by ozone treatment BDOC concentration in BAC treated water was 0.09 mg/L, which means 84% of BDOC removal rate compared with that in post-ozone treated water. The variation of chlorine disinfection by-product formation potential in each process unit of water treatment process was analyzed. TOXFP concentration in raw water was 449 ㎍/L, and the contents of THMFP and HAAFP among TOXFP were 24% and 23%, respectively. The removabilities of these materials BAC process had an order of TOXFP > HAAFP > THMFP. BAC process was less effective for THMFP than others. The distribution of hydrophilic organic matters were evaluated in each treatment process. Hydrophilic and hydrophobic matters in the raw water had a ratio of 50 : 50, and the ozone treatment decreased the content of hydrophobic matters. The BAC treatment made the ratio 85:15. These mean that the removal of hydrophilic matters is more difficult than that of hydrophobic materials in water treatment process. In addition the portions of humic and fulvic acid in hydrophobic matters were analyzed. Fulvic acid a large portion among hydrophobic matters in the raw water, and the portion was 78%. Ozone treatment was more effective on the removal of fulvic acid than humic acid. After BAC treatment, the concentration of residual fulvic acid was high than humic acid. Chlorine disinfection by-product formation for hydrophilic and hydrophobic mattrts was compared in each process unit. in the raw water TOXFP and THMFP formation for hydrophobic matter was higher, and HAAFP was highly formated for hydrophobic matter. After post-ozone or BAC treatment, chlorine disinfection by-product formation has high potential for hydrophobic matters. Comparing humic and fulvic acids, chlorine disinfection by-product formation potential was higher for humic acid than for fulvic acid in all processes. In the comparison of the reactivity with chlorine disinfection by-product per unit DOC, THMFP and DOXFP showed higher reactivity with hydrophobic matter than with hydrophilic matter in all processes, and HAAFP was highly reacitive with hydrophilic matter. Apparent molecular weight distributions of organic matters were investigated in each process step.The content of low molecular weight organic matters less than 1000 Da in DOC was high in all processes except raw water, but molecular weight organic matters more than 1000 da was higher than molecular weight organic matters less than 1000 Da in the formation potential of chlorine disinfection by-product.