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20세기 초 만주(滿洲) 한인(韓人)에 대한 중국정부의 정책
박정현 ( Park¸ Junghyun ) 호남사학회 2021 역사학연구 Vol.84 No.-
논문에서는 20세기 초 간도협약과 만몽조약 전후 시기 만주 한인에 대한 중국 정부의 정책이 어떻게 변화되었는지를 연구했다. 1915년 滿蒙條約 체결 이후 중국과 일본은 만주에서 더욱 첨예하게 대립했다. 중국과 일본은 크게 세 부분에서 서로 충돌했다. 1) 한인의 국적문제와 중국 귀화문제, 2) 한인에 대한 재판관할권 적용 범위, 3) 간도지역에 토지 商租權 적용문제였다. 중국은 자국 영토인 만주지역에서 외국인인 한인을 통제해야 했다. 중국정부는 일본과의 외교 마찰을 피하면서 한인들을 회유하고, 통제하는 방식을 고민했다. 그래서 중국정부의 한인政策은 일본과 외교 마찰을 불러일으키지 않는 한도 내에서 법적, 정책적 수단으로 단속했다. 이러한 방식은 눈에 띄는 차별이나 압력을 가할 수 없었다. 하지만 민간에서는 중국인의 한인에 대한 차별과 탄압이 일상적이었다. 만주 현지에서는 지방관리들과 중국인들의 한인에 대한 압박이 현실로 나타났다. 만주 한인문제는 만주사변 전까지 한인과 중국인 사이의 최대 갈등이 되었다 In this paper, we studied how the Chinese government’s policies toward Koreans in Manchuria changed before and after the Gando(間島) Convention and the Manmong Treaty in the early 20th century. After the middle of the 19th century, the migration of Koreans to Manchuria was started due to natural disasters in northern Korea, the exploitation of government officials, and poverty. After the Japan- Korea Treaty, Koreans emigrated to Manchuria to escape poverty and Japanese rule. The Koreans in Manchuria became a problem to be solved among Korea, China, and Japan after the Japan-Korea Treaty. After the conclusion of the Manchuria-Mongolia Treaty in 1915, China and Japan became even more prominent in Manchuria. Due to the ambiguous provisions of the Treaty, China and Japan have argued over the cancellation and application of this treaty. China and Japan collided with each other in three major parts. 1) The issue of naturalization of Koreans to China, 2) The issue of application of jurisdiction to Koreans, 3) The issue of application of the rights of renting land through negotiation to the Gando area. China recognized that naturalizationof Koreans to China, which should effectively govern Koreans, is the best way to do it. Therefore, if possible, China implemented a policy to naturalize many Koreans to China, and Japan desperately prevented the naturalization of Koreans. In addition; Japan tried to hold a court and administrative event for Koreans on behalf of China because of its great influence in Manchuria. As a result; Japan tried to invalidate the Gando Convention and apply the Manchuria-Mongolia Treaty. However; if the jurisdiction and administrative power of China were transferred to Japan; China could no longer maintain the sovereignty of the Manchurian region; and China made efforts to maintain the Gando Convention. In addition; the revocation of the Gando Convention was also affected by the land ownership of the Gando Koreans; and China and Japan argued fiercely over this. China had to control foreign Koreans in its territory; Manchuria. However; the number of Koreans in Manchuria exceeded 1 million in the late 1920s; and it was difficult to unilaterally control it due to diplomatic friction with Japan. While avoiding diplomatic friction with Japan; the Chinese government contemplated how to persuade and control Koreans. Therefore; the Chinese government cracked down on Korean-Americans by legal and policy means as long as they did not cause diplomatic friction with Japan. This method could not create any noticeable discrimination or pressure. However; in the private sector; discrimination and oppression of Koreans by Chinese were commonplace. In Manchuria; local officials and Chinese pressure on Koreans has become a reality. Discrimination against Koreans in Manchuria has aroused the anger of Koreans; and in Chosun; persecution by overseas Chinese has called for protests by the Chinese government. The two problems were raised separately in different regions; but were closely linked to each other Japan used the conflict between Koreans and Chinese to take advantage of Korean colonial rule and the Manchurian issue. The Korean-Chinese issue in Manchuria was the biggest cause of conflict between Koreans and Chinese before the Manchurian Incident.
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만프레도 타푸리의 이데올로기 비판 독해를 위한 이중의 문맥
박정현,Park, Junghyun 한국건축역사학회 2016 건축역사연구 Vol.25 No.2
Autonomia movement that emerged in Italy in the 1960s from workerist (operaismo) communism gives historical and discursive context to Manfredo Tafuri's famous criticism of ideology. His thesis on the death of architecture was a radical criticism of Keynesian intervention which was a strategy to cope with the Great Depression. For him, this capitalist development had taken away ideological prefiguration from architecture. At least Tafuri's this early intellectual phase was formed in the wake of magazine Contrapiano and Antonio Negri's influence. Tafuri almost entirely adapted Negri's thought on the importance of capitalist innovation that was uncovered by Keynes, Schumpeter, and Manheim and the periodization in modern history. When we read Tafuri's text with this concrete context, we can avoid being plunged into his abstruseness. On the other hand, 1980's Korea cannot understand Tafuri comprehensibly. 1980's situation to struggle to acquire democracy prescribed only one mode of reception of Tafuri's historiography in Korea. Tafuri's so-called pessimist view point could not satisfy student activists. They want to take intellectual means to sustain student movement and to secure political dynamics of protest. But at the same time they have anxiety to understand tafuri's thesis that they consider ad a critical theory for Korean Architecture. Double contexts of Tafuri's criticism of ideology bring to light to historicize both Tafuri's historiography itself and reception of his text in Korea.
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박정현,Park, Junghyun 한국건축역사학회 2016 건축역사연구 Vol.25 No.6
A discourse on the Independence Hall of Korea, a representative cultural project of the 1980s, has been understood as a repetition of the traditional debate of the 1960s. It was considered as a petrified propaganda aimed at ensuring the fragile legitimacy of the military regime, and the architect as a sympathizer. Even if all these facts are true, it does not give any explanation for the architecture. Scrutinizing the building process and the change of discourse in the Independence Hall of Korea, this paper tries to explore a section of contemporary Korean architecture in the 1980s. The architect who designed the Independence Hall of Korea is Kim Kiwoong, however, it was Kim Won who took charge of overall scheme for it. Kim Won replaced the role of a technocrat in the 1960s, who deprived architects of his autonomy. Against this backdrop, Kim Kiwoong attempted to explain his own building via various concept like postmodernism, which gave him very proper context. But, later, he appropriated words like void and madang. These derived from some architectural historian's researches in 1970s, and were to predict the architecture of the 1990s.
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소구치 발치 교정치료 과정에서 발생한 치조골 외골증과 짧은 임상치관의 치주 수술 치험례
박정현(JungHyun Park),황유리(YuRi Hwang),박기호(Ki-Ho Park) 대한치과교정학회 2022 대한치과교정학회 임상저널 Vol.12 No.1
The purpose of this case report was to describe a method for treating alveolar exostosis that occurred during orthodontic treatment with premolars extraction. A 25-year-old female patient presented with chief complaints of lip protrusion, crowding, and gummy smile. She was diagnosed as a hyperdivergent skeletal Class II patient with a facial asymmetry. After extraction of the four first premolars, mini-implants were placed between the maxillary second premolars and first molars, and between the maxillary central incisors to retract and intrude the maxillary anterior teeth. During retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth, alveolar bone exostosis around them worsened, and their clinical crown length became shorter. So, alveoloplasty and crown lengthening were performed by a periodontist to remove the alveolar bone exostosis. The total orthodontic treatment duration was 31 months. Lip protrusion and gummy smile were improved and dentitions were well aligned with a complete closure of the extraction space. The maxillary anterior alveolar exostosis, which had occurred during retraction and intrusion of the maxillary anterior teeth, was greatly improved. After one year of retention, stable occlusal relationship, proper overjet and overbite, and good maintenance were confirmed.
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박정현(Junghyun Park),최병희(Byeonghee Choi),최성운(Sungwoon Choi),이재혁(Jaehyeok Lee),채민경(Minkyung Chae),조상훈(Sanghun Cho),임윤성(Yunsung Lim),한정원(Jungwon Han),이종태(Jongtae Lee),이대엽(Daeyup Lee) 대한기계학회 2023 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2023 No.11
As the spread of electric vehicles increases, it is necessary to conduct performance tests that take approximately 6 hours or more to completely discharge the battery, and it is also necessary to conduct tests that take close to 2 hours, such as real driving emissions(RDE) tests, using an indoor chassis dynamometer. In this study, basic research was conducted to develop a driving robot capable of short installation time and automatic calibration to test the performance of a car using a chassis dynamometer. For this, a mechanism is designed and manufactured, which can control the acceleration and brake pedals. In the next stage, it is planned to develop an articulated robot with 6 degrees of freedom based on this and develop a driving robot that can be installed in a short time and perform tests taking long time by following the speed mode prescribed by regulations in the chassis dynamometer.
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