컴퓨터 법에 있어서의 책임에 관한 연구

鄭鎭世,鄭在晃,方碩皓,河泰勳,李成德,崔鳳哲 홍익대학교 1995 弘大論叢 Vol.27 No.-

This paper, coauthored by Chin-Se Chung, as well as other 5 faculty members at Hong-Ik University Department of Law (Jea-Hwang Jeong, Suk-Ho Bang, Tae-Hoon Ha, Seong-Deog Yi and Bong-Chul Choi), deals with liability issuses surrounding constitutional law, administrative law, civil law (contracts, torts), commercial law, criminal law, international law and philosophy & law. Professor of Law Jea-Hwang Jeong makes a comparative analysis of privacy protection and disclosure of information legal issues, appeared at current Korean law and draft of law in case of the latter one. He suggestes some desirable ways of legislation through revision process and operation of legal rules at his paper. Professor of Law Suk-Ho Bang makes a brief survey of civil liability issues arising out of contracts and torts in English and American law, first. He tries to show that many Parts of arguments in such legal world are attributed to Statute of Frauds tradition, unique to such legal world. New developments in the area of torts, including computer malpractice and computer virus, are shown and analysed in terms of application possibility under our current law. But, as even the Anglo-American courts are found very reluctant to accept those arguments as new grounds for torts liability, it seems more plausible and practicable to refer to contractual approach, basically, rather than to torts approach even under English American law. Professor of Law Chin-Se Chung suggests in his paper on EFT that the allocation of liability under EFT be made under the new and most relevant principle, working for useful transmission way of fund, not solely under traditional legal principles. If such new principle works with high return of risk to users, it makes imminent problems against the goats of consumer protection, and eventually will be hardly refered to. Conversely, if it requires too much sacrifice from the side of banks, then the convenience in such system will not be utilized. So, it may be natural that EFT be discarded even without proper functioning under market system. In conclusion, Professor Chung points out that, only when banks fond that the economy out of cost-saving at tasks outweighs the risk undertaken by the banks, the banks will operate the system. But, if this system makes more return of benefits to the banks with the burden of users, it is against the idea of equity. Consequently, the banks should bear the aggeviated risks in return for the cost saved under this system Professor of Law Tae-Hoon Ha focuses his research paper on criminal liability under EFT. He draws his conclusion out of current criminal statutes that illegal fund transfer under automatic teller machines, cash cards and information system can not be penalized due to lack of proper statutory provision. So, the criminal provision on computer crime, newly made on December of 1995, can be positively appreciated. But, he anticipates that the question whether such new provision will be successful in regulating all illegal activites at fund transfor system without any operation defects in criminal code, or will cause new problem in interpretation of criminal code remains unsolved. Professor of Law Seong-Deog Yi examines the international legal issues which may be given rise to by direct satellite broadcasting. In his paper, the issue of national jurisdiction in relation to direct satellite broadcasting is firstly dealt with. Secondly, the possible ways in which direct satellite broadcasting is regulated by international law are examined with special emphasis of two different approaches, that is, freedom of information approach and state sovereignty approach. In this context, many international conventions concerning direct satellite broadcasting in Particular, and international regulatory regime of outer space in general are broadly reviewed. Thirdly, the types of activities which may be a violation of international legal regime of direct satellite broadcasting are suggested and the possible lethal remedies for these violations are proposed with the traditional international state responsibility law in mind. Professor of Law Bong-Chul Choi explores the relations of computerized society to its laws throughout his paper as a kind of conclusion of this whole paper. Computerized society is one that the technical, scientific, informational knowledge prevails. With correspondence to the structural change in knowledge, the law of such a society has suffered transformation, and the knowledge and techniques distributing and computing legal responsibility has also changed. However, he does not insist that the diffusion of technical knowledge is the sole factor of the transformation of legal responsibility. It is only one of the various factors. Moreover, he does not deny the continuation between the classical techniques distributing legal responsibility and the contemporary ones. In this era, the law realizes fairness and community values at the expense of singularities. In addition, he proposes that legal scholars take the diagnosis of law from the perspective of the technology/knowledge shifts seriously.

원위피판과 이개연골을 이용한 외이재건치험례

최광배,민대홍,윤진호,김승홍 大韓成形外科學會 1982 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.9 No.2

The auricle, diverging from the side of the head, consists of a delicate shell of elastric cartilage between the anterior and posterior of the thin skins. Thus, a radiacl chage in the outlook for the results of ear reconstruction has occured in recent years due to the delicate anatomical specificity. Inspite of the challenge of the many plastic surgeons, successful resconstruction of acquired defects may be extrimely difficult or impossible- especially, in patients who have suffered total traumatic loss of the auricle in which the local soft tissues are destroyed or deeply scarred. We experienced the case of total auricular loss with severe periauricular abrasion and dirty tattooing, and can obtained successful total ear reconstuction using buried cartilage and the distant flap.

Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior in Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steel

Ho,Kyung Kim,Myung-Il Choi,Chin-Sung Chung Dong-Hyuk Shin 대한기계학회 2002 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.16 No.10

Ultrafine grained (UFG) low carbon (0.15 wt.% C) steel produced by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was tested for investigating the effect of load ratio on the fatigue crack growth rate. Fatigue crack growth resistance and threshold of UFG steel were lower than that of as-received coarse grained steel. It was attributed to the less tortuous crack path. The UFG steel exhibited slightly higher crack growth rates and a lower △K_th with an increase of R ratio. The R ratio effect on crack growth rates and △K_th was basically indistinguishable at lower load ratio (R>0.3), compared to other alloys, which indicates that contribution of the crack closure vanishes. The crack growth rate curve for UFG steel exhibited a longer linear extension to the lower growth rate regime than that for the coarse grained as-received steel.<br/>

정보화사회에서의 상업교육

김창호,최종열,김진욱 부산대학교 사범대학 1996 교사교육연구 Vol.32 No.-

Today's business education is characterized both vocational business education and general education. Specialization as vocational business education and generalization with articulation from kindergarten to post secondary education are essential for manpower training on demand of information society. So, to educate information technology which is a basic element of information society is essential to guarantee both specialization and generalization. Information technology is being emerge as various forms - 'on-line' education 'on-line' university edu-port virtual classroom - in most areas of education. So, to teach information technology in secondary school is very important from this point of view of future human resource development. To make subjects of information technology (IT) and to educate IT are mainly charged by 'business education department' is a today's trend. Therefore schools that have provided education for and about business must be changed to meet the needs of information society.

中國 華北地區 南部(陝西省) · 華中地區 西部(四川省)의 植物調査

張珍成,崔虎,全正壹,李興洙,金輝,張桂羨 서울대학교 수목원 2005 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.25

본 연구팀은 중국 화북지구 남부(陜西) 및 화중지역 서부(四川)에 해당하는 지역의 온대 및 한대식물 자원 확보를 목표로 섬서성 남부 지역의Mt. Taibai(太白山)과 Mt. Qinling(秦嶺) 등지 및 四川 중서부지역의 XiaoJin-xian, Li-xian, Maerkang, Dujiangyan 등지의 자연식생 보존 상태가 우수한 산림 및 자연식생 보전 지역에서 7월에 1차 11일간 (陜西), 9월에 2차 9일간(四川) 조사를 실시하였다. 1차 조사에는 중국 측 4명, 한국 측 5명 등 총 9명이 현지 조사에 참여하였으며, 2차 조사에는 중국 측 2명, 한국 측 5명 등 총 7명이 참여하였다. 조사를 위해 이동한 총 거리는 1차 조사 약 600km, 2차 조사 약 1,200km였다. 조사 지역의 해발은 섬서성 1,500-2,500m, 사천성 1,800m-4,500m 지역으로써 온난대 혼효림, 온대 낙엽활엽수림, 침엽혼효림 및 아고산대 초원까지 다양한 식생 분포를 나타내었다. 1차 조사에서는 예비 조사의 성격을 포함하였으므로 이들 지역 모두를 조사하였고 2차 조사에서는 해발 3,000m 전후 지역의 온대 낙엽활엽수림 지역에서 집중적으로 자원 확보에 주력하였다. 본 조사 결과 陜西에서 51과 112속 179분류군에 대한 46점의 생체 및 종자를 확보하였으며, 四川에서 27과 41속 65분류군에 대한 63점의 생체 및 종자를 확보하여, 총 52과 114속 232분류군의 식물에 대한 표본 및 종자·생체를 확보하였다. 陜西 지역에서 확보한 주요 식물 자원은 Angelica 및 Populus속의 다수 종과 Triosteum pinnatifidum, Maddenia hypoleuca, Eleutherococcus giraldii, Angelica polymorpha 등 이었으며, 四川 지역에서 확보한 주요 식물 자원은 Acer, Berberis, Cotoneaster, Syringa, Sorbus 등이었다. 본 조사 결과 중국 화북지구 및 화중지역 전체와 비교할 때 상대적으로 좁은 지역만을 조사하였지만 큰 성과를 얻을 수 있었던 것은 陜西 및 四川 지역의 식물상이 매우 풍부하였던 것뿐만 아니라 다음과 같은 요소들이 복합적으로 작용한 것으로 판단된다. 첫째, 사업 목표의 구체화를 통한 조사원들의 협력 및 효율적 조사 수행을 유도하였다. 둘째, 현지 파트너의 우수한 역량을 바탕으로 조사 대상지의 선정 및 조사 수행이 원활하였다. 셋째, 충분한 사전 조사를 통해 상대적으로 좁은 지역에서 짧은 시간을 들여 효율적으로 자원을 확보할 수 있었다. 이들 내용은 향후 본 사업과 관련된 계속 사업에 적용할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. This study was carried to investigate the flora of Shaanxi in southern China (Mt. Taibai, and Mt. Qinling) and Sichuan in western China (Xiaojin-xian, Li-xian, Maerkang, and Dujiangyan). The main purposes of this study were to obtain specimens, seeds and living collections with passport data for the potential use. This exploration was the forth of our whole research regarding the investigation of the flora of eastern Asia. The expedition was carried out by a team of scientists from T. B, Lee Herbarium, Seoul National University (SNUA), and Institute of Botany in Beijing (PE). This cooperation insured involvement by both Chinese and Korean experts in all targeted taxonomic groups, and was essential to successful execution of field studies in China. Field survey was carried out two times in July and September, 2005. We were primarily interested in areas between 1,500m and 2,500m altitude of Shaanxi and around 3,000m of Sichuan in order to collect cool and cold temperate woody taxa. The results obtained from this study were as followed: 1) vascular plants specimens were about 1,000 collections. 51 families, 112 genera and 179 taxa in Shaanxi area and about 200 collections, 27 families, 41 genera and 65 taxa in Sichuan area, 2) living collections were 46 taxa in Shaanxi area and 63 taxa in Sichuan area. Major seed and herbarium collections included genera Angelica, and Populus and Triosteum pinnatifidum, Maddenia hypoleuca, Eleutherococcus giraldii, Angelica polymorpha, and etc. in Shaanxi area and genera Acer, Berberis, Cotoneaster, Syringa, Sorbus, Spiraea, Rhododendron, Cotoneaster, Prunus, Zanthoxylum, Lonicera, Rosa, and Euonymus in Sichuan area.

익산시 유역 하천의 저질토내 중금속 함량에 관한 연구

소진탁,최민규,문연자,이정호,유일수,류문희 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 1999 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.1

정보기술교육을 중심으로한 상업교육의 발전방향

김창호,최종열,김진욱 부산대학교 사범대학 1996 교사교육연구 Vol.33 No.-

익산 유역 하천의 수질내 중금속 함량에 관한 연구

소진탁,최민규,문연자,이정호,유일수,류문희 원광대학교 환경과학연구소 1999 環境科學硏究誌 Vol.8 No.1

Effects of 17β-estradiol on colorectal cancer development after azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium treatment of ovariectomized mice

Song, Chin-Hee,Kim, Nayoung,Lee, Sun Min,Nam, Ryoung Hee,Choi, Soo In,Kang, So Ra,Shin, Eun,Lee, Dong Ho,Lee, Ha-Na,Surh, Young-Joon Elsevier 2019 Biochemical pharmacology Vol.164 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Estrogen is known to have a protective effect in colorectal cancer (CRC) development. Previously, we reported the anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic effects of 17β-estradiol (E2) in azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated male mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ovariectomy in a female AOM/DSS mouse model increases colorectal tumorigenesis and whether tumorigenesis is reduced by estrogen supplementation after ovariectomy. Clinical symptoms and histological severity of colitis and the levels of inflammatory mediators were evaluated in the colon of AOM/DSS-treated ovariectomized (OVX) mice. The levels of E2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and NF-κB-dependent cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6) were measured by ELISA. Furthermore, quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR and Western blot analysis were performed. Ovariectomy did not aggravate AOM/DSS-induced colitis at 2 weeks. At weeks 10 and 16, ovariectomy significantly increased tumor number and incidence rate in only the proximal colon after AOM/DSS treatment (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS), and these increases were significantly reduced by E2 supplementation (OVX_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS/E2). However, ovariectomy did not affect CRC development in the distal colon (F_AOM/DSS vs OVX_AOM/DSS). At week 2, E2 administration to AOM/DSS-treated OVX mice attenuated the histological severity of colitis by decreasing the protein and/or mRNA levels of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and NF-κB-related mediators (i.e., COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6) and by enhancing estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression and the mRNA expression of related antioxidant enzyme genes (i.e., HO-1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1). Endogenous estrogen in females protects against the development of proximal colon cancer, and exogenous E2 replacement in OVX female mice showed protective effects against AOM/DSS-induced colitis and carcinogenesis. The mechanism could involve modulating ERs-, NF-κB- and Nrf2-mediated pathways.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

급성기 중대뇌동맥부 허혈성 뇌졸중의 초기 CT 소견에 관한 연구

최낙천,이광호,정진상 대한신경과학회 1996 대한신경과학회지 Vol.14 No.4