운동영양학: 쥐의 식이 섭취 형태와 훈련이 지구성 운동 시 에너지 동원과 대사적 적응에 미치는 영향

이종삼(JongSamLee) 한국체육학회 2002 한국체육학회지 Vol.41 No.5

In this study it was investigated that the effects of prolonged dietary intervention and regular exercise on energy mobilization and metabolic adaptation during endurance exercise in rats. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and energy consumption was calculated during prolonged exercise. It was also examined whether any changes occurred on muscle glycogen and intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) contents following these interventions. Animals that consumed a high fat diet showed less calorie intake compared to animals that fed a high carbohydrate diet(P<0.01), but there was no differences in total body mass. The muscle glycogen storage was increased following regular exercise in muscle that consumed a high carbohydrate diet, while the IMTG concentration was higher in muscles’ that dissected out form animals that consumed a high fat diet (P<0.01). In addition, there was a strong positive correlation in endurance performance capacity and the rate of weight loss during endurance exercise until exhausted (r²=. 759, P<0.01). Based on these findings, following conclusions were made. First, the rate of energy production from the fat is increased during endurance exercise if a high-fat diet is provided for a long period. Second, both muscle glycogen and IMTG content can be significantly altered depending upon dietary compositions in skeletal muscle. Third, regular exercise training is the effective way to increase of muscle glycogen, while consuming a high fat diet would be more effective way for enhancing IMTG level. Fourth, there is a strong positive correlation between endurance performance capacity and resistance ability to tolerate with continuing weight loss during long-term exercise in rats.

운동생리학 : 장시간의 운동이 노화에 따른 쥐 근육 내 pro- 및 macro-glycogen 동운에 미치는 영향

어수주(SuJuEo),이종삼(JongSamLee),조인호(InHoCho),표재환(JaeHwanPyo),박수연(SooYeonPark),김효식(HyoSikKim),이장규(JangKyuLee),김창근(ChangKeunKim) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.5

The purpose of this study was to examine that the effect of one single bout of prolonged exercise on pro- and macro-glycogen mobilization in aging rat skeletal muscle. Forty eight rats were used and divided into three groups by age; 0 week (n=16), 16 weeks (n=16), 32 weeks (n=16). Each experimental group was further divided into two subgroups; either control (n=8) or exercise (n=8). All animals in exercise groups performed one bout of 3hr swimming exercise (30min × 6bouts). One week before the animals were sacrificed, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 2 grams of glucoseㆍkg^-1 of body mass) was undertaken. At pre-determined time points, the animals were anesthetized by inhalation of ether, and red vastus lateralis muscle was rapidly dissected out and used for total glycogen content as well as pro- and macro-glycogen content measurement. Body mass was significantly heavier in 16wk (302.0±11.1 g) and 32wk (325.7±10.1 g) compared to 0wk (117.8±0.9g), but it was not statistically different between 16wk and 32wk. Three hours of swimming exercise significantly lowered plasma glucose concentration in all experimental groups (p<.001). Resting insulin concentration was only significantly different between 0wk and 32wk (not 16 wk). In aspects of serum insulin concentration, it was the highest in 32wk, and was the lowest in 0wk after 3hr swim exercise. Although resting total glycogen concentration was not significantly different among experimental groups, proglycogen concentration was significantly increased and macroglycogen concentration was significantly decreased in aged muscle. Although 3hr of swim exercise significantly lowered muscle PG content, MG level was not significantly altered. In summary, as aging process continued, PG concentration was increased and the degree of mobilization was continuously increased. This implies that PG may play a major role for energy production during prolonged exercise in aged rat skeletal muscles.

운동생리학 : 환경온도에 따른 골프 퍼팅 수행능력의 변화

김성곤(SeungKonKim),이종삼(JongSamLee),조인호(InHoCho),박수연(SooYeonPark),박영준(YoungJunPark),김창근(ChangKeunKim),권봉안(BongAnKwon) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different ambient temperature (20℃ vs. 32℃) on putting performance and physiological variables in KPGA golfers. Six male professional golfers (22.4±2yrs, 176.8±6cm, and 71.0±2kg) were recruited, and participated in one of two golf putting experiments which was performed in different ambient temperature conditions: either 22℃ or 32℃. For each experiment, all subjects undertook total 48 putting, which separated by four 12 putting trials in four different time points (i.e., REST, POST-1hr, POST-2hr, POST-3hr). Putting performance was only significantly impaired at POST-1hr (but not any other time points) in 32℃. While plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lowered at all time points, plasma lactate concentration was significantly higher at all time points in 32℃ compared to 20℃ (p<.05). In higher temperature condition, the Borg's RPE scale and core temperature were more rapidly increased, resulted in significantly higher than 20℃ condition. The GRID test, which was performed to examine the degree of psychological fatigue, did not show any consistent patterns.Based on these results, several conclusions were made. First, putting performance was significantly and negatively influenced by high ambient temperature. Second, plasma glucose concentration was significantly decreased in high temperature condition. Third, plasma lactate concentration was consistently higher in 32℃ than 20℃. Compare to 20℃ condition, the change of rectal temperature and heart rate was more significant in 32℃. For elucidating of the precise effect of high ambient temperature on putting performance, field study, which carried out in actual hot and humid environmental conditions, will be required. It must also be considered to examine the effect of the water intake on putting performance while golf competition is held in hot condition.

운동생리학 : 규칙적인 운동이 Type Ⅱ 근섬유 내 지질대사 관련 유전자 및 PPAR 단백질의 발현과 효소 활성도에 미치는 영향

박수연(SooYeonPark),이종삼(JongSamLee),이장규(JangKyuLee),조인호(InHoCho),김창근(ChangKeunKim) 한국체육학회 2004 한국체육학회지 Vol.43 No.3

We investigated whether regular exercise exerts any significant roles in regulatory genes (i.e., fatty acid translocase [FAT/CD36] mRNA, carnitine palmitoyl transferase [CPT]-1 mRNA β-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase [β-HAD] mRNA, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 [PDK4] mRNA, mitochondrial uncoupling protein-3 [UCP3] mRNA) and proteins (peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor [PPAR] α and ν ) expression and enzyme (citrate synthase [CS] and [β-HAD]) activities that closely involved in lipid uptake and oxidation in skeletal muscle cells. Sixteen female Sprague-Dawley rats were used, and divided into two experimental conditions: either untrained (n=8) or trained (n=8). While rats in untrained group performed no training, animals in trained group undertook 8wk of regular exercise (4 times wk-1, 1000m session-1) on the treadmill. The expression of all genes important for lipid oxidation tended to increase in trained group but statistical significance was only found in PDK4 (p〈0.01) and UCP3 (p〈0.05). Despite increases in the expression of some of genes involved in lipid metabolism there was no effect of chronic exercise on PPARα and ν protein abundance in extensor digitorum longs (EDL) muscle (p>0.05). Similar to PPAR protein expressions, oxidative enzymes were not shown any significant effect following 8w k regular exercise program. This study suggested that activation of PPAR α and ν may not be necessary for the coordinated induction of fatty acid oxidative genes after chronically trained muscle. Additional studies examining the exercise duration and intensities of this molecular response, the major transcriptional regulators, and gene expressions should be undertaken.

운동생리학 : 수중걷기와 지상걷기가 심혈관 질환 예측인자와 ANP(atrial natriutretic peptide) 발현에 미치는 영향

신광영(KwangYoungShin),이정필(JeongPilLee),김영주(YoungJooKim),이종삼(JongSamLee),윤진호(JinHoYoon),이상욱(SangOkLee),오재근(JaeKeunOh) 한국체육학회 2005 한국체육학회지 Vol.44 No.4

The purpose of this study was to clarify the changes of the ANP(atrial natriuretic peptide) expression and predictors of cardiovascular risk factor(HR, heart rate; BP, Blood pressure; MAP, Mean arterial pressure; RPP, rate pressure product) that occurs while walking in water and on land at an exercise intensity based on the walking speed in healthy young men. Eight volunteers(20.13±1.55yr) participated in this study as subjects. The actual trials consisted of walking for 20 minutes in 30℃(W30) and 35℃(W35) water on an underwater treadmill. The water depth of the treadmill corresponded to the level of the xiphoid process in the subject. The same subjects performed on-land walking(L) using a moving belt treadmill for 20 minutes. All 3 experimental trials were performed in same room temperature(26.0±1℃) and humidity(35~45%). The walking speed was the 3.5km/h which need same energy expenditure while walking in water and on land. HR was significantly higher in L compared to W30(p<.05). SBP, RPP(p<.05) and DBP, MAP(p<.01) were significantly higher in L compared to W35. ANP expression was increased significantly higher in W30 and W35 than L(p<.05). There were significantly negative correlation between ANP expression and BP(p<.01), MAP(p<.001). The results of this study suggest that walking in water can be recommended as safe and effective method of cardiac rehabilitation.

체급경기선수의 급속 및 점증감량기간이 혈장량 및 체수분 조절호르몬에 미치는 영향

권영우(YoungWooKwon),박승한(SeungHanPark),류호상(HoSangRye),박영명(YoungMyungPark),김진형(JinHeungKim),권광선(KwangSunKwon),이종삼(JongSamLee),이종형(JongHyoungLee) 한국체육학회 2009 한국체육학회지 Vol.48 No.3

이 연구의 목적은 복싱선수의 급속체중감량과 점증체중감량이 혈장량과 체수분조절 호르몬(renin, aldosterone)에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 것이다. 복싱선수 16명을 대상으로 급속감량집단(n=8명)과 점증감량집단(n=8명)으로 나누어 체중의 5%를 감량하였다. 급속체중감량은 3일간 이루어졌으며 1일째 2-3%, 2일째 3-4%, 3일째 5%의 체중을 감량하였다. 식이제한의 양은 하루 칼로리 섭취량의 50%로 하였다. 점증체중감량은 16일 동안 이루어졌으며 4일째 1-2%, 8일째 2-3%, 12일째 3-4%, 16일째 5%의 체중을 감량하였다. 식이제한은 하루섭취 칼로리의 40%로 하였다. 결과 체중감량은 혈장량을 감소시켰으며 급속감량집단의 감소율이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p=.007). 체중감량은 renin과 aldosterone을 증가시켰으며(p=.000), 급속감량집단의 renin 증가율이 높았다(p=.016). 이상의 결과를 종합하면 체중의 감량은 체수분은 감소시키고 체수분 조절호르몬은 증가시키며 급속감량이 점증감량보다 혈중 체수분의 감소가 높고 체수분 조절호르몬의 증가는 높은 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of rapid and gradual weight loss on plasma volume and fluid regulatory hormone(renin, aldosterone). Sixteen male boxers participated in this study and were divided to rapid(n=8, RW) and gradual weight loss group(n=8, GW). All subjects reduced approximately 5% of their body weight. In the RW, weight loss was achieved in 3day by fluid and energy restriction and forced sweating, In the GW, weight loss was lost in 16day by energy restriction and exercise. Blood samples were extracted to analyze all variables from pre and post body weight loss. Blood plasma volume showed decrease with weight reduction in both groups and the rate of decrease was higher in rapid weight loss group than that of gradual weight loss group(p=.007). Blood renin concentration increased significantly after weight loss in both group and the rate of increase was higher in rapid weight loss group than that of gradual weight loss group(p=.016). In conclusion, weight loss resulted decreased plasma volume and increased fluid regulatory hormones suggesting negative trends during weight loss. Rapid weight exaggerated such negative changes. Further study needed to elucidate the exact mechanism related to exercise performance, VO2max, capillary density with rapid and gradual weight loss.