박완서 소설 속 ‘망령들’을 통해 본 분단서사의 틈과 균열

박성은 ( Park Sung-eun ) 전남대학교 인문학연구소 2018 용봉인문논총 Vol.- No.53

박완서 소설에서 전쟁은 분단체제 하에서 일상의 삶이 어긋나는 지점에 위치한다. 전후 전쟁 경험을 바탕으로 개인이 일상을 재구성하는 과정에서 망각되고 은폐된 것들은 소설 속에서 어떤 사소한 징후로 감지된다. 그리고 그 징후들은 현재화하여 일상을 전복하고 마는 일련의 과정으로 박완서 특유의 서술방식을 통해 낱낱이 파헤쳐진다. 이와 같은 서술 방식은 전쟁과 분단이 생산하고 있는 폭력이 개인의 삶에 개입하고 작동하는 방식을 규명하고 있다. 1970-80년대 박완서의 소설은 오빠의 죽음을 토해낼 수 없는 자신의 고통뿐 아니라 연좌제의 올가미에서 빠져나올 수 없는 사람들의 고통을 서사화했다. 이 소설들은 분단체제 하에서 행사되는 구조적 폭력에 의해 재생산되는 분단 트라우마의 증상을 적실하게 드러냈지만 그것을 극복할 수 있는 희망을 발견하지는 못했다. 그러나 1987년 6월항쟁을 계기로 기억의 복원이야말로 과거를 척결하는 방법이라는 견해를 세운 박완서는 전후 비정상적인 일상을 바로잡는 과정의 시작으로 기억의 복원을 제시하였다. 이처럼 기억을 복원하고자 하는 의지는 1990년대 자전적 소설의 완성으로 ‘증언’이 되기에 이르렀다. 박완서가 진행한 ‘기억의 재현’은 트라우마를 대면케 하는 치유의 초기 단계였으며, 개인의 경험을 사회화하고 공론화함으로써 전쟁에 대한 사회적 담론의 변화를 꾀한 것이었다. 그리고 이것이 바로 분단서사의 틈과 균열을 내는 박완서식 저항의 서사 방식이었다. 이 저항의 서사 방식은 분단의 망령들, 즉 ‘죽은 자의 망령’과 ‘살아있는 자의 망령’이라는 기제로 전개된다. ‘두 망령의 서사’는 현실에 존재하지 않으면서 현실의 삶을 위협하는, 즉 분단의 폭력이 개인의 삶에 개입하고 작동하는 방식을 보여주는 것이다. 본 연구는 박완서가 사유했던 일상 속 전쟁과 분단의 트라우마를 규명하고, 나아가 전쟁과 분단 트라우마를 극복할 수 있는 가능성에 초점을 두고 재구성하고자 한다. 이와 같은 연구의 방향은 그동안 박완서의 전쟁 경험이 사적 영역의 한계로 논의되었던 것을 사회적 영역으로 확장된 의미라는 관점에서 재해석하고자 하는 의의가 있다. War presented in Park’s novels holds a position at where daily life cracks under the division of the country. During the postwar process of reorganizing one’s daily life based on war experience, forgotten and concealed things are sensed as some trivial signs in novels. Each signs are revealed in detail through Park’s unique narrative method, which depicts series of processes of the signs made present and finally turn over daily life. This kind of narrative method includes the way of violence produced by war and division of the country intervenes and then operates in individual life. Novels by Park Wansuh in 1970-80’s narrated not only her own agony of not vomiting her brother’s death, but of people who cannot extricate from the implication system. These novels precisely represented symptoms of trauma from the division of the country reproduced by violence of the system, but failed at finding hope to overcome those. However, as formulating her own opinion that the recovery of memories is a way to eradicate the past, which is affected by June Democracy Movement in 1987, she suggested the recovery of memories as starting point of a proceed to straighten abnormal postwar daily life. In this way, the volition to recover memories eventually turned out to be a ‘testimony’ by the completion of her autobiographical novel in 1990’s. She conducted ‘reproduction of memories’ as an early stage of healing process to face the trauma, which attempted a transition of social discourse on war by socializing as well as publicizing. This was so the Park’s particular narrative method making gaps and cracks of the epic on the division of the country. This narrative method develops following a mechanism of ‘souls of the division of the country’, to say, ‘souls of the dead’ and ‘souls of the living’. ‘Narration of two souls’ shows the way of how violence of division of the country intervene and operate in individual life, which threatens the real life even though it not actually existing. The research aims for investigating trauma from the war and division of the country that Park deliberated, and further reorganizing it focused on possibility to overcome the trauma from the war and division of the country. This direction of research is meaningful to reinterpret the fact itself that the war experience of Park have been discussed as the limitation of the private realm into the extended meaning to the social real.

인간 미성숙난자의 동결.융해후 체외 배양된 난자에 대한 염색체 분석

박성은,정창조,손원영,정형민,이숙환,이우식,고정재,윤태기,차광열,Park, S.E.,Chung, C.J.,Son, W.Y.,Chung, H.M.,Lee, S.H.,Lee, W.S.,Ko, J.J.,Yoon, T.K.,Cha, K.Y. 대한생식의학회 1997 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.24 No.2

Objective: To investigate effects of cryoprotectant and cryopreservation on the chromosome of the human immature oocytes. Design: Intact cumulus-enclosed immature oocytes were collected from unstimulated ovaries and divided into three groups, such as no treatment as control (group 1), only 1,2-propanediol (PROH)-treated (group 2), and cryopreserved oocytes (group 3). Oocytes in group 1, 2, and survived oocytes after cryopreservation in group 3 were cultured for 48 hours. Setting: Infertility Medical Center at the CHA General Hospital, Seoul, Korea. Patients: Oocytes were obtained from Patients undergoing gynecological surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Maturation rate, abnormality in chromosomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: There was no effect of PROH only treatment on the chromosomal abnormalities in group 2 compared to control oocytes (41.4% and 31.8%, respectively). Whereas significantly increased abnormalities in chromosome (77.8%) were found in group 3. Conclusions: Human oocytes matured in vitro after cryopreservation at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage showed increased incidence of chromosomal abnormalities. These abnormalities may impair the capacity for further development of the embryos derived from frozen-thawed oocytes.

습식화학법을 이용한 고순도 석영유리 기판 제조 및 특성평가

박성은,남병욱,안정숙,신지식,오한석,Park, Sung-Eun,Nam, Byeong-Uk,An, Jung-Sook,Shin, Ji-Shik,Oh, Han-Seog 한국반도체디스플레이기술학회 2007 반도체디스플레이기술학회지 Vol.6 No.4

Quartz glass panel was prepared by a colloidal silica through the heat-treatment only without any additives in wet-chemical method. This colloidal silica used in slurry process has the uniform distribution of particle size and lower cost. The results show that 6N as a degree of purity and the 86 percentage of violet transmittance in 1mm thickness. AFM(Atomic Force Microscopy) pattern shows that the surface roughness are less than lnm. Also, we investigated the characteristic of quartz panel according to the concentration and distribution of hydroxyl group, viscosity and thermal expansion coefficient.

분위기에 따른 실리콘 태양전지 후면 전극 및 후면 전계의 형상과 특성 분석

박성은,김영도,박효민,강윤묵,이해석,김동환,Park, Sungeun,Kim, Young Do,Park, Hyomin,Kang, Yoonmook,Lee, Hae-Seok,Kim, Donghwan 한국재료학회 2015 한국재료학회지 Vol.25 No.7

For rear metallization with Al paste, Al back contacts require good passivation, high reflectance, and a processing temperature window compatible with the front metal. In this paper, the effect of the firing ambient during the metallization process on the formation of Al rear metal was investigated. We chose three different gases as ambient gases during the firing process. Using SEM, we observed the formation of a back surface field in $N_2$, $O_2$, and Air ambients. To determine the effect of the ambient on Voc, the suns-Voc tool was used. In this study, we described the mechanism of burn-out of organic materials in Al paste during the firing process. The oxygen ambient plays an important role in the burn-out process. We calculated the efficiency with obtained the back surface recombination velocities using PC1D simulation. It was found that the presence of oxygen during the firing process influenced the uniform back surface field because the organic materials in the Al paste were efficiently burned out during heating. The optimized temperature with oxygen flow shows an absolute efficiency of 19.1% at PC1D simulation.

국가 연구데이터플랫폼과 바이오 연구데이터플랫폼의 메타데이터 상호운용성에 관한 연구

박성은,고영만,Park, Seong-Eun,Ko, Young Man 한국정보관리학회 2022 정보관리학회지 Vol.39 No.2

The 'National Research Data Platform' and the 'Bio Research Data Platform' were recently built and each is actively creating an ecosystem. It is built independently based on other metadata standards, which may cause future interoperability issues. The purpose of this study is to propose a basis for metadata interoperability between the two platforms. To this end, the metadata standards of each platform were analyzed, crosswork targets were selected and mapped, and the suitability of the mapped elements was verified through experts in the bio field. And more appropriate mapping elements were recommended to derive metadata elements for datasets and files. Through this, it was possible to confirm the possibility that the metadata of each platform could be semantically linked and the basis for securing interoperability.

정밀과학에서 자기유동연마의 최근 동향

박성은,Park, Seong-Eun 한국광학기기산업협회 2007 光學世界 Vol.109 No.-

호스피스와 미술요법

박성은,Park, Seong-Eun 한국호스피스협회 2007 호스피스 학술지 Vol.7 No.1

불임환자에 있어서 Partial Zona Dissection(PZD) 의한 임상적인 결과

박성은,최동희,노환철,고정재,박종영,차광열,Park, Sung-Eun,Choi, Dong-Hee,Rho, Hwan-Cheol,Ko, Jung-Jae,Park, Jong-Young,Cha, Kwang-Yul 대한생식의학회 1993 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.20 No.1

Micromanipulation procedures have been used to improve fertilization rates in patients with male factor or with unexplained infertility. Partial zona disseetion(PZD), a method using mechanical force to open the zona pellucida increase the chances of fertilization. The purpose of this study is to increase rates of fertilization and pregnacy in the ART program by using PZD. The influence of PZD on the fertilization rate was investigated in 57 couples with semen defects, antisperm antibodies(ASA), or unknown factors. PZD directly performed in 35 couples with a history of fertilization failure in previous cycle (Group 1), and PZD applied in 22 couples with the failure of initial fertilization in the same cycle (Group 2). The fertilization rates of the male facor, ASA positive factor and unknown factor in Group 1 were 37.6%, 20.0% and 59.2%, respectively. The rates of fertilization of male factor, ASA positive factor and unknown factor in Group 2 were 34.8%, 20.0% and 26.5%, respectively. The incidences of polyspermy in Group 1 and Group 2 were 5.9% and 9.0%, respectively. Among 35 patients of Group 1, one patient was pregnant and successfully delivered, whereas 1 of 22 patients of Group 2 became pregnant, but aborted at 7 weeks.

SOAP 브리지를 이용한 분산객체시스템의 연동

박성은,김신우,이용규,Park, Sung-Eun,Kim, Shin-Woo,Lee, Yong-Kyu 한국정보처리학회 2003 정보처리학회논문지 A Vol.10 No.2

기존에는 분산객체시스템 표준으로 CORBA, DCOM, EJB 등이 널리 사용되었으나, 최근에 웹 애플리케이션을 위한 표준 분산기술로 XML 기반의 SOAP이 제안되었다. 그러나 이러한 분산 기술들은 각각의 표준 환경에서만 운용되는 한계가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기존 분산객체시스템들과 SOAP 기반 시스템의 상호 운용성을 높일 수 있는 SOAP 브리지를 설계 및 구현한다. 이는 기존 분산객체시스템의 표준인 CORBA와 DCOM이 새로운 SOAP 기반 시스템과 연동될 수 있도록 그 형식들을 매핑하는 역할을 한다. 또한 이에 대한 성능 실험을 통해 평균 트랜잭션 처리시간에 대한 오버헤드가 크지 않음을 보인다. 따라서 SOAP 기반의 분산 객체들을 새로이 구축하는 대신에 기존 분산 환경의 객체들이 재활용될 수 있다. 그리고 SOAP 브리지의 실제 적용 사례로 대규모 분산 시스템인 XML 기반 전자입찰 시스템을 설계하고 구현한다. 이 시스템은 XML 표준을 기반으로 하기 때문에 기존 전자상거래 시스템이 갖는 표준화와 확장성의 문제를 해결할 수 있다. Distributed applications based on standards such as CORBA, DCOM, and EJB have been widely used in distributed environments. Recently, another XML-based standard, SOAP, has been recommended for web applications. However, these standards have a shortcoming in inter-operation because they can be run on their own environments. In this paper, we design and implement a SOAP bridge for inter-operation of SOAP with other distributed object standards. Its function is to map formats between SOAP and CORBA/DCOM at run time. Through performance experiments, we show that the computing overhead is small compared to the whole transaction execution time. Therefore, distributed objects of other platforms can be reused instead of developing new objects based on SOAP. Also, using the SOAP bridge, we design and implement an XML-based bidding system on the web. Because it is based on the web standards, it has advantages such as extendibility and interoperability compared to previous proprietary electronic commerce systems.

비스무스 층구조형 페로브스카이트 SrBi₂Nb₂O₉ 강유전체의 이온 치환 효과

박성은,조정아,송태권,김명호,김상수,이호섭,Park, S.E.,Cho, J.A.,Song, T.K.,Kim, M.H.,Kim, S.S.,Lee, H.S. 한국재료학회 2003 한국재료학회지 Vol.13 No.12

Doping effect of various ions in Bi-layered ferroelectric $SrBi_2$$Nb_2$$O_{9}$ (SBN) ceramics was studied. Undoped SBN ceramic and SBN ceramics doped with $Ba^{2+}$, $Pb^{2+}$,$ Ca^{2+}$ , $Bi^{3+}$ , $La^{3+}$ , $Ti^{4+}$ , $Mo^{6+}$ , and $W^{6+}$ ions were made by a solid state reaction. Dielectric constants were measured with temperature. Ferroelectric transition temperature decreased with $Pb^{2+}$ , $Ba^{2+}$ , $La^{3+}$ doping, but the transition temperature increased with $Ca^{2+}$ , $Bi^{3+}$ , $Ti^{4+}$, $Mo^{6+}$ , or$ W^{6+}$ ionic doping. These results show that the ion size plays an important role in the ferroelectricity of SBN ceramic.