이케우치 히로시(池內宏)의 한국고대사 시기구분과 고조선 · 한사군 연구

박찬흥(Park, Chanheung) 호서사학회 2017 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.84

고구려척에 대한 연구

박찬흥 ( Chan Heung Park ) 고려대학교 역사연구소 1995 사총 Vol.44 No.-

滿鮮歷史地理調査部와 고대 `滿鮮歷史地理` 연구

박찬흥(Park, Chan?heung) 호서사학회 2015 역사와 담론 Vol.0 No.75

독서 워크숍을 활용한 예비교사 교양과목 개발 및 효과

박찬흥 ( Park Chan-heung ) 청람어문교육학회(구 청람어문학회) 2018 청람어문교육 Vol.0 No.67

본 연구는 독서 워크숍을 활용하여 예비교사를 대상으로 하는 교양과목을 개발하고 그 효과를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 교양과목은 크게 두 가지 성격을 갖고 있다. 하나는 대학생을 대상으로 하는 독서 교양과목이고, 다른 하나는 예비교사를 대상으로 하는 교과독서의 필요성에 대한 인식을 환기시키기 위한 것이다. 일정한 이론적 토대에 따라 구성 요소, 구성 및 진행 원리, 실제 사례를 소개하였다. 그리고 실제로 수업을 수강한 학생들의 독서 교육 목표에 대한 인식과 독서 동기의 변화를 확인하였다. 확인 결과 수강생들은 독서 교육 목표와 관련하여 교과독서지도와 연결할 수 있는 요인에서 유의미한 신장을 보여주었다. This study develops liberal arts subject to pre - service teachers using reading workshop and confirmed its effect. The liberal arts courses developed in this study have two characteristics. One is a reading liberal arts course for university students and the other is for improving the awareness of the necessity of reading the contents subject for preliminary teachers. This study suggested the components, composition and progress principles of reading workshop and practical examples according to a certain theoretical foundation. In addition, the change of the reading motivation and awareness of the reading education target of the students actually attending the class confirmed. As a result, the learners showed a significant increase in the factors that can be connected with the content reading instruction in relation to the reading education goals. And their motivation for reading was improved to a high level.

新羅의 烟受有田ㆍ畓과 孔烟

朴贊興(Park Chan-Heung) 한국사연구회 2002 한국사연구 Vol.116 No.-

The Village Document of Silla shows that fields and rice paddies granted to peasant households amounted 96% of the total farmland. Although the record seems to suggest that these were granted lands, in reality the peasant households already cultivated and owned them before the state actually granted them. Given the fact that population was small in proportion to the amount of farmland available, the state probably recognized peasant households legal ownership of lands that they were already cultivating. Thus, it appears that there was little difference between the rights of cultivation and ownership. Once peasants cultivated the land, it was probably considered to have been formally granted to them. The state took the legal step of formally granting the land to peasants for two main reasons. First, by guaranteeing the peasants rights of cultivation and ownership of farmland, the state could prevent unlawful seizure of lands by the True Bone Aristocrats and the powerful. It thereby brought some stability to the life of the peasantry. Second, the state could justify its collection of taxes in exchange for the granting of lands, and this ensured financial stability of the government. Each peasant household received about 10 to 14 kyol (a constant measure of crop yield produced by an area that varied from 2.2 to 9.0 acres depending on the fertility of the land), thus each individual or an able-bodied man probably held a rather large size of farmland. This was too large for each peasant to cultivate for himself given the low level of agricultural productivity of the time. They probably practiced an unstable farming technique of putting aside a part of the land to lie fallow, but such a method had a danger of letting the land to slide down to unsuitable for cultivation. In such a situation, a stable agricultural production needed to secure a certain level of productivity by procuring required labor. Therefore, it is not likely that each peasant household lived separately and formed an independent agricultural production unit in Silla. On the contrary, they would have joined with other households to form the basic production unit. This was the Agricultural Cooperative Unit (kongyon) as recorded in the Village Document of Silla. The kongyon was the unit to which land was granted. These units included not only those family members of the same descent but also individuals and other families without blood ties. These families and individuals joined and resided together on their own to form the kongyon units in order to raise the agricultural productivity. Some scholars believe that the kongyon unit was formed by the state. They claim that each household (yon) could not survive on its own economically, and the state brought them together into the kongyon unit, and also made it a unit of tax assessment. However, in light of the descriptions on the runaway households and individuals in the Village Document of Silla, it is more likely that the kongyon unit was formed of its own accord. After all, economic difficulties were felt more directly by the peasant than by the state. Peasants were more likely to reside together and form a cooperative production unit to maintain a more stable economic life. Thus, the state simply recognized these cooperative units formed by peasants as the kongyon and made them as the taxation units.

논문 : 『조선사』 (조선사편수회 편) 제2편(신라통일시대)의 편찬 방식과 성격- 『삼국사기』「신라본기」와의 비교를 중심으로-

박찬흥 ( Chan Heung Park ) 한국고대학회 2015 先史와 古代 Vol.45 No.-

조선사 제2편(신라통일시대)은 신라 문무왕 9년(669)부터 경순왕 9년(935)까지 267년간의 사료를 연대순으로 정리한 사료집이다. 제2편을 ‘신라통일시대’라고 이름 붙였다는 점에서, 신라의 ‘반도 통일’을 긍정했고, 나아가 ‘조선반도’의 역사인 ‘조선사’와 만주지역의 역사인 ‘만주사’를 구분해서 보았던 ‘만선사적 역사인식’을 담고 있음을 알 수 있다. 조선사 제2편과 삼국사기 신라본기 의 기사를 대조하여 검토한 결과, 비교적 충실하게 원 사료를 옮겨 정리했지만 의도적인 삭제와 축약도 많이 보인다. 왕의 혈통과 왕비 등의가족관계, 왕의 조서(詔書)나 교서(敎書), 중국과의 관계, 일본에게 불리한 표현 등이 빠지거나 크게 축약되었다. 또 상세하고 정확하다는 자평이 무색할 정도로 꽤 많은 오류가 발견되었다. 한국사가 지리적인 측면에서 반도의 역사이고, 대외관계에 영향을 많이 받는 타율적인 성격을 가지며, 일본과 밀접한 역사적 관계 아래 있다는 점 등을 강조하려고 했다. 중국과 우호적인 내용을 많이 삭제했고, 발해사를 한국사에서 배제시켰으며, 발췌어 발췌문에 대외관계 기사를 많이 포함시켜 한국사의 타율적인 성격을 강조하려 했다. 또 일본관련 기사에발췌문을 많이 붙였고, 한국 사료보다 중국 사료를 더 중요하게 생각했다. 따라서, 조선사 제2편(신라통일시대)은 제3~6편과 같이 사료의 개요를 기재하여 편찬하는 것 보다는, 제1편과 마찬가지로 원 사료를 그대로 게재하는 것이 사료집으로서의 가치도 높고 이용하기에도 더 편리했을 것이다. 고려나 조선에 비해 사료가 적은 시기이기 때문에원 사료를 보여주는 것이 더 좋았다. 일본인 편수자의 관점에 의해 요약 삭제 발췌되었다는점에서, 일제의 식민지배에 기여하는 역사관이 투영된 사료집이라고 평가할 수 있다. 한편, 조선사 는 편년체 역사서를 편찬할 때, 같은 내용인데도 자료마다 연월일이 다른경우 어떤 기준과 방식으로 기사를 배치할 것인가 등을 결정하는 데에 도움을 줄 것이다. The Volume 2 (Period of United Shilla) of Joseon History is a source book arranging in chronological order the source books for 267 years from the 9th year of the King Mun-Moo of Shilla (669) until the 9th year of the King Gyeongsun of Shilla (935). Since the Volume 2 was named “Period of United Shilla”, it affirmed the unification of ‘the Joseon Peninsula’ by Shilla and further has the Manseonsa-typed historical perception, dividing relevant historical points of view into the “Joseonsa” for the history of ‘the Joseon Peninsula’ and the “Manjusa” for the history of the Manju area. As a result of the comparison and review of the Volume 2 of Joseon History and articles in the Sillabongi in the Samguksagi, the original historical materials were relatively sincerely moved and arranged, but there are many intentional deletions and abbreviations. The family relationships of Royal bloods, queens, etc., Royal reports or messages, the relationships with China, expressions unfavorable to Japan, etc. were omitted or largely contracted. Moreover very considerable errors were found out to the extent that selfevaluation for its details and accuracy is undermined. It emphasized the facts that the Korean history is one of the Peninsula from geographical perspectives, has other-directed characteristics by greatly affected by external relationships, and is under the close historical relationships with Japan. It sought to emphasize the other-directed characteristics of the Korean history by deleting many friendly relationship with China, excluding the Balhae history from the Korean history, and including many articles related to external relationships in selected words and texts. In addition, many selected texts were added to Japan related articles, and China``s historical materials were considered more important than the Korea``s historical materials. In sum, when a history book of a chronological form is to be compiled, the Joseon History should be of great help to determine under what criteria and in what way articles are to be arranged where the dates of materials are different although each material has the same content.

백제 성왕(聖王),위덕왕대(威德王代)의 왜계백제관료(倭系百濟官僚)

박찬흥 ( Chan Heung Park ) 수선사학회 2011 史林 Vol.0 No.39

Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭), who belong to the Wae both in terms of blood and geography, are the one that works for Baekje with Gwandeung(官等: official rank) given by the Baekje dynasty, belonging only to the Baekje dynasty all of the Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭) only appear in the book, named Nihonsyoki( 日本書紀). the list of the names found in the book as follow: Kinoomi Nasochi Mimasa(紀臣奈率 彌麻沙), Mononobe Nosetoku Magamu(物部施德麻奇牟), Shiyauhou Tokusochi Shinanoshishiyu(上部德率科野次酒), Monononenomurazi Nasochi Yougata(物部連奈率用奇多), Kose Nasochi Gama(許勢奈率奇 麻), Mononobe Nasochi Gahira(物部奈率奇非), Shiyauhou Nasochi Shinanoshiraki(上部奈率科野新羅), Shiyauhou Nasochi Monononenokaku (上部奈率物部烏), Dalsol Nichira(達率日羅). The last names(姓氏: kabane) that found as the Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭)) are limited a few bloody groups with same ancestry(氏族) such as Mononobe ci(物部氏), Ki ci(紀氏), Shinano ci(科野氏), Kose ci(許 勢氏), and the largest number of that Bureaucrats came from the Mononobe ci(物部氏). when it come to ``bu(部)``, the biggest part of them belongs to the ``Shiyauhou(上部)`` among ``bu(部)`s. Gwandeung(官等: official rank) which they received is usually a position of the middle-ranking such as Deoksol(德率: fourth rank), Nasol(奈率: sixth rank) and Nosetoku(施德: eighth rank) except for Nichira(日羅) who is placed on the second-ranking official of Dalsol (達率) in the reign of King Widuk(威德). Someone says that Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭) are originated from the clan who participated in so called ``the Conquest of Korean peninsular``, but I can`t agree with that. they were elected as Bureaucrats of Baekje after having been sent directly by the powerful clan who had their own base, which is different from the Yamato`s one, in the Kinai(畿 內)province. The Baekje(百濟) dynasty sent their royal family in 5 century to rule directly the Baekje people who had immigrated collectively from Baekje, so it is possible that the immigration group from Baekje is the same group as them who sent the people who became Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭) later. we can presume that they are also the same people who tried to build Shinkoku(新國: new country) in Chikushi(筑紫), Kyushu(九州) in reign of King Widuk(威德王). Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭) working for King Seong(聖王) performed the role of providing the developed culture of Baekje to the clan which they are originally belonging to, and getting military supports from them for Baekje in exchange. it is so called ``Youhei(傭兵) Relationship``. Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭) played a role inmediating the process between the two sides. Bureaucrats of Baekje from Wae(倭) lost their base resulted from the politicalreorganization, which was formed with Soga ci(蘇我氏) on its center, of Yamato(大和) dynasty, and then disappeared in the history, coupled with the collapse of the dream to build the Shinkoku(新國: new country) after the death of Dalsol Nichira(達率日羅) of 達率in 583.

국어 교사의 쓰기 지도 인식 및 쓰기 지도 유형별 활용 빈도 검사 도구 타당화 연구

박찬흥 ( Chan Heung Park ),박영민 ( Young Min Park ) 한국작문학회 2013 작문연구 Vol.0 No.17

본고에서는 교사의 쓰기 지도에 대한 인식과 쓰기 지도 유형에 따른 빈도를 확인하도록 개발된 검사도구가 우리나라에서도 타당하게 활용될 수 있는지를 검토하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 국외에서 개발된 쓰기 지도 인식 및 쓰기 지도 유형별 활용 빈도 검사 도구를 우리나라 중등학교 교사들을 대상으로 타당성을 검증한 결과, 쓰기 지도 인식 검사 도구는 3개의 문항을 제외했을 경우 선행 연구에서 설정하고 있는 쓰기 지도 인식의 하위 요인인 정확한 쓰기, 현시적 지도, 자연적 쓰기를 적절하게 구별해 내는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 쓰기 지도 유형에 따른 빈도 검사 도구에서 설정하고 있는 하위 요인인 과정 중심 쓰기 지도, 협동적 쓰기 지도, 문법 요소 지도, 철자 쓰기 지도를 타당하게 구별해낸다고 보기 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 검사 도구 개발에 있어서 우리나라의 상황을 면밀히 고려해야 한다는 점을 시사한다. This paper aims to examine the validity of writing insturction theorectical orientation test and writing instruction type test about Korean language teachers. These test tools are developed U.S. originally, but didn`t confirm appropriate whether or not in Korea. As a result, writing instruction theoretical orientation test was appropriate when removed 3 items and accurately distinguished sub-factors of writing instruction theoretical orientation. Sub-factors were correct writing, explicit instruction, natural learning. The case of writing instruction type test, the test tool is not valid in Korea. Sub-factors of writing instruction type didn`t distinguished clearly. in previous study. These result suggest that the development of writing instruction type test should consider carefully about Korean educational characteristics.

창의융합 인재 양성 역량 강화를 위한 예비교사 화법 교육 방안

박찬흥 ( Park Chan-heung ) 청람어문교육학회(구 청람어문학회) 2018 청람어문교육 Vol.0 No.65

본고는 창의융합형 교육 실행 역량을 갖춘 교사를 양성하는 것이 매우 중요한 문제로 대두된 시점에서 예비교사 화법 교육이 어떠한 방식으로 이루어져야 하는지에 대한 구체적인 모습을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 창의융합 인재 양성의 의미를 살피고, 창의융합 인재 양성을 위한 교사 화법의 역할 및 실행 방안에 대해 논의하였다. 이를 토대로 예비 교사화법 프로그램의 구성 방안을 구체적으로 제안하였다. 예비 교사 화법 교육의 원리로는 협업 강조의 원리, 문제 중심 학습의 원리, 전인성의 원리, 반성적 사고 중시의 원리를 제시하였다. 예비 교사 화법 교육 프로그램은 크게 교사 화법에 대한 이해, 교사 발화 분석, 상황극의 세 단계로 구성되었으며 각 단계마다 세부적인 교육 내용을 제시하였다. The purpose of this study is to provide a concrete picture of how education for pre-service teachers should be taught. The first thing to do is to find out what the cultivation of convergent abilities in the window means. And the role of the teacher's method for cultivating creative convergence abilities and the implementation plan were discussed. Based on this, a method of constructing a preliminary teacher's program was proposed. The principle of pre - service teacher education is suggested as the principle of collaboration emphasis, principle of problem - based learning, principle of whole personality, and principle of reflective thinking. The pre - service teacher education program consisted of three stages: comprehension of teacher 's speech, analysis of teacher' s utterance, and contingency. Detailed contents were presented at each stage.

쓰기 간접평가에 대한 비판적 고찰 -중등 성취도 평가 쓰기 선다형 문항을 중심으로-

박찬흥 ( Chan Heung Park ) 청람어문교육학회(구 청람어문학회) 2015 청람어문교육 Vol.56 No.-

본 연구에서는 국가수준 학업성취도 평가의 중등 쓰기 영역 선다형 문항을 살펴본 뒤, 이를 토대로 쓰기 간접평가 개선 방안에 대해 논의하였다. 내용 타당도는 일반적으로 전문가의 판단에 따라 좌우되며, 계량화하기 어렵다는 한계가 있다. 하지만 본 연구는 교육목표분류학에서 제시하고 있는 지식 유형 분류를 활용하여 평가 문항과 평가 내용을 개별적으로 판정한 뒤, 그 일치도를 계량적으로 확인하였다. 이를 통하여 실제로 개발된 평가 문항이 본래의 평가 내용을 얼마나 충실히 측정하고 있는지를 확인하였다. 판정 결과, ‘지식’ 차원에서 접근할 경우 평가 내용과 실제로 개발된 쓰기 영역 선다형 문항의 일치도는 중학교 문항의 경우 57.1%, 고등학교 문항의 경우 62.5%로 높은 수준으로 보기는 어려운 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로, 쓰기 간접 평가를 개선시키기 위해서는 궁극적으로 쓰기 영역에 적합하게 설계된 교육목표분류 체계의 개발이 필요하다는 점을 제안하였다. 그리고 이러한 틀이 개발되는 것은 비단 쓰기 간접 평가 개선에만 활용되지 않고 쓰기 교육 전반의 발전에 기여할 수 있다고 보았다. This paper reviewed choice item of writing assessment in National assessment of educational achievement(NAEA) and explored how to improve the items. Generally, content validity of item determined by specialists, and it’s difficult to quantify. But in this paper, NAEA writing item’s content validity identified by comparing knowledge type of the items and assessment content. The result revealed that agreement degree of knowledge type of items and assessment content were not high. Based on these results, improvement was proposed to be set in the ‘knowledge type’ assessment framework.