배연가스의 $NO_x$제거용 코로나 방전장치에서 OH 발광 스펙트럼 측정 및 관련 반응 연구

박철웅,한재원,신동남,Park, Chul-Woung,Hahn, Jae-Won,Shin, Dong-Nam 한국연소학회 1999 한국연소학회지 Vol.4 No.1

We constructed a wire-cylinder type pulsed corona discharge system for $NO_x$ removal, which was operated in room temperature. A emission spectrometer was built with a boxcar averager and monochrometer equipped with photo-multiplier tube detector. The sensitivity of the emission spectrometer was greatly improved by synchronizing the emission spectrometer with pulsed corona discharge system using a triggered spark-gap switch. $N_2$ spectrum($c^3{\Pi}_u{\rightarrow}X^1{\Sigma}_g{^+}$) was measured in the range of 300 - 450 nm and oxidizing OH radical emission($A^2{\Sigma}^+{\rightarrow}X^2{\Pi}$) was measured in case $N_2$ was supplied with water bubbling. As wet gas composition of inlet $N_2$ supplied in the discharge system increased, the intensity of OH emission was increased and saturated at wet gas composition 50%. We also investigated additive effect of $C_2H_4,\;H_2O,\;H_2O_2$ on the intensity of OR emission and $NO/NO_2/NO_x$ reduction and analysed the related reaction mechanism in corona discharge process. $H_2O_2$ additive increased the intensity of OH emission and $NO/NO_x$ reduction.

LPG 액상분사식 인젝터에서 후적에 의한 아이싱 특성 연구

박철웅,김창업,최교남,강건용,Park, Cheol-Woong,Kim, Chang-Up,Choi, Kyo-Nam,Kang, Kern-Yong 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.15 No.5

Since the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) system has an advantage of higher power and lower emission characteristics than the mixer type fuel supply system, many studies and applications have been conducted. However, the heat extraction, due to the evaporation of liquid fuel, causes not only a dropping of LPG fuel but also icing phenomenon that is a frost of moisture in the air around the nozzle tip. Because both lead to a difficulty in the control of accurate air fuel ratio, it can result in poor engine performance and a large amount of HC emissions. The experimental investigation was carried out on the bench test rig in this study. It was found that n-butane, that has a relatively high boiling point($-0.5^{\circ}C$), was a main species of droplet composition and also found that the droplet problem was improved by the use of a large inner to outer bore ratio nozzle whose surface roughness is smooth. The icing phenomena were decreased when the an engine head temperature was increased, although a large amount of icing deposit was still observed in the case of $87^{\circ}C$. Also, it was observed that the icing phenomenon is improved by using anti-icing bushing.

천연가스 엔진에서 암모니아 연료 적용성 평가

박철웅(Cheolwoong Park),오세철(Sechul Oh) 한국연소학회 2021 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.2021 No.11

초희박 LPG 직접분사식 엔진에서 질소산화물 저감을 위한 배기재순환 적용성 평가

박철웅(Cheolwoong Park),조시현(Seehyeon Cho),김태영(Taeyoung Kim),조규백(Gyubaek Cho),이장희(Janghee Lee) 한국가스학회 2015 한국가스학회지 Vol.19 No.4

LPG가 수송용 연료로서 경쟁력을 유지하기 위해서는 지속적인 기술개발을 통해 휘발유와의 연비격차를 감소시키고 후처리시스템 등에 의한 가격 부담을 낮추어야 한다. 이에 본 연구에서는 안정적인 희박연소 구현을 통한 연비개선을 얻기 위해 실린더 중앙에 점화플러그와 연료분사기가 인접해 있고, 연료가 분사된 후 바로 점화가 이루어지도록 하는 분무유도방식의 LPG 직접분사엔진을 개발의 일환으로 연소제어인자의 변화에 따른 연소 특성을 분석하였다. 안정적인 연소를 위해 국부적으로 농후한 혼합기를 형성하는 성층희박연소의 특성상 일정 수준이상의 질소산화물이 배출되는 문제점을 갖고 있다. 질소산화물 저감을 위해 EGR을 적용한 결과 연료소비율과 THC의 배출은 약간 증가하지만 NOx배출은 약 15% 저감되었다. EGR 적용에 의한 연소속도의 감소는 초기 화염발달 시기에 집중되어 나타났으며 흡입공기의 희석효과에 의해 EGR율이 증가할수록 최대 열방출율 및 열방출율 증가 기울기가 감소하였다. In order to keep the competitiveness of LPG fuel for transportation fuel, the difference in fuel consumption with gasoline and cost for an aftertreatment system should be reduced with continuous development of technology for LPG engine. In the present study, spray-guided type direct injection combustion system, whose configuration is composed of direct injector in the vicinity of spark plug, was employed to realize stable lean combustion. A certain level of nitrogen oxides(NOx) emits due to a locally rich mixture regions in the stratified mixture. With the application of EGR system for the reduction of NOx, 15% of NOx reduction was achieved whereas fuel consumption and hydrocarbon emission increased. By the application of EGR, the combustion speed reduced especially appeared at initial flame development period and peak heat release rates and increasing rates for heat release rate decreased as EGR rate increased due to the dilution effect of intake air.

토드 헤인즈 작품 분석

박철웅(Park Chur-Woong) 한국영화학회 2004 영화연구 Vol.0 No.23

Todd Haynes is an American independent filmmaker who is known as symbol of queer movie in Korea. When his 4th feature length film, "Far from heaven" was screened in the late of 2003 years, There were two opposite point of view about the film in Korea. One is the people who like the film as very intelligent, elegant melodrama, the other is the people who were disappointed at the film because they were look forward to controversial queer film which Todd Haynes had before. However, It was the mistake based on which they haven't had enough information about him and his works. He is very talented to pick up the subjects which are most sensitive in certain society, rime and most of his subjects are something new against old in society Queer issue is also one of them. His previous films were destructive, liberal and difficult to understand in form, Currently, it becomes more narrative, conventional and moderate. However, it doesn't mean that he give up his 'subversion' . He want to use certain former form no attack more effectively, essentially.

구조변화 이후 산업용 천연가스 수요함수의 추정

박철웅(Choel-Wung Park),박철호(Cheol-Ho Park) 한국산업경제학회 2018 산업경제연구 Vol.31 No.4

본 연구는 최근의 월별 시계열 자료를 이용하여 오차수정모형을 통해 산업용 천연가스의 전국 및 권역별 수요함수를 추정하였다. 구체적으로, 최근의 구조변화시점(2012년 5월) 이후 시계열 자료에 대해 공적분 기법(FM-OLS)을 적용하여 전국과 권역별 가격 및 소득탄력성을 추정하고, 오차수정모형을 통해 기존연구에서 사용된 모형과의 예측오차를 비교하였다. 구조변화시점 이후에는 산업용 천연가스 소비에 대한 거시경제변수의 영향이 크게 감소한 것으로 나타났기 때문에, 석유류 대비 산업용 천연가스의 상대가격, 기온효과, 가스수요산업지수 등으로 설명변수를 구성하였다. 공적분 회귀모형으로 전국 수요함수를 추정한 결과, 소득탄력성과 가격탄력성은 비탄력적이었으며 각각 0.465와 –0.227로 나타났다. 권역별 수요함수의 경우 상대가격은 수도권의 산업용 천연가스 소비에 영향을 미치지 못하였으며, 소득탄력성은 수도권이 지방권에 비해 작은 반면 기온효과는 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 또한 오차수정모형을 이용한 표본외 예측실험 결과, 전국 수요함수에 대한 월별 평균예측오차율(1.7%)이 기존의 다중회귀모형의 평균예측오차율(6.0%)에 비해 크게 개선된 것으로 나타났다. This study estimates the demand function of industrial natural gas by country and region through error correction models. Specifically, we estimate the price and income elasticities of the nation and the region by applying the cointegration method(FM-OLS) to the time series data since the recent structural change(May 2012). As the impact of macroeconomic variables on industrial natural gas consumption has greatly decreased since the time of structural change, explanatory variables were composed of relative prices of industrial natural gas compared to petroleum, temperature effect, the gas demand industry index, etc. As a result of estimating the national demand function as a cointegration regression model, income elasticity and price elasticity appeared to be inelastic by 0.465 and -0.227, respectively. In the case of demand function by region, the relative price has no effect on the industrial natural gas consumption in the metropolitan area, and the income elasticity in the metropolitan area is smaller than that in the local area. But the temperature effect is larger in the metropolitan area. In addition, the result of an out-of-sample experiment for the aggregate demand function indicated that the mean absolute percentage error(1.7%) of the error correction model was much smaller than that(6.0%) of the conventional multiple regression model.

다층신경망을 이용한 얼굴 검색 알고리즘

박철웅(Chul-Woong Park),이인범(In-Bum Lee),이병용(Byong-Yong Lee),박수봉(Soo-Bong Park) 한국멀티미디어학회 1999 한국멀티미디어학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.1999 No.2

초희박 직접분사식 가솔린 엔진용 삼원촉매의 운전조건에 따른 배기저감 특성

박철웅(Cheol Woong Park),이선엽(Sun Youp Lee),이의형(Ui Hyung Yi),이장희(Jang Hee Lee) 대한기계학회 2015 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.39 No.9

세계적으로 유가 상승에 따른 내연기관의 에너지 변환 효율을 높이고자 하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 가솔린엔진에서 높은 열효율을 실현하기 위해서는 희박연소에 의한 비열비의 증가 및 단열화염온도의 저감에 의한 열효율 향상이 필수적이다. 직접분사식 가솔린 엔진은 연료를 직접 연소실에 공급하고 정밀한 연소제어를 통해 희박 연소가 가능하게 하지만 희박연소 한계의 확대와 안정된 희박연소제어가 요구된다. 희박연소 엔진에 대한 삼원촉매의 배출가스 저감특성은 높은 공기과잉률 및 낮은 배기가스 온도로 인해 매우 제한적이다. 이에 효과적인 삼원촉매의 개발을 위해 승용 차량용 엔진의 주요 연비시험 운전조건인 2000 rpm BMEP 2bar 조건에서 공기과잉률의 변화에 따른 배출가스 반응 및 생성 특성을 비교하였다. 희박연소 조건에서 NO₂가 생성되었으며, NO₂의 비율은 공기과잉률이 증가할수록 증가하고 N₂O는 감소하였다. Recently, because of the increased oil prices globally, there have been studies investigating the improvement of fuel-conversion efficiency in internal combustion engines. The improvements realized in thermal efficiency using lean combustion are essential because they enable us to realize higher thermal efficiency in gasoline engines because lean combustion leads to an increase in the heat-capacity ratio and a reduction of the combustion temperature. Gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines enable lean combustion by injecting fuel directly into the cylinder and controlling the combustion parameters precisely. However, the extension of the flammability limit and the stabilization of lean combustion are required for the commercialization of GDI engines. The reduction characteristics of three-way catalysts (TWC) for lean combustion engines are somewhat limited owing to the high excess air ratio and low exhaust gas temperature. Therefore, in the present study, we assess the reaction of exhaust gases and their production in terms of the development of efficient TWCs for lean-burn GDI engines at 2000 rpm / BMEP 2 bar operating conditions, which are frequently used when evaluating the fuel consumption in passenger vehicles. At the lean-combustion operating point, NO₂ was produced during combustion and the ratio of NO₂ increased, while that of N₂O decreased as the excess air ratio increased.

인삼특작분야 산업현황 및 중장기 연구계획

박철웅(Churl Woong Park) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.10

연료의 종류에 따른 부분산화 반응 특성에 관한 연구

박철웅(Cheol Woong Park),최영(Young Choi),오승묵(Seung Mook Oh) 한국가스학회 2009 한국가스학회지 Vol.13 No.4

고유가 시대의 도래와 강화되는 배출가스 규제에 대응하기 위한 대책으로 대체에너지 엔진 및 수소연료전지와 같은 새로운 연소 및 동력 기술에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으나, 이러한 기술의 이용은 수소제조 및 공급 기반시설 구축이 선결되어야 하며 많은 투자가 요구된다. 수소를 내연기관에 활용하는 기술은 연료의 저장과 공급, 낮은 에너지 밀도 및 연소제어 등의 어려움이 있다. 그러나 화석연료로부터 합성연료를 제조하기 위한 중간단계로 생성되는 개질가스의 이용은 내연기관으로의 실시간 수소 공급을 가능하게 하고, 소량의 수소가 혼합연료 형태로 사용됨에 따라 연소특성을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 연료들의 개질 특성을 이해함과 동시에 연료 개질기의 적용가능성 여부를 판단하고자 하였다. 연료별 최대의 수소수율을 얻을 수 있는 조건에서의 열역학적 개질효율과 수소수율을 관찰하였으며, 연료와 산화제의 촉매상에서의 체류시간에 대한 영향 및 연료/산화제 비율에 변화 시 최대 수소 수율을 제시하였다. Hydrogen can extend the lean misfire limit to a large extent when it is mixed with conventional fuels for an internal combustion engine. This study is about fuel reforming to produce hydrogen enriched gas as a fuel for engine. Especially gasoline, which consists of numerous hydrocarbon fuels, considered as source of reformed gas. Various hydrocarbons, including commercial fuel were reformed and potentialities of reformed gas on vehicles were accessed. The reforming efficiency and hydrogen yield were observed. Maximum hydrogen yield were found with different gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) and O2/C ratio of reforming conditions.