운동생리학 : 규칙적인 운동이 Type Ⅱ 근섬유 내 지질대사 관련 유전자 및 PPAR 단백질의 발현과 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

박수연(SooYeonPark),이종삼(JongSamLee),이장규(JangKyuLee),조인호(InHoCho),김창근(ChangKeunKim) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.3

We investigated whether regular exercise exerts any significant roles in regulatory genes (i.e., fatty acid translocase [FAT/CD36] mRNA, carnitine palmitoyl transferase [CPT]-1 mRNA β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase [β-HAD] mRNA, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 [PDK4] mRNA, mitochondrial uncoupling protein-3 [UCP3] mRNA) and proteins (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor [PPAR] α and ν ) expression and enzyme (citrate synthase [CS] and [β-HAD]) activities that closely involved in lipid uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle cells. Sixteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and divided into two experimental conditions: either untrained (n=8) or trained (n=8). While rats in untrained group performed no training, animals in trained group undertook 8wk of regular exercise (4 times wk-1, 1000m session-1) on the treadmill. The expression of all genes important for lipid oxidation tended to increase in trained group but statistical significance was only found in PDK4 (p〈0.01) and UCP3 (p〈0.05). Despite increases in the expression of some of genes involved in lipid metabolism there was no effect of chronic exercise on PPARα and ν protein abundance in extensor digitorum longs (EDL) muscle (p>0.05). Similar to PPAR protein expressions, oxidative enzymes were not shown any significant effect following 8w k regular exercise program. This study suggested that activation of PPAR α and ν may not be necessary for the coordinated induction of fatty acid oxidative genes after chronically trained muscle. Additional studies examining the exercise duration and intensities of this molecular response, the major transcriptional regulators, and gene expressions should be undertaken.

운동생리학 : 장기간 운동이 쥐의 골격근의 Proteasome 발현과 Protein Oxidation에 미치는 영향

신영오(YoungOhShin),박수연(SooYeonPark),김종걸(JongGulKim),오재근(JaeKeunOh),강호율(HoYoulKang) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.4

Oxidatively modified proteins are continuously produced in cells by reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated as a consequence of aerobic metabolism. 20S proteasome complex actively recognizes and degrades oxidized proteins. Our study examined the effect of exercise on proteasome expression and protein oxidation in rats. Twenty SD male rats were randomly divided into two groups(control group, CON; exercise group, EXE), and EXE received treadmill running exercise, fixed 8% grade, 25m/min, 2-hr/day, 5days/week for 8 weeks. Soleus and plantaris were removed after 48-hr undergone last performance. 20S proteasome alpha and beta subunits, and protein carbonyl derivatives were detected by immunoblotting and densitometry. Results are as follows: Expression of 20S proteasome alpha and beta subunits in EXE have a tendency to increment, specially alpha in soleus and beta in plantaris, but no statistical significance. Protein carbonyl levels increased in EXE about 43 kDa, 37 kDA, 29 kDa. Expression of 29 kDa-matched carbonyl derivative in soleus was significant and expression of 43 kDa-matched carbonyl derivative in plantaris was significant statistically. Totally, protein oxidation in soleus was larger than in plantaris. In conclusion, chronic exercise leads to production of more protein oxidation and also 20S proteasome subuints related proteolysis.

Weight-supported 운동이 골밀도와 근력, 근파워, 근지구력에 미치는 영향

이원일(WeonIlLee),이용우(YongWooLee),박수연(SooYeonPark) 한국체육학회 2014 한국체육학회지 Vol.53 No.3

이 연구는 싸이클과 승마와 같은 weight supported 운동이 골밀도와 근력, 근파워, 근지구력에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 10명의 싸이클 선수와 승마선수를 대상으로 DEXA를 이용하여 신체구성성분과 골밀도 4부위(whole body, lumbar spine, forearm, femur)를 측정하였다. 또한 엉덩이 굴근, 신근, 내전근과 외전근 그리고 허리 굴근과 신근의 등속성 근력, 근파워, 근지구력을 측정하였다. 측정결과 1. 싸이클 선수가 승마선수보다 체지방량과 %체지방은 유의하게 낮았으며 제지방량은 유의하게 높았다 2. 싸이클 선수와 승마선수의 골밀도를 비교해 본 결과 전신골밀도, 요추부, 전완, 대퇴부 골밀도는 종목간 유의한 차이가 없었다 3. 싸이클 선수와 승마선수의 근력을 비교해 본 결과 종목간 유의한 차이가 없었다 4. 싸이클 선수와 승마선수의 근파워, 근지구력을 비교해 본 결과 싸이클 선수가 엉덩이 굴근, 신근, 그리고 외전근이 유의하게 높았으며 허리 굴근이 유의하게 높았다. 따라서 싸이클링과 승마와 같은 weight-supported 운동은 근력에는 효과가 있으나 골밀도에는 긍정적인 효과를 미치지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. whether exercise type is associate with the differences in bone mineral density and muscle strength of hip joint, we investigated bone mineral density and isokinetic muscular strength in 10 male elite-cyclists and 10 male elite-horse riders. Whole body and regional bone mineral contents and bone mineral density, and body composition were assessed using dual x-ray absorptiometry. And muscular strength, power and endurance of hip flexor and extensor, adductor and abductor, and trunk flexor and extensor were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. This study comparing cyclists to horse riders found that 1. cyclists had a significantly lower fat mass and % fat and higher lean body mass, 2. there were no significant differences in bone mineral density cyclists and horse riders at any site measured, 3. there were no significant differences in muscular strength, 4. cyclists had a significantly higher muscular power and endurance in right and left hip flexor, extensor and abductor and trunk flexor. These results confirmed that weight supported exercise is associated with high muscular strength of hip joint but not bone mineral density.

운동생리학 : 환경온도에 따른 골프 퍼팅 수행능력의 변화

김성곤(SeungKonKim),이종삼(JongSamLee),조인호(InHoCho),박수연(SooYeonPark),박영준(YoungJunPark),김창근(ChangKeunKim),권봉안(BongAnKwon) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different ambient temperature (20℃ vs. 32℃) on putting performance and physiological variables in KPGA golfers. Six male professional golfers (22.4±2yrs, 176.8±6cm, and 71.0±2kg) were recruited, and participated in one of two golf putting experiments which was performed in different ambient temperature conditions: either 22℃ or 32℃. For each experiment, all subjects undertook total 48 putting, which separated by four 12 putting trials in four different time points (i.e., REST, POST-1hr, POST-2hr, POST-3hr). Putting performance was only significantly impaired at POST-1hr (but not any other time points) in 32℃. While plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lowered at all time points, plasma lactate concentration was significantly higher at all time points in 32℃ compared to 20℃ (p<.05). In higher temperature condition, the Borg's RPE scale and core temperature were more rapidly increased, resulted in significantly higher than 20℃ condition. The GRID test, which was performed to examine the degree of psychological fatigue, did not show any consistent patterns.Based on these results, several conclusions were made. First, putting performance was significantly and negatively influenced by high ambient temperature. Second, plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased in high temperature condition. Third, plasma lactate concentration was consistently higher in 32℃ than 20℃. Compare to 20℃ condition, the change of rectal temperature and heart rate was more significant in 32℃. For elucidating of the precise effect of high ambient temperature on putting performance, field study, which carried out in actual hot and humid environmental conditions, will be required. It must also be considered to examine the effect of the water intake on putting performance while golf competition is held in hot condition.

운동생리학 : 장시간의 운동이 노화에 따른 쥐 근육 내 pro- 및 macro-glycogen 동운에 미치는 영향

어수주(SuJuEo),이종삼(JongSamLee),조인호(InHoCho),표재환(JaeHwanPyo),박수연(SooYeonPark),김효식(HyoSikKim),이장규(JangKyuLee),김창근(ChangKeunKim) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine that the effect of one single bout of prolonged exercise on pro- and macro-glycogen mobilization in aging rat skeletal muscle. Forty eight rats were used and divided into three groups by age; 0 week (n=16), 16 weeks (n=16), 32 weeks (n=16). Each experimental group was further divided into two subgroups; either control (n=8) or exercise (n=8). All animals in exercise groups performed one bout of 3hr swimming exercise (30min × 6bouts). One week before the animals were sacrificed, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 2 grams of glucoseㆍkg^-1 of body mass) was undertaken. At pre-determined time points, the animals were anesthetized by inhalation of ether, and red vastus lateralis muscle was rapidly dissected out and used for total glycogen content as well as pro- and macro-glycogen content measurement. Body mass was significantly heavier in 16wk (302.0±11.1 g) and 32wk (325.7±10.1 g) compared to 0wk (117.8±0.9g), but it was not statistically different between 16wk and 32wk. Three hours of swimming exercise significantly lowered plasma glucose concentration in all experimental groups (p<.001). Resting insulin concentration was only significantly different between 0wk and 32wk (not 16 wk). In aspects of serum insulin concentration, it was the highest in 32wk, and was the lowest in 0wk after 3hr swim exercise. Although resting total glycogen concentration was not significantly different among experimental groups, proglycogen concentration was significantly increased and macroglycogen concentration was significantly decreased in aged muscle. Although 3hr of swim exercise significantly lowered muscle PG content, MG level was not significantly altered. In summary, as aging process continued, PG concentration was increased and the degree of mobilization was continuously increased. This implies that PG may play a major role for energy production during prolonged exercise in aged rat skeletal muscles.