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이규방(Kyu Bang Lee),박헌주(Hun Joo Park) 한국지역학회 1986 지역연구 Vol.2 No.-
This paper aims to verify the localities in housing market thereby providing the ground for the effective implementation of housing policies. Up to now, housing policies have been implemented under the implicit assumption that housing market is homogenious nationwide. This results in both the ineffectiveness of the policies and the inefficiency of resourece allocation. So, it is of considerable interest to analyse each sub-market. This paper analyses the local housing market using the data from the 1984 Housing Survey conducted by the Korea Research Institute for Human Settlements. Major findings of this analysis are as follows. First, all cities have, in common, the problems of housing shortage and overcrowdedness. Especially, small-to-medium sized cities have poor qualities of housing. Second, in large cities and satellite cities, housing price is very high and housing quality is relatively preferred to the housing quantity. Thrid, in small-to-medium sized cites, rent is comparatively high and quantity of housing is relatively preferred to the housing quality. Fourth, price of dwelling service is high in large/satellite cities but is low in small -to-medium sized cities. Fifth, the income and price elasticity for the housing demand varies significantly across the cities. These differences in housing characteristics and the housing demand among cities implies that policy makers should take into account the localities. To say in a word, bottom-up approach must be made in drawing up the nationwide housing construction plan to take into account of the substantially different housing characteristics of each city. The differentiated policies should also be taken by regions with respect to the following factors such as size and tenure types of the house, housing loan condition, and the land supply of housing construction.
Mycophenolic Acid와 Rapamycin이 흰쥐 사구체 혈관간세포증식과 세포외기질 생성에 미치는 영향
김명수,박제현,하헌주,허규하,서지연,김유선,김혜진,박기일 이화여자대학교 약학연구소 2004 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.14
Background: Excess proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation of mesenchymal cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and glomerular mesangial cells cause chronic allograft nephropathy showing transplant vascular sclerosis and glomerulosclerosis. Mycophenolic acid (MPA) and rapamycin (RPM) are well known as strong inhibitors of VSMC proliferation, but their effects on the glomerular mesangial cells are not yet clearly understood. This study examined the effects of MPA or RPM on PDGF-induced proliferation and ECM accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells. Methods: Mesangial cells isolated from the glomeruli of Sprague-Dawley rats were cultured with DMEM containing 20% fetal bovine serum. Growth arrested and synchronized cells were administered with test drugs (MPA10 nM-10μM, RPM 0.1 nM-1μM) before the addition of PDGF 10 ng/mL. Cell proliferation was assessed by [³H]thymidine incorporation, collagen by [³H]proline incorporation, and fibronectin, ERK, and p38 MAPK by Western blot analysis. Results: PDGF increased mesangial cell proliferation by 4.64-fold. Compared to stimulated control, MPA above 500 nM and RPM above 10nM showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner. The IC_(50) of MPA and RPM against PDGF-induced mesangial cell proliferation were around 500 nM and 100 nM, respectively. The collagen synthesis was also inhibited by MPA and RPM, but the fibronectin secretion was inhibited by MPA alone. The proliferation of mesangial cell correlated with activation of ERK and. p38 MAPK. MPA, but not RPM, inhibited ERK and p38 MAPK activation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that MPA and RPM significantly inhibited PDGF-induced proliferation and ECM production in rat glomerular mesangial cells. The inhibitory effects of MPA, but not RPM, are correlated with ERK and p38 MAPK.