‘스마트폰’중독 현상의 이해 - 30대 남자 회사원과의 질적 심층면담을 중심으로 -

박지아(Ji-A Park) 조선대학교 교과교육연구소 2013 敎科敎育硏究 Vol.34 No.1

스마트폰의 등장으로 현대사회는 여러 측면에서 많은 변화가 일어나고 있다. 이 연구는 스마트폰 이용자인 30대 남자 회사원과의 질적 심층 면담을 중심으로 스마트폰 중독현상은 무엇인지 그리고 그 의미는 무엇인지를 이해하고자 하였다. 먼저 연구 참여자는 자신이 위치하는 모든 공간에서 항상 스마트폰을 사용하고, 잠자는 시간을 제외 하고는 거의 수시로 사용하고 있었다. 다음으로 참여자는 스마트폰이 손에 없거나, 보이지 않아서 불안하고 초조해질 때, 문자나 SNS가 도착하지 않았지만 벨소리가 울리는 것같은 환청이 들릴 때, 업무 등 일상생활에서 방해를 받는다고 생각하면서도 지속적으로 스마트폰을 이용할 때 스마트폰 중독 문제를 인식하고 있었다. 늘 곁에 있어야 하고 손에 잡히지 않고 눈에 보이지 않으면 불안하며 언제 어디를 가나 함께여야 하는 것, 함께 했을 때 마음이 편안해지고 그로인해 즐거움과 편안함을 느끼는 것, 이것은 마치 유아가 갖게 되는 최초의 소유물로서, 어머니가 옆에 없을 때 위안을 주고 안정을 주는 중간대 상과 같았다. 참여자에게 스마트폰은 모든 사람과의 소통을 가능하게 하고 궁금증, 무료 함도 모두 해결해주는 요술봉과도 같다. 그로인해 스마트폰이 삶의 활력소, 삶의 통로, 비로소 삶 자체가 된 것이다. 이러한 이해는 스마트폰 중독자뿐만 아니라 우리 모두가 현대사회를 지배하는 문명의 이기 속에서 어떠한 삶을 어떻게 선택하고 진정한 관계맺음의 근거를 어디서 찾아야 할지 스스로 고민해보도록 한다. With the advent of smart phones, a lot of changes are taking place in many respects. This study aims to understand what the smartphone addiction means in the everyday-life of a male office worker in the thirties by qualitative in-depth interviews. The research results are as follows. First, he always uses his smartphone in all places at all the times except in sleeping. Also, he is conscious that he is addicted to smartphone when he gets restless and nervous without any ringing sound and without any notice of SNS. Finally, what does the smartphone addiction mean in the life of the office worker? To him, the smartphone is an intermediate target, the very first possession that the infant feel pleasure and comfort with when its mother can not be possessed immediately. Smartphone has calming effect when the owners are not able to communicate with people in person. This interpretation forces us to consider where to find the foundation of truthful relationships and how to construct our social life based on the modern civilization with media technologies.

국공립학교 경비노동자의 야간근무에 대한 근로시간 인정 여부 -2016년 국공립학교 용역계약서 및 한국의 노동법과 영국의 고용법을 중심으로

박지아 ( Park Ji Ah ) 서울대학교 BK21 법학연구단 공익인권법연구센터 2017 공익과 인권 Vol.17 No.-

근로기준법 제63조는 근로자 보호를 위해 제정된 근로시간 및 휴게, 휴일에 관한 일부 조항을 적용하지 않는 예외적인 경우에 대해 명시하고 있다. 그 대상에는 감시·단속적 근로자가 포함되는데, 이들은 근로 밀도가 낮으며 정신적·육체적 피로가 적으므로 근로기준법의 일부 조항을 적용하지 않아도 근로자 보호라는 근로기준법의 목적에 어긋나지 않는다는 것이 그 제정 이유이다. 이러한 조항으로 인하여, 실제 근무 양태와는 별개로, 사업장에 구속되어 있는 시간 중 휴게시간의 비율을 늘림으로써 장시간 노동에 대하여 저임금을 지불하는 구조가 가능하게 된다. 본 연구는 감시적 근로와 관련하여 장시간의 휴게시간이 근로시간으로 인정되어야 한다는 판단에서 실시되었다. 구체적으로, 다양한 감시적 근로자 중에서 국공립학교 경비원의 야간 휴게시간에 대한 근로시간 인정을 연구목적으로 삼았다. 여기에는 기존의 연구가 주로 아파트 경비원을 대상으로 하는 까닭에 학교 경비원에 대한 선행연구가 부족하다는 점과 야간 근무 조건에 있어서 학교 경비원과 아파트 경비원 사이에 차이가 있으므로 학교 경비원에 대한 별도의 연구가 필요하다는 점이 고려되었다. 이를 위하여 전국 108개 학교의 수의계약입찰공고문, 과업지시서, 용역계약특수조건, 경비원근무수칙과 전국 17개의 시·도 교육청에서 제정한 교육감소속공무원당직및비상근무교육규칙을 구체적으로 비교 분석하여, 국공립학교 경비노동자의 근무 조건을 파악하였다. 나아가 이러한 근무조건이 국내의 노동법 및 판결에 비추어 근로시간으로 인정될 수 있을지 검토하였다. 그리고 감시적 근로는 그 특성상 비교적 대기시간이 길고 대기의무가 주된 임무를 구성하는데, 국내 노동법에서 이는 엄밀한 의미에서의 노동으로 인정되지 않을 여지가 있으며 특히 감시적 근로자의 경우에는 근로기준법 제63조에 따라 대기시간이 근로시간으로 인정되지 않을 가능성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 노동시간 및 대기의무에 관한 영국 판례들에 대한 검토를 통하여, 근로기준법 제63조가 전제하고 있는 근로자 보호의 의미와 대기의무의 근로시간성에 관하여 검토하였다. Labor Standards Act Article 63 clearly states the exceptions when clauses to protect the workers regarding work hours, recess, and holidays cannot be implemented. Amongst the exceptions, workers engaged in surveillance or intermittent work are included, since they are alleged to have a low level of work intensity andlow mental/physical stressjustifying exclusion under protection of Labor Standards Act. Article 63 is the main reason why the workers in these fields have to accept low wages with long hours by increasing the break hours regardless of their actual work. This research aims to legally linclude the long break hours in working hours of surveillance or intermittent work. Mainly, the research focuses on recognizing the night-shift break hours of public school guards asworking hours In order to understand the working conditions for public school guards, official paperworks such as Guardwork Job Notice, Work Directions, Special Clauses of Contract Workers, and Guardwork Rules for 108 schools across the country and Ministry of Education On Call Duty and Emergency Training Rules for 17 City/Province across the country were cross-checked. . By analyzing domestic Labor Laws and verdicts, the research examines whether these working conditions can be deemed as working hours or break hours. Characteristics of a surveillance or intermittent work, relatively long waiting time and waiting duties, may hinder recognizing it as a technical act of labor. Therefore, this research reviews the premises of laborer protection and the justifying grounds of recognizing on-callduty as working hours under Article 63of Labor Standards Act, after reviewing leading cases from the UK regarding working hours and waiting duties.

지역사회 방문 보건 인력의 노인 구강건강관리 역량과 집단 구강보건교육의 효과: 예비 조사 연구

박지아 ( Ji-a Park ),한솔 ( Sol Han ),이유영 ( Yoo-young Lee ),진보형 ( Bo-hyoung Jin ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2023 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.47 No.4

Objectives: This study is an effectiveness evaluation study of an oral health education program conducted on 30 visiting nurses who participated in the “CHAT-DONG” project in a district of Seoul, Korea. The primary objective of this study is to obtain basic data for the development of an oral healthcare education program for visiting nurses. Methods: To evaluate the effectiveness of the educational program comprising lecture and small group practice training, oral health knowledge, beliefs, awareness, self-efficacy, and oral health status assessment capabilities were assessed before and after the training, using Google online surveys. Finally, data from 22 participants were used for analysis. Results: Overall oral health knowledge improved after the training, however, specific oral disease knowledge was low. There were no significant changes in oral health beliefs and awareness, but there was a significant increase in self-efficacy. The ability to assess oral health status improved a little, however, the ability to express specific oral health conditions was low. This may be owing to the limitations of a one-time training and the inexperience and unfamiliarity of the participants. The participating nurses were highly satisfied with the training program and expressed a strong desire for regular and ongoing training. Conclusions: This study highlights the necessity for systematic and sustained training programs for healthcare personnel, including visiting nurses, to provide effective oral healthcare to older adults. Furthermore, the development of such training programs should consider the demographic characteristics of the target population and their level of prior knowledge and experience when designing, implementing, and evaluating training programs.

담즙산이 Porphyromonas gingivalis 리포다당질에 의해 유도된 염증반응에 미치는 효과

박지아 ( Ji-a Park ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2020 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.44 No.4

Objectives: In this study, I aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of bile acids on the inflammatory response and osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells activated through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Methods: Myelomonocytic RAW 264.7 cells were activated through P. gingivalis LPS to induce inflammatory response, and were treated with three bile acids, including taurodeoxycholate, taurocholate, and glycocholate at different concentrations. The cytotoxicity of bile acids was assessed through the MTT assay. To evaluate the inhibitory effect of bile acids on inflammatory response, the induction levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a were measured using ELISA 12 h after the treatment. Additionally, after activating the cells with RANKL to promote osteoclastogenesis, we examined whether bile acids suppressed osteoclast differentiation using the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining. Results: In the cell viability test, taurodeoxycholate and taurocholate did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect on RAW 264.7 cells at concentrations equal to or less than 200 mM, and glycocholate was non-cytotoxic until the maximal concentration (4,000 mM). All the three bile acids exhibited an inhibitory effect on inflammatory response, as the production levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and TNF-a, decreased with an increase in the concentration of the three bile acids in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of IL-6 reduced remarkably upon treatment with taurodeoxycholate and glycocholate (P<0.001), while the expression of TNF-a decreased slightly upon treatment with glycocholate (P<0.05). Moreover, only glycocholate at a concentration of 1,000 mM suppressed osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells (P<0.001), while taurodeoxycholate and taurocholate did not exhibit an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis. Conclusions: Here, I showed that all the three bile acids (taurodeoxycholate, taurocholate, and glycocholate) inhibited P. gingivalis LPS-induced inflammatory response, and glycocholate partially suppressed RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cells.

협동조합 이사회의 공동심리소유권과 조직성과: 공유리더십의 매개효과를 중심으로

박지아 ( Ji-a Park ),이선희 ( Sun-hee Lee ),신효진 ( Hyo-jin Shin ),이상윤 ( Sang-youn Lee ) 한국중소기업학회 2021 中小企業硏究 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구는 협동조합 이사회의 공동심리소유권이 조직성과에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 공동심리소유권과 조직성과 간의 관계에서 공유리더십의 매개효과를 살펴보는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 아이쿱 소비자생활협동조합 전국 78개 지역조합에 속해 있는 453명의 이사를 대상으로 설문을 통해 실증연구를 진행하였다. 연구결과 생협 이사회의 공동심리소유권이 조합의 사회적성과와 활동성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미침을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 공동심리소유권과 조직성과 간 공유리더십의 매개효과에서 유의미한 결과를 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 협동조합 성과를 위해서는 이사회의 공동심리소유권의 강화가 필요함을 제시하고, 이사회의 공유리더십이 공동심리소유권을 조직성과와 연결하는 중요한 매개변수임을 시사한다. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the collective psychological ownership (CPO) of the board of directors of cooperatives on organizational performance, and to find out the mediator effect of shared leadership between CPO and organizational performance. In this study, we collected a data set of the survey of 453 directors from 78 local consumer cooperatives of iCOOP Korea. The study found that the CPO of the board of directors of consumer cooperatives had a positive impact on the social performance and activity performance of the organization. More importantly, the mediator effect of shared leadership between CPO and performance was statistically significant. These results suggest that strengthening CPO on the board is necessary for the performance of co-operatives, and that shared leadership is an important medium for linking CPO to performance.

직접에너지적층 및 와이어아크 적층제조 공정을 고려한 생성적 설계의 형상제약 조건에 대한 고찰

박지아(J. A. Park),오원정(W. J. Oh),지창욱(C. W. Ji),김충수(C. S. Kim) Korean Society for Precision Engineering 2023 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2023 No.11

남해연안해역에서 분리한 유독와편모조류 Alexandrium tamarense와 Alexandrium catenella의 개체군 변화에 관한 생리·생태학적 연구

오석진(Oh Seok Jin),박지아(Park Ji A),권형규(Kwon Hyeong Kyu),양한섭(Yang Han Soeb),임월애(Lim Weol Ae) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2012 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.15 No.2

용존태 무기질소 제한 하에서 유독와편모조류 Alexandrium tamarense와 Alexandium catenella의 생존과 우점화 전략

권형규(Hyeong Kyu Kwon),박지아(Ji A Park),양한섭(Han-Soeb Yang),오석진(Seok Jin Oh) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2013 한국해양환경·에너지학회지 Vol.16 No.1

구강 문제를 지닌 장기 요양시설 입소 노인 사례 조사

한솔 ( Sol Han ),박지아 ( Ji-a Park ),이유영 ( Yoo-young Lee ),진보형 ( Bo-hyoung Jin ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2023 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.47 No.4

This study aimed to analyze the extent of oral health problems among elderly residents of long-term care facilities who have difficulties accessing care at dental clinics due to physical limitations and other challenges. Seventy-four elderly individuals residing in long-term care facilities in A-gu, Seoul, were screened. From these, we randomly selected three older adults (MMSE-K≥24) who were able to communicate freely in the study. Relevant information was obtained through document review, observational surveys, and one-on-one interviews to identify oral health problems and physical limitations experienced by these older adults. The elderly in long-term care facilities experienced pain and discomfort due to oral problems, and improperly fitting dentures and other prosthetics. These oral problems led to limitations in compromised oral functions and alterations in dietary patterns. Despite the need for customized oral care and treatment, the specific oral health needs of the elderly residents were not met due to barriers that hindered their access to healthcare facilities, such as restricted mobility. To alleviate oral functional limitations in elderly residents of long-term care facilities, interventions, such as necessary treatments and personalized oral care, should be implemented. Establishing a systematic approach, including timely visits to long-term care facilities by dentists and a referral system between facilities and dental services, is crucial to optimizing dental care for elderly individuals living in residential aged care.

영유아 국가구강검진에 대한 양육자의 요구도

박선우 ( Sun-woo Park ),박지아 ( Ji-a Park ),이재영 ( Jae-young Lee ),이교린 ( Gyorin Lee ),진보형 ( Bo-hyoung Jin ) 대한예방치과·구강보건학회 2020 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.44 No.3

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the perception and needs of the caregivers of infants and children regarding oral health screening in order to identify the problems and the improvements required to increase their satisfaction with the oral health screening system. Methods: An online self-reported survey for the national oral health screening system was conducted for 200 parents raising infants and children in Seoul and the metropolitan area of Korea. The questionnaire for caregivers recorded their thoughts on the current problems, the improvements required in oral health screening, the necessity of screening, and the need for oral h ealth education. Results: The caregivers proposed many requests for precise examination and detailed explanation in the infants and children’s oral health screening and inclusion of simple preventive treatment measures during the screening. Although most parents (94.9%) recognized the necessity of oral checkups for their children, only 76.1% went ahead with the screening. The main reason for screening was prevention and early detection of dental caries. Regarding the need for education, the proportion of respondents receiving oral health education (43.1%) was lower than that of oral health screening (76.1%), even if oral health education and counseling were provided during the screening. The caregivers wanted to learn about the correct tooth brushing methods, causes and prevention of tooth decay, fluoride application, and preferred education methods such as hands-on training, education by dental experts, or visualization. Conclusions: Understanding the perception and needs of caregivers regarding the infants and children’s oral health screening would contribute to improvements in the oral health screening system, thereby increasing their satisfaction.