조선시대 시가문학에 나타난 ‘가난’의 의미

박연호(Park, Yeon Ho) 동악어문학회 2015 동악어문학 Vol.64 No.-

한국 고전시가 연구에서 본격적으로 ‘가난’에 주목한 것은 박인로의 <누항사> 때문이다. <누항사>에는 가난한 삶의 형상이 이전과 비교할 수 없을 정도로 매우 구체적으로 제시되어있기 때문이다. 이 때문에 <누항사>를 비롯한 17세기 가사작품에서 근대의 맹아를 찾으려는 시도가 있었다. 그러나 사족으로서의 지위를 유지하기 위해 누구보다 노력했던 박인로가, 그것도 이덕형의 물음에 대한 답으로 지은 작품에서 가난한 삶과 소외된 괴로움을 하소연했다는 것은 상식적으로 납득이 되지 않는다. 본고는 이와 같은 문제점이 조선시대 사대부 시가문학에 나타난 ‘가난’의 의미를 잘못 파악한 데서 초래된 결과로 보고 논의를 진행하였다. 본고에서는 먼저 조선시대 사대부들이 중세인이라는 점에 주목하여, 그들의 생각과 행위, 가치판단의 기준이 되었던 유가 경전 - 특히 ?『논어』?와 『맹자』?-에 나타난 가난의 의미를 살펴보았다. 그 결과 경전에 제시된 ‘가난(貧과 窮)’은 경제적인 어려움보다는 나라에 道가 없기 때문에 자신의 뜻을 펼칠 수 없는 ‘정치적 불우(不遇)’의 의미로 사용되었으며, ‘가난한 삶’도 부조리한 현실에 영합하지 않고 공맹의 도를 굳건하게 지켜나가는 삶을 의미한다는 것을 밝혔다. 조선시대 고전시가 전반에 사용된 ‘가난’과 ‘가난한 삶’의 의미 또한 이와 다르지 않다. 고전시가에서 가난이 경제적 어려움의 의미로 사용된 것은 적어도 18세기 이후부터이다. 본고에서는 특히 그동안 논쟁의 중심에 있던 17세기 박인로와 정훈의 가사문학에 나타난 ‘가난’에 주목하였다. 두 작가의 작품에서 특히 주목되는 것은 가난의 원인이다. 16세기까지는 ‘가난-정치적 불우’의 원인을 부도덕한 개인이나 권력집단으로 인한 혼탁한 정치현실에 있다고 보았다. 반면 두 작가의 작품을 포함한 17세기에는 상하층을 막론한 사회 구성원 전체의 이념적 해이, 즉 풍속의 문제로 보고 있는 것이다. 이는 이 시기가 임진왜란 이후의 정치 경제적 혼란뿐만 아니라 대외적으로 금나라의 성장 및 명나라의 멸망이 진행되던 시기였기 때문이다. 즉 17세기에는 부조리한 현실의 원인을 부도덕한 권력집단의 문제를 넘어 中華文明의 위기라는 차원에서 바라보았던 것이다. The aim of this paper is to examine the meaning of the ‘Poverty’ on the classical poetry of Josun dynasty. In this regard the 〈Nuhangsa〉 by the Park In-ro received much attention. Because the 〈Nuhangsa〉 carries extreme poverty very concretely compared to 16C works. Many researchers thought the poverty in this work as a economic practical poverty. And they evaluated this aspect as a change of the medieval philosophy. But Park In-ro strived to keep the identity as a noble family, and the 〈Nuhangsa〉 was written as an answer to the question of Lee Duk-hyung. Like this situation, the noble man in Josun dynasty never answer his economic poverty straightforwardly. Earlier studies missed the meaning of poverty was different from now. Josun dynasty is the middle ages. The middle age persons"s thinking and act, judgement were based on specific scriptures. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the meaning of poverty given in the scriptures. The meaning listed in the Confucian scriptures are not economic poverty but political obscurity which means the noble man didn"t have a chance to show his ability. In the philosophy of Confucianism, the going into government service or not depends on the morality in the world. If the world is virtuous to exert his ability as a official, but there is immoral to keep his moral culture as a scholar was a positive life attitude. So their poor life means not swimming with the tide but following the teachings of the confucian scriptures. The first using the poverty as a economic lack was from the 18C. Until 16C the noble men attributed the cause of the political obscurity to immoral power group. But early in the 17C they thought that is due to the moral decay of all members of society. These perceptions appear in the Park In-ro and Jung Hoon"s works. These works focused on the wrong customs of the people as well as immorality of the ruling class. They perceived that as a matter of ideological crisis not of individual decay. This awareness came from Japanese invasion of Josun dynasty(1592-1598) and the downfall of the Ming dynasty by the Qing dynasty. In the Confucianism, the world is divided into civilization and savagery. And the civilization must enlighten the barbarians. Josun noble men viewed the Qing and Japan as a savagery and the Josun and Ming dynasty as a civilization. So that situation was a crisis of the civilization by the savagery. And they believed the only solution to overcome that crisis is the ideological recovery.

배즙과 배 건조분말을 첨가한 양갱의 물리화학적 특성

박연옥 ( Yeon Ok Park ),최진호 ( Jin Ho Choi ),최장전 ( Jang Jeon Choi ),임순희 ( Sun Hee Yim ),이한찬 ( Han Chan Lee ),유맹자 ( Maeng Ja Yoo ) 한국식품저장유통학회(구 한국농산물저장유통학회) 2011 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.18 No.5

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of yanggaeng prepared with pear juice and dried pear powder. The proximate composition and total polyphenol content, antioxidant activities, Hunter`s color values, texture, sensory properties of pear yanggaeng variants [pear juice (PJ), pear juice and hot-air-dried pear powder (PJH), pear juice and freeze-dried pear powder (PJF) yanggaeng] were examined. The moisture content was highest (27.9%) in the control (C) yanggaeng, but the latter`s energy and carbohydrate content were lower than in the pear yanggaeng variants. The differences between the pear yanggaeng variants were not significant. The total polyphenol content was highest in the 20.7 mg/100g PJF yanggaeng. The antioxidant activities of PJF yanggaeng were higher than those of the other pear yanggaeng varients. The Hunter color value results showed that the lightness (L) values were highest in C yanggaeng whereas the redness(a) and yellowness(b) values were highest in PJH yanggaeng. The springiness in texture was lowest in C yanggaeng and not significant in the others. The hardness and chewiness were highest in PJH and PJF yanggaeng, but adhesiveness was lowest therein. The results of the sensory test showed that PJF yanggaeng was the highest in flavor, color, taste, hardness, chewiness, and overal quality. Based on these results, it can be concluded that pear juice and freeze-dried pear powder yanggaeng has excellent physicochemical and antioxidant activities.

한국의 녹말 산업 발달사

박연성(Yeon-Sung Park) 한국식품과학회 2018 식품과학과 산업 Vol.51 No.1

The starch industry in Korea had been based on sweet potato and potato for long time to produce starches which were used for mainly starch noodle such as cellophane noodle. Because of the poor storage stability, high price, and fluctuation of production by year and year of potatoes, the raw material for the production of starch had been changed to corn in 1970s. Along with this, the mass production system had been established, which enabled the production of various starch-related products including modified starches for food, textile, paper, and other industrial uses, starch sweetners, high fructose corn syrup, and gelatinized starch. In this paper, a brief background of corn industry in Korea has been described. The production of starch from corn has been emphasized and the future of corn industry in relation with GMO has been suggested.

남녀청소년의 자아탄력성과 스트레스 대처방식

박연성(Park Yeon-Seong),현은미(Hyun Eun-Min) 가정과삶의질학회 2009 가정과삶의질연구 Vol.27 No.1

노후 저층주거지의 가로와 필지에 따른 주택유형 연구

박연정(Park, Yeon-Jeong),유해연(Yoo, Hae-Yeon) 대한건축학회 2017 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.37 No.1

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of housing type in the Haengchon district, which was one of the target areas for castle town renewal projects conducted by the Seoul Metropolitan Government to preserve and protect the residential area around the castle along with the promotion of the Seoul City Wall’s UNESCO inclusion. In the process of recording the life culture of the village, which was carried out in order to establish the rehabilitation plan, it was recognized that the village has various types of houses. The analysis of this is not only to understand the history of the village, It is considered that it can be a major factor in establishment. Therefore, the typology and characteristics of the housing in the rural area were studied. Through the study, it was found that the change of the street had a great effect on the housing type. Especially, since the types of these houses are blocked, it is considered that if different plans can be established in the future, it will be possible to continue to be a healthier village if different plans can be established.

1987년~1998년 신문지면에 사용된 전생활(全生活)백화점의 지역시설로서 의미

박연정(Park, Yeon-Jeong) 한국산학기술학회 2015 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.12

본 연구는 1980년대 말 신문 지면에 등장한 ‘전생활백화점’의 의미를 건축적으로 이해하기 위한 것이다. 전생활백화 점은 판매 이외 생활에 필요한 다양한 프로그램과 서비스를 제공하는 백화점을 설명하기 위하여 나타난 용어이다. 단어 자 체로 보면 ‘전생활’은 전(全)과 생활(生活)의 합성어로 전체 생활을 의미하므로, 구분된 생활이 있다는 것을 전제하고 있는 것이다. 따라서 근대 이후 도시와 건축에서 생활유지를 위해 필요한 공간과 건축물 등을 분류하고 구분한 지역시설로 설명 될 수 있을 것이라 생각하였고, 이를 바탕으로 지역시설로 ‘전생활백화점’을 이해해 보고자 하였다. 지역시설의 구분체계에 서 일반적으로 백화점은 3차(광역) 생활권의 시설이다. 하지만 용어가 등장한 당시 백화점의 입지와 프로그램분석을 통해 백화점이 아파트단지를 중심으로 일상생활범위 내에 위치하고 아파트에 거주하는 그들의 일상생활을 위한 공간들을 포함하 고 있었음을 확인하였다. 즉 전생활의 전(全)은 1차, 2차 생활, 3차 생활의 전체를 의미하는 것으로 이해할 수 있으며, 입지적 으로는 1차생활권에 위치한 3차생활 지역시설이었다. 이러한 특수한 백화점은 현재까지도 유효하기에 유의미하며 더 이상 전생활백화점이라는 용어는 별도로 사용하지 않는다. The purpose of this study is to clarify the architectural meaning of the term 'Whole life Department Store' that appeared in newspapers' in the 1980s. A term of 'Whole Life Department Store' is appeared to explain the emergence of department stores, including the space for a wide range of programs and services they need to live, as well as sales. This word, "Whole life", is a compound of the Whole(全) and Life(生活) and word means the entire life. This will assume that you are separated life. So I was thinking that it could be described as regional facilities that classify and distinguish the necessary space for living and building maintenance, etc. in city and architecture since the modern. And Based on this, I would understand the whole life department as regional facilities. Generally a department store is a regional facilities for higher level living area. I analyzed the location and program of department stores at the time of the emergence of the term. Through this analysis department store was located in the daily range around the apartment complex and contained spaces for the daily life of the inhabitants apartment complex. It is significant in this particular department to be valid today and the term of 'Whole Life' department store is not longer used.

배 ‘신고’ 품종의 괘대시기별 과실특성 및 병해충 피해과 발생

박연옥(Yeon-Ok Park),조영식(Young-Sik Cho),최진호(Jin-Ho Choi),최장전(Jang-Jeon Choi),황해성(Hae-Sung Hwang) 한국원예학회 2010 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2010 No.5

순차적 설계기법에 의한 DWT 75,000 정유운반선의 선형설계

박연석(Yeon Seok Park),박세라(Sera Bak),정요한(Yohan Jeong),최정규(Jung-Kyu Choi),유재훈(Jaehoon Yoo) 대한조선학회 2016 大韓造船學會 論文集 Vol.53 No.6

추출용매에 따른 조릿대 잎 추출물의 항산화활성

박연옥(Yeon-Ok Park),임현숙(Hyeon-Sook Lim) 한국식품영양과학회 2009 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.38 No.12

본 연구에서는 조릿대 잎의 물과 70% 에탄올 조추출물 2종 및 70% 에탄올 조추출물의 분획 5종에 함유된 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드 함량을 정량하고, 이들 조추출물과 분획의 항산화 활성을 검증하고자 전자공여능, SOD 유사활성, 환원력 및 지질과산화물 생성억제능을 측정하였다. 조추출물 2종의 수율은 물과 70% 에탄올 각각 8.5%와 11.4%이었다. 분획 5종의 수율은 5.1∼0.6%이었으며, aqueous, n-butanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 분획 순으로 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 물과 70% 에탄올 추출물은 두 조추출물 간에 유의한 차이가 없었으나 총 플라보노이드 함량은 70% 에탄올 추출물이 물 추출물보다 유의하게 많았다. 분획 5종의 총 폴리페놀 함량은 chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, aqueous, n-hexane 분획 순으로 많았고, chloroform 분획은 타 분획에 비해 유의성 있게 많았다. 각 분획별 총 플라보노이드 함량은 ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane, n-butanol, aqueous 분획 순으로 함량이 높았으며, chloroform과 ethyl acetate 분획은 타 분획에 비해 유의적으로 많았다. 물과 70% 에탄올 조추출물은 모두 BHT에 비해, 유의성 있게 높거나 또는 같은 수준의 지질과산화물 생성억제능을 보였으며, 동일한 수준의 SOD 유사활성을 나타내었다. 다만, 전자공여능과 환원력은 BHT에 비해 낮았다. 물과 70% 에탄올 조추출물 간에 이들 항산화 활성은 다르지 않았다. 다만, 전자공여능만 일부 농도에서 70% 에탄올 조추출물이 물 조추출물에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 분획 5종은 모두 BHT에 비해 유의성 있게 높거나 같은 수준의 지질과산화물 생성억제능을 보였다. Chloroform과 ethyl acetate 및 n-butanol의 세 분획은 전자공여능과 SOD 유사활성도 BHT에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 다만, 환원력은 분획 5종 모두 BHT보다 낮았다. 조추출물 2종과 분획 5종의 전자공여능이나 SOD 유사활성, 환원력 및 지질과산화물 생성억제능 모두 본 연구에서 실험한 농도 범위에서, 농도 의존적으로 증가했거나 또는 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초해 조릿대 잎의 물 또는 70% 에탄올의 조추출물이나 70% 에탄올의 조추출물의 chloroform과 ethyl acetate 및 n-butanol 분획은 천연 항산화제로서 특히, 지질의 과산화를 방지하는 용도로서의 활용 가치가 있다고 결론지을 수 있다. 또한 건강기능성 소재로서의 식품산업 분야에 특히, 지질과산화물 생성억제능과 SOD 유사활성이 BHT보다 우수했고, 전자공여능을 보인 점은 이들 추출물이나 분획이 생체 내에서 활성산소종을 제거하고 생체막의 구성성분의 과산화를 방지하는 등 건강기능성 작용을 수행할 것이란 점을 시사한다. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activity of bamboo (Sasa borealis) leaf extract by measuring electron donating ability, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Two crude extracts by water or 70% EtOH and five fractions of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous from the crude extract of 70% EtOH were prepared for this study. The crude extracts of water and 70% EtOH yielded 8.5% and 11.4%, respectively and the yields of n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions were 5.1% to 0.6%. Total polyphenol contents of the water and the 70% EtOH crude extracts were not significantly different; however, their total flavonoid contents were significantly greater in the 70% EtOH than in the water crude extract. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in chloroform fraction followed by ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions and total flavonoid contents were the highest in ethyl acetate fraction followed by chloroform and n-hexane fractions. The two crude extracts as well as the five fractions showed election donating ability, SOD-like ability, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Most of the antioxidant activities of each crude extract or fractions increased proportionally with the concentration. These results indicate that bamboo (Sasa borealis) leaf extracts show antioxidant activities due to its substantial content of polyphenol including flavonoid. Thus, it could be concluded that crude extracts by water or 70% EtOH and the fractions from the 70% EtOH extract, especially chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol, would be useful as natural antioxidant substances.

감정노동이 사회적 지원, 서비스 제공수준, 조직몰입, 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

박연옥(Yeon Ok Park) 한국관광연구학회 2015 관광연구저널 Vol.29 No.9

Emotional labor in service corporations who provide service encounter as airlines make negative effect on organization performance by a gap between actual emotion of employees and standard of emotional expression despite services that meet the norm are provided to customers. Therefore, corporations need plans to reduce negative effect of emotional labor on service providing level as assessing variables control a relationship between emotional labor and service providing level of employees. Therefore, this study on the effect of emotional labor on social support, service providing level, organization commitment, and job satisfaction was conducted on airline employees of the contact sector who make direct influences on the management result to provide basic data necessary for the development of airlines to be diversified and segmented in the future by investigating the effect of emotional labor, social support on service providing level and job attitude. As a result, it was identified that emotional labor affects on social support in general, organization support and coworker support, except supervisor support, among social support make effect on procedural service support of service providing level, and among social support, coworker and supervisor support except organization support affects on personal service supporter of service providing level. As a result of investigating the influential relationship of service providing level on organizational commitment and job satisfaction, the service providing level affected on organizational commitment, and personal service support of service providing level affects on service support except procedural service support.