Mt . Sorak and Mt . Songni National Park in Korea

Park,,Suk,Hee 한국임학회 1987 한국산림과학회지 Vol.76 No.1

The data for this research were collected by the interview in mountainous national parks, Mt. Sorak and Mt. Songni. F-test was applied to analyse the significant differences among the activities in the park by the type of accommodations and by the purpose of visits. Each demand functions for the whole tourism and recreation experiences of these national parks were derived through the use of OLS regression method after multiplying the square roots of the populations to variables. Explanatory variables were round-distance, population, and per capita Local tax. Demand functions for each national parks were also taken by the regression. Finally the tourism and recreation values of each parks per user. day and for October of 1982 were estimated by the main activities of the users. The main results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. In Mt. Soˇrak and Mt. Songni National Park, demands for each parks differed significantly at 1% level by the type of accommodations and by the purpose of visits. 2. In Mt. Soˇrak and Mt. Songni National Park, most of the demand functions for the whole experience of the users for each parks were well fitted by the variables of round-distance and population. 3. In Mt. Soˇrak and Mt. Songni National Park, most of the demand functions of the users for each parks by the type of accommodations and by the purpose of visits were well fitted by the added costs. In both parks, demand functions for parks were well fitted when the number of users was in the form of natural logarithms. 4. In Mt. Soˇrak National Park, the users by the type of accommodations valued in km the park per user.day and for October of 1982 as follows: (도표) 5. In Mt. Soˇrak National Park, the users by the purpose of visits valued in km the park per user. day and for October of 1982 as follows: (도표) 6. In Mt. Songni National Park, the users by the type of accommodations valued in km the park per user. day and for October of 1982 as follows: (도표) 7. In Mt. Songni National Park, the users by the purpose of visits valued in km the park per user. day and for October of 1982 as follows: (도표)

Characteristics of Occupational Accidents by Type of Parking Lot

Myoung,Hwan,Park,Byung,Yong,Jeong,Cha-O-Rum,Park 대한인간공학회 2015 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.34 No.5

Objective: This study aims to analyze occupational accidents of parking lot attendants by parking lot type. Background: Recently, efforts are made to analyze accident characteristics by occupation type targeting the workers engaged in the same work. Method: This study analyzes 303 occupational accidents of parking lot attendants occurring from 2010 to 2012. Parking lots are grouped into two groups according to the work environment. One is public/ground type which comprises road side or open area parking lots and the other is building/mechanical type which comprises a multi-story parking building with connecting ramps and/or mechanical parking system. The characteristics of occupational accidents by parking lot type are analyzed. Results: Accident characteristics showed the difference between public/ground type and building/mechanical type on the size of enterprise, age, gender and work experience of the injured. Also the accident type, source of accident and parts of body affected are different between the two parking lot types. Conclusion and Application: The findings of accident characteristics according to parking lot types can be used as baseline data for establishing systemized preventative policies for occupational accidents of parking lot attendants.

상용차 기반에 대한 주차보조시스템 사용자 감성 평가

전재석(Jaeseok Jeon), 박현배(Hyunbae Park), 문희석(Heeseok Moon), 곽수진(Sujin Kwag) 한국자동차공학회 2013 한국자동차공학회 부문종합 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.5

In this paper, we described about evaluation of human sensibility using park assist system of the commercial vehicle. The perpendicular parking and parallel parking have been carried out as a user test and subjects are classified as beginning drivers, drivers with less than 1 year experience and over 3 years experience. As a result, parking duration of beginning drivers and drivers with less than 1 year experience who use automatic parking assistance system is similar to drivers with over 3 years experience. However error occurred according to sensor position and distance between vehicle and parking space. And also it occurred that the vehicle leaves from parking line or does not recognize the parking space. Therefore, if we improve its completeness by compensating problems that came up from this evaluation and distribute the automatic parking assistance system, it is expected that the park assistance system is to help driver providing convenience of parking.

A Fixed Point for Pair of Maps in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Mtric Space

Park,,Jong-Seo,Kim,,Seon-Yu Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 2007 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.7 No.3

Park, Park and Kwun[6] is defined the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space in which it is a little revised from Park[5]. According to this paper, Park, Kwun and Park[11] Park and Kwun[10], Park, Park and Kwun[7] are established some fixed point theorems in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, Park, Park and Kwun[6] obtained common fixed point theorem in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space, and also, Park, Park and Kwun[8] proved common fixed points of maps on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We prove a fixed point for pair of maps with another method from Park, Park and Kwun[7] in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space defined by Park, Park and Kwun[6]. Our research are an extension of Vijayaraju and Marudai's result[14] and generalization of Park, Park and Kwun[7], Park and Kwun[10].

A Fixed Point for Pair of Maps in Intuitionistic Fuzzy Mtric Space

Jong,Seo,Park,Seon,Yu,Kim 한국지능시스템학회 2007 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGE Vol.7 No.3

Park, Park and Kwun[6] is defined the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space in which it is a little revised from Park[5]. According to this paper, Park, Kwun and Park[11] Park and Kwun[10], Park, Park and Kwun[7] are established some fixed point theorems in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space. Furthermore, Park, Park and Kwun[6] obtained common fixed point theorem in the intuitionistic fuzzy metric space, and also, Park, Park and Kwun[8] proved common fixed points of maps on intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We prove a fixed point for pair of maps with another method from Park, Park and Kwun[7] in intuitionistic fuzzy metric space defined by Park, Park and Kwun[6]. Our research are an extension of Vijayaraju and Marudai's result[14] and generalization of Park, Park and Kwun[7], Park and Kwun[10].

속리산국립공원의 관광위락가치 추정에 관한 연구

박석희 한국관광학회 1985 관광학연구 Vol.9 No.1

The data for this research were collected by the standarized interview in the mountaneous National Park of Mt. Songni on October of 1982. F-test was applied to analyse the significant differences among the activities in the park by the type of accommodations and by the purpose of visits. Demand functions for the whole tourism and recreation experience of the national parks were taken by the OLS regression after multiplying the square roots of the populations to various variables. Demand functions for the national park were also taken by the regression. Finally the tourism and recreation values of the parks per user-day and for 1984 year were estimated by the main activities in the parks. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. In Mt. Songni, demands for the national park also differed at 1% significance level by the type of accommodations: inn, private house, camp, and by the purpose of visits: relaxation, mount climbing and camping. 2. In Mt. Songni, the demand function for the whole experience was well fitted by the variables of the round distances and the amount of local taxes per person; R²=0.661. The demand functions for the whole experience by the type of accommodations: inn, private house, no overnight and by the purpose of visits: relaxation and mount-climbing were well explained by the variables of the round distances and the populations, but the demand for the whole experience of the users of camp and for camping was well fitted by the variables of the round distances and the amount of local taxes per person. 3. In Mt. Songni, the demand function for the national park was well fitted by the added costs (in km); R²=0.946. The demand for the park was theoretically 1 person when the added cost was 1,097Km. The demand functions for the park by the type of accommodations were also well fitted by the added cost (in km). When the added cost was 1,840km, Which was the largest, the demand for the activity to use the private house was theoretically 1 person. Those demand functions for the park by the purpose of visits were well explained by the added cost (in km). When the added cost was 1,503km, which was the largest, the theoretical demand for the mount-climbing was 1 person. 4. In Mt. Songni, the tourism and recreation value of the national park by the total users was 209.09km per user-day and 225.51 million km for 1984 year. The tourism and recreation values of the park by the users and by the type of accommodations: inn, camp, private house, no over-night were respectively 371.14km, 116.16km, 420.38km, and 124.75km per user-day. The tourism and recreation value of the park for 1984 year was 100.22 million km in case of the users who used inn and 81.44 million km in case of the users who didn't stay overnight. By the purpose of visits, the users who visited the park for mount-climbing valued for the park the largest 225.03km and those for relaxation valued 222.71km per user-day. The largest value by the users for 1984 year among the purpose of visits was 99.15 million km in case of the users who visited the park for mount-climbing and the next largest value was 85.24 million km in case of the users for relaxation.

차종을 고려한 주차 계획단위 산정 및 주차계획 방법 제시

권성대(Kwon Sung-Dae), 박제진(Park Je-Jin), 김중효(Kim Joong-Hyo), 하태준(Ha Tae-Jun) 대한토목학회 2011 대한토목학회논문집 D Vol.31 No.6

현재 주차장 내 주차단위구획과 차로너비 규정의 경우 주차장법 시행규칙의'주차장 구조 및 설치기준'에 의거하여 계획설치되고 있다. 그러나 최근 RV차량 및 대형승용차가 급속히 증가하는 추세에서 기존의 주차단위구획의 설치기준으로는 주차 시 발생하는 차량훼손 민원 주차장 이용자의 통행불편 주차장 유지·관리 등의 문제를 해소하기 힘든 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 현실에 적합한 주차단위구획과 차로너비 규정의 재정비가 필요하다는 판단 하에 최근 증가하는 국내·외 RV차량 및 대형승용차의 차량제원 최소 회전반경 주차시 운전자 주행행태 등을 고려하여 주차단위구획 및 차로너비를 산정하였다. 산정된 주차단위구획 및 차로너비를 국외 사례와 비교·분석한 후 기존보다 확대된 주차단위구획 및 차로너비를 이용하여 주차시 운전자의 편의성 및 비용적 측면을 고려한 최적의 개선방안을 제시하였다. 또한 교통안전을 고려한 주차단위구획과 차로너비의 개선방안 그리고 차종별 주차계획 방법을 제시하였다. 주차장 내 원활한 차량소통과 안전을 도모한 주차계획단위 산정 및 주차계획 방법을 제시함으로써 향후 주차장의 구조 설치기준의 정립과 주차장 교통안전 개선에 이바지할 것으로 판단된다. At the present planning and installation of parking space sections and lane width are implemented in accordance with the installation standard and parking lot structure by the enforcement regulations of the Parking Act. While large and RV (Recreational Vehicle) vehicles have increased in number recently parking is complex with improper installation standards. It causes serious problems including vehicle vandalism increased civil complaints travel inconveniences for parking lot users management and maintenance issues for parking lots and so forth. The study therefore determined that the practical and appropriate realignment of parking unit adjustment and lane width regulations are essential. The study conducted prior review on domestic parking sections and change cases of composition by vehicle types including the component ratio of domestic and foreign vehicles width of vehicle by types in order to examine the parking problems that account for a increasing social issues and provided parking plan methods by types of vehicle as well as reform and reaction plans for parking unit adjustment and lane width considering security and smooth traffic flow After comparing and analyzing between estimated installation of parking space and lane width and internal and external cases the study suggests the improvement that considers expenses and convenience of a driver. Also it shows installation of parking space that considers traffic safety improvement of lane width and parking way depends on vehicle types. By providing estimation for parking planning and parking planning methods that secure safe and smooth traffic flow within a parking lot the study will contribute to the development of improved alternatives for cost-effective traffic safety and set-up structure including installation standards of parking lots.

도시공원법 개정에 따른 공원녹지기본계획의 현황 및 과제

김봉원 ( Bong Won Kim ), 이원아 ( Won A Lee ), 박순남 ( Soon Nam Park ) 한국녹지환경디자인학회 2008 녹지환경학회지 Vol.4 No.3

This paper is aimed to understand the situations and characteristics of park and green space master plan for the application of `Urban Park Law`. The urban park law was an overall revised in 2005 and many municipal governments are recently planning for park and green space master plan. However, there is not enough study park and green space system and not so much experience of park and green space master plan in municipal governments. It would cause diverse problems if politics for urban park and green space are planned with unawareness of the revised urban park law`s intent. Therefore, through this study, it is helpful that we have a thorough grasp of the park and green space master planning by municipal government and discuss the applications of revised urban park law.

도시공원의 이용후 평가에 기초한 공원의 개발지표 설정 : 부산광역시 암남공원을 사례로 Case Study of Amnam Park in Busan City

박승범,김승환,남정칠,강영조,이기철,김석규 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 硏究報告 Vol.22 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the prime factors that affect to user postoccupancy evaluation of activities and facilities in urban parks, to classify those factors, to find out factors about them, and then to suggest important indicators in the urban park planning, design, and development. The survey research was done using the self-administered questionnaire method by 435 peoples in the Busan City who participated in recreational activities in the Amnam Park. The Analysis of the data primarily consists of two phase: The first analysis was dealt an exploratory factor analysis which identified major factors involved in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the SPSS(Ver.6.0) program and the second analysis was used to investigate the factors affected to user postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis. According to the factor analysis, user postoccupancy evaluation of facilities in urban parks concerning the 20 variables, 5 prime factors by the staistical values were considered. The factor analysis showed that user postoccupancy evaluation of activities in urban parks concerning the 11 variables, 3 prime factors by the staistical values were analysed. Postoccupancy evaluation in the urban park by the Regression Analysis suggested that the two varlables as 'the directions of park development' and 'companies with the personal specific characteristics' are significant in addition to the some variables presented in user postoccupancy evaluation with reacreational activities and facilities in Amnam Park by the factor analysis. Furthomore the analysis models were identified as having significant effects on the factor and regression analysis. Overall fits of both models were very good. These significant relationships indicate important factors and variables that should be considered in planning, design, and development of the urban parks. Therefore, development direction of the h a m park has to be analyzed as significant factors concerning user postoccupancy evaluation in a systematic way, recognized as important variables for planning process. The urban park has to be fully designed and established in the planning process not by the decision-maker's subjective evaluation but by user postoccupancy evaluation.

A Study of the Carrying Capacity and Management of Mountainous National Park

Park,,Bong,Woo 한국임학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.72 No.1

The Mountainous National Park is the area where it has the coexisted purposes, use and preservation, which cannot be harmonized. But in recent year, it is natural tendency that the use of the National Park is increasing day by day and the fact is that the side of use than preservation is emphasized. Especially in leisure society as today, even the appointment itself of the National Park is the factor that use can be increased and because it has the great influence affecting to the neighboring community economy including the National Park its neighbors have a marked leaning toward the use of two purposes and insist only development. In fact, the area of most National Park is equipped with the necessary facility to offer convenience of the user. But such necessity causes the increase of the weighted level of use in liaison with the requests of development of its inhabitants. But the National Park, for the original purposes, must keep the balance between use and preservation. Because the natural environmental condition that the National Park has is the product of nature and cannot be produced by human-power the demand cannot be met by the increase of supply even though the requests for the offer of natural environment are increased. Therefore, to keep the balance between use and preservation it is necessary that there should be consideration for the usable side and preservable one of resource, the National Park. This can be said by the concept of social carrying capacity and ecological carrying capacity. Accordingly the concept of carrying capacity of the National Park is formed by the duplicated projections of the ecological carrying capacity and the social one. In addition these carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Parks are used for the efficient management objectives of them and they offer the policy frame necessary for their future purpose. Finally, the results from this research work are as follows: 1. We can define the concept of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park consisting of the total of management objectives, ecological carrying capacity and social carrying capacity as the level which the characteristics of the Mountainous National Park can be maintained without the deterioration in quality of experience of user and ecological environment. 2. The major key points consisting of the concepts of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park necessarily require the establishment of the concrete and clear management objective. 3. The management of the Mountainous National Park, centering around the zoning district, requires the establishment of the levels of management and the followings are required by each level. 1) non-interference. 2) the intensive management. 3) the more intensive management. 4. We must recognize the management objectives of the Mountainous National Park as the limitation of acceptable changes. 5. The concept of the carrying capacity of the Mountainous National Park can use for the policy level deciding the means and strategies for the management of the Mountainous National Park.