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배동호(D . H . Bae),정근기(K . K . Jung),최창본(C . B . Choi) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.8
Experiments were conducted to know effects of urease supplementation and treatment periods on urea hydrolysis, chemical composition and in vitro DM digestibilities (DDM) of the urea-ammonia treated rice straw. A 4x4 factorial design was used. Four main treatments were: (1) rice straw + urea (T₁); (2) rice straw + soyaurease (T₂); (3) T₁ + soya-urease; (4) T₁ + urease. Four treatments periods were 2, 7, 14 and 21 days. The urea was added in an amount of 6% of the air dried rice straw weight, and moisture contents of the treated materials were around 50%. The test materials were tightly enclosed in small plastic bag and stored in room temperature. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The urea treated rice straw supplemented Soya-urease (T₃) or urease (T₄) showed significantly (P$lt;.05) increased NH₃-N concentration and decreased urea-N concentration compared to without urease (T₁) and only urease (T₂). The Soya-urease supplementation resulted in more urea hydrolysis in comparison to urease. 2. The CWC contents in T₃ were least among urea teeated rice straw, but there was nonsignificant difference (P$lt;.05) among them, The CWC contents in T₂ (only urease) appeared significantly high (P$lt;.05) compared to the other plots. The ADF content was not significantly different among main treatments. 3. The average in vvitro DDM of the T₃ was significantly (P$lt;.05) improved compared to the other test plots. And that of the T4 was higher (P$lt;.05) than T₁, and T₂ was lowest among treatments. 4. The NH₃-N and urea-N concentration in treated materials were significantly (P$lt;.01) influenced by treatment periods. The NH₃-N concentration was increased, and the urea-N concentration decreased with prolonged periods. The CWC, ADF and in vitro DDM, however, did not differ among periods. 5. There were noninteraction appeared between main treatment and periods in all parameters except NH₃-N and urea-N concentrations.
배동호(D . H . Bae),정근기(K . K Jung),최창본(C . B . Choi) 한국축산학회 1988 한국축산학회지 Vol.30 No.10
Six rams (50∼60Kg) fitted with permanent rumen canulae were used in comparison on feed intake, digestibility and chemical characteristics of rumen contents and blood plasma between anhydrous ammonia treated (3%, w/w) rice straw (ATRS) and urea as a source of ammonia treated(6%, w/w) rice straw(UTRS). Animals were fed individually concentrate and treated rice straw twice daily. Concentrate was fed as 1% of body weight throughout the experiment. But the straw was given ad libitum during the first 14 days, and was adjusted for the digestibility period. The results obtained were as follows; 1. The rams fed ATRS increased straw intake and digestibilities of dry matter, crude fiber, CWC and ADF compared to the UTRS. The digestibility of crude protein of the UTRS was higher than that of the ATRS. 2. The diurnal pattern of the PH in rumen juice did not differ between two treatments. 3. The NH₃-N concentrations in rumen contents of the UTRS at 1 hour after feeding intake appeared higher compared to that of the ATRS. The diurnal pattern, however, showed trends to be similar in both treatments. 4. The diurnal patterns of the individual VFA concentration in rumen contents except butyrate were similar between treatments. The butyrate levels of the UTRS showed significantly lower compared to the ATRS at just before feeding, and 3 and 6 hours after feeding. 5. The NH₃-N and Urea-N concentration levels in blood plasma of the UTRS appeared significantly higher compared to that of the ATRS. But it was not enough to reach toxic levels.
볏짚 가공사료의 개발을 위한 연구 2 . 면양에 대한 볏짚 가공사료의 사료섭취량 , 소화율 및 VFA 조성에 미치는 영향
한인규,최윤재,류연선,김창원,배동호,맹원재,오대균 ( I . K . Han,Y . J . Choi,Y . S . Ryu,C . W . Kim,D . H . Bae,W . J . Maeng,D . K . Ohh ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3
This experiment was conducted to examine feed intake, digestibility and volatile fatty acid (V FA) composition of ruminal juice of NaOH treated rice straw or NaOH treated rice straw pellet through digestibility experiment and the determination of ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid pattern for lamb. Tweleve male lambs weighing 45 ㎏ on average body weight were divided into 4 treatments i.e. control group (raw rice straw chopped in 5 ㎝), 1% NaOH treated group, 3.5% NaOH treated pellet A group (1.7-1.8 ㎝ in diameter and 4.5㎝ in length) and 3.5% NaOH treated pellet B group (2.4 ㎝-2.5 ㎝ in diameter and 3-4 ㎝ in length). Among 12 lambs, 8 lambs were used for digestion trial and 4 fistulated lambs were used for measuring the VFA pattern and changes in pH of rumen juice. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The daily rice straw feed intake of lambs fed rice straw pellet B (806 g/day) and rice straw pellet A (767 g/day) was higher than that of NaOH treated rice straw (679 g/day) or control group (396 g/day). 2. Digestibilities of dry matter, C. Protein, C. fiber and NFE in rice straw pellet B were the highest and that of untreated straw was lowest. Digestibilities of crude fiber and NFE in rice straw pellet A were higher than those of NaOH treated rice straw. However, the opposite trend were shown in those of dry matter, crude fat and crude protein. The contents of DCP and TDN of rice straw pellet B (1.42%, 51.39%) were highest and those of untreated straw (0.39%, 41.58%) were the lowest. 3. The total VFA production of rumen juice was the highest in NaOH treated rice straw pellet A group (101.93 m M/l) and was the lowest in control group (88.39 m M/l). In change of VFA. production, NaOH treated rice straw pellet A and B groups showed the peak at one hour after feeding and was half hour in NaOH treated rice straw. But control group was decreased for one hour. No significant difference was found in pH change of rumen juice collected. According to the present results, NaOH treated with or without palleting the rice straw is considered to be an improved source roughage for the ruminant animals.
면양에 대한 국산옥수수 펠릿트의 성장능력 , 소화율 및 제1위내 VFA조성에 미치는 영향
최윤재,육종융,한인규,류연선,배동호 ( Y . J . Choi,C . Y . Yuk,I . K . Han,Y . S . Ryu,D . H . Bae ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.4
This experiment was conducted for a period of 140 days to evaluate feeding values, digestibility and volatile fatty acid (VFA) composition of ruminal juice of whole corn crop pellet and corn ear with husk pellet through feeding trial, digestibility experiment and the determination of ruminal pH and volatile fatty acid pattern for lamb. Twelve male lambs weighing 30㎏ in initial body weight were divided into 4 treatments i.e. control, whole corn crop pellet, corn ear with husk pellet and rice straw pellet group. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The body weight gain of lambs fed whole corn crop pellet (1,254.8g) and corn ear with husk pellet group (1,253.9g) was higher than that of rice straw pellet fed group (1,194.3g) or control group. And control group (974.7g) was the lowest. The body weight gain of whole corn crop pellet group was significantly (p$lt;0.05) heavier than that of control group. While, there were no significant differences among the other treatments. Daily dry matter consumption and feed efficiency showed the same tendency as the body weight gain. 2. Digestibilities of the dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract (NFE) in the corn pellets were lower than those in the commercial formula feed, but were higher or slightly lower than those in hay or rice straw pellet. While, crude fat digestibilities of corn pellets were the highest among treatments. Digestible crude protein contents of the whole com crop pellet and corn ear with husk pellet were found to be 5.86 and 6.59%, respectively. Total digestible nutrients (TDN) values of the whole corn crop pellet (62.74%) and corn ear with husk pellet (69.00%) were lower than that of commercial formula feed (72.26%), but higher than that of hay (59.61%) by 3-9%. 3. The changes in ruminal VFA production in molar % were characterized by 4-5% decrease in acetate production and 3-4% and 2-3% increases in propionate and butyrate production during 20 days after feeding the experimental feed, but were not affected by treatments. Tonal VFA production of corn pellet groups was higher than that of rice straw pellet or control group. The ruminal pH was decreased from 0 day to 10 days after feeding experimental diets, but was not changed thereafter regardless of treatments. According to the results of obtained from the present studies, it could be suggested that the use of whole corn crop pellet and corn ear with husk pellet may be used as a combined feed of roughage and grains for ruminant animals and will also help to contribute the use of self produced feedsruffs.
초피 Oleoresin 제조시 용매에 따른 추출물특성과 추출조건에 따른 휘발성 성분 변화
허상선(Sang-Sun Hur),배동호(Dong-Ho Bae),김상욱(Sang-Uk Kim),최용희(Yong-Hee Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 1998 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.27 No.3
새로운 향신료의 개발을 위한 초피 oleoresin 제조를 위해 용매에 따른 추출특성과 추출조건에 따른 휘발성 성분변화에 대해 실험을 하였다. Oleoresin 추출시, soluble solid 수율은 용매의 극성에 따라 많은 변화가 있었다. 즉, 지방성분을 많이 함유한 종실은 비극성용매에서, 수용성 색소를 많이 함유한 과피는 극성용매에서 soluble solid 수율이 높았고, 극성이 중간인 dichloromethane과 acetone은 과실과, 종실 모두에서 soluble solid 수율이 높은 편이었다. 향기성분 추출에서 비극성 용매는 limonene과 같은 monoterpene계 휘발성 성분을 상대적으로 많이 추출하였고 극성용매는 oxygenated terpene계 휘발성 물질을 많이 추출하였다. 휘발성 성분 수율에서는 dichloromethane을 용매로 사용하였을 경우가 다른 6가지 용매를 사용하였을 때에 비해 가장 높게 나타났다. 종합적으로 dichloromethane을 사용 용매로 하여 온도, 시간 용매와의 혼합비, 입자크기와 같은 추출조건에 따른 휘발성 성분 수율에서 과피의 경우 25℃, 10분, 1 : 10(w/v), 355~250㎛에서 가장 높았으며, 종실의 경우는 30℃, 10분, 1 : 8(w/v), 355~250㎛에서 가장 수율이 높았다. Such extraction conditions as the kinds of solvent, extracting temperature, extracting time, ratio of material to solvent and particle size of material, were studied to maximize the extraction of oleoresin from chopi. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from seeds with nonpolar solvents (hexane, pentane, ether) for extraction, because the seeds contained large amount of crude fats and monoterpene(limonene) volatile compounds. Larger amount of soluble solids were extracted from peel with polar solvents(methanol, ethanol) for extraction because of large amount of water soluble colors, sugars and oxygenated terpene volatile compounds in the peel. The application of the solvents in intermediate polarity(dichloromethane, acetone) resulted in more effective extraction of soluble solid and volatile compounds. Especially, dichloromethane was an excellent solvent in extraction of volatile compounds. In the concern of volatile compound recovery yield, the optimum extraction conditions, such as temperature, time, mixing ratio of material to dichloromethane and mean particle size, were 25℃, 10min, 1 : 10(w/v), 355~250㎛ for chopi peels and 30℃, 10min., 1 : 8(w/v), 355~250㎛ for chopi seeds, respectively.
볏짚 가공사료의 개발을 위한 연구 1 . 육성우와 착유우 ( 搾乳牛 ) 에 대한 볏짚가공사료의 사료적 가치에 관한 연구
한인규,남두석,최윤재,오대균,김창원,배동호,맹원재 ( I . K . Han,D . S . Nam,Y . J . Choi,D . K . Oh,C . W . Kim,D . H . Bae,W . J . Maeng ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.3
This experiment was conducted to estimate the effects of NaOH treatment with or without pelleting the rice straw for Holstein heifers and lactating cows through feeding trials for 105 days. For two feeding trials, 20 heifers weighting approximately 283 ㎏ and 20 lactating cows producing 20.5 ㎏ of milk and weighing 539 ㎏ on the average were divided 4 groups i.e., control group (raw rice straw chopped in 5 ㎝), 1% NaOH treated group, 3.5% NaOH treated pellet A group (1.7-1.8 ㎝ in diameter and 4-5 ㎝ in length) and 3.5% NaOH treated pellet B group (2.4 ㎝-2.5 ㎝ in diameter and 3.5 ㎝ in length). The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. In heifer, the average daily gain (ADG), the average daily rice straw intake (ADRSI), and the total daily feed intake (TDFI), respectively, for the various groups were as follows (1) 0.46, 0.89, 6.05 ㎏ (2) 0.49, 1.01, 6.20 ㎏, (3) 0.64, 1.84, 7.19 ㎏, (4) 0.56, 1.84, 7.10 ㎏. Significant differences were noted in ADG or TDFI (p$lt;0.05) and ADRSI (p$lt;0.01). 2. In lactating cow, for the respective treatments, milk production amounted to 14.67, 16.29, 16.52 and 17.84 ㎏; fat content in milk was 3.93, 3.72, 4.09 and 3.68%. However, no statistical differences were shown among groups. Total daily feed intake and the daily rice straw intake were the same tendency to milk production.