Max Frisch 의 " Stiller " 에 있어서 남녀관계의 문제성

박대환 한국독어독문학회 1986 獨逸文學 Vol.37 No.1

발모에서 IGF-1과 TGF-β1의 상관관계에 관한 연구

박대환,채미현,오창현 대한미용성형외과학회 2009 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.15 No.1

In the present study, 5% NanoxidilⓇ was applied to C57BL/6 mice, and the expressions of IGF-1 and TGF-β1 were quantitatively measured through PCR analysis. There were three groups; normal saline (negative control group), 50% EtOH (vehicle control group) and 5% NanoxidilⓇ (experimental group). The topical treatment of 5% NanoxidilⓇ for 2 weeks to dorsal skin accelerated hair regrowth more than other groups: In 5% NanoxidilⓇ group, the expression of IGF-1 was significantly increased compared with normal saline and 50% EtOH groups. Compared with normal saline group, the expression in 50% EtOH group was increased by about 1.6 times and by about 2.5 times in 5% NanoxidilⓇ group compared with the normal saline group. Conversely, the expression of TGF-β1 was the lowest in 5% NanoxidilⓇ group and the highest in normal saline group. The expression of IGF-1, which stimulates hair growth, was found to be more in experimental group than in negative control group, whereas the expression of TGF-β1, which inhibits hair growth, was found to be less in experimental group. Thus, the results showed that stimulation of hair growth with 5% NanoxidilⓇ produced an increased IGF-1 expression and decreased TGF-β1 expression.

H. Hesse의 작품에 나타난 여성인물의 특성

박대환 한국독어독문학교육학회 2002 獨語敎育 Vol.25 No.-

미세박피술(Crystal peeling)의 성형외과적 이용

박대환,김찬우,오석희,김동석 대한미용성형외과학회 2002 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.8 No.1

종합토론 : 세계관광산업의 미래전망 및 미국 환대산업의 성공전략

박대환 한국호텔경영학회 ( 구 한국호텔외식경영학회 ) 2008 국제학술대회 Vol.2008 No.1

테오도르 폰타네의 작품에 나타난 결혼과 자아구현 - 작품 『마틸데 뫼링』, 『에피 브리스트』, 『간통녀』를 중심으로

박대환 한국독어독문학교육학회 2017 獨語敎育 Vol.68 No.68

Fontane stellt Frauengestalten des Kleinbürgertums ins Zentrum der Romane. Bei drei Frauengestalten (Mathilde Möhring, Effi, Melanie) in seinen Werken handelt es sich um sozialen Aufstieg und Streben nach materiellen Gütern. Um Einzug in den sozialen Aufstieg zu machen, sind Frauen berechnend, kalt. Sie streben danach, aus der engen kleinbürgerlichen Atmosphäre herauszukommen. Fontane distanziert sich von der überlieferten Moral. Aus diesem Grund wollen Frauen aus den überkommenen Normensystemen fliehen, um ihre Ziele durchzusetzen. Bei ihnen ist die Ehe ein Geschäft. Durch die Ehe wollen sie sich selbstverwirklichen. Sie benutzen die Ehe nur ein Mittel, an ihre Ziele zu kommen. Der Ehe aus wohlkalkulierten Nützlichkeitsgründen mangelt jede wahre Kommunikation. In der Gesellschaft verfügen sie trotz ihrer unwiderlegbaren Schwäche und Unterlegenheit in Relation zu den Vertretern des männlichen Geschlechts über List, Lügen, Amoral und Ungerechtigkeit als Waffe zum Überleben. In diesem Fall haben solche weiblichen Waffen nicht mit dem biologischen Charakter, sondern mit dem gesellschaftlichen aufgezwungen Normensystem zu tun. Solche weiblichen Waffen sind eine Art Reproduktion der Gesellschaft. Zusammenfassend würde ich sagen, Fontane hat versucht, durch die selbstbewussten aktiven Frauengestalten in der Ehe für Gleichberechtigung von Mann und Frau zu plädieren. Also bedeutet Abweichen von den Normen Selbstverwirklichung. Soziales Aufstiegsstreben bei Frauen in der Ehe ist Emanzipationsakt von männlich orientierten Normensystemen. In diesem Sinne würde ich Fontane als modernen Schriftsteller bezeichnen. 테오도르 폰타네 Theodor Fontane(1819-1898)는 60세가 되어서 처녀작을 발표 할 정도로 뒤늦게 저술활동을 시작했다. 작품에서 다양한 여성인물들을 묘사하고 있는 그는 사회에서 여성의 위치를 작품의 테마로 삼고 있는 경우가 많다. 때문에 여성 소설들을 많이 쓴 그를 두고 여성의 작가라고 부르기도 한다. 그에 있어서 때로 여성은 여러 가지 형상 즉 부인, 어머니, 연인 또는 남성의 성적대상물로 나타나고 있지만 주요 여성인물들에게서 결혼과 관련하여 전통적인 규범 파괴가 나타나고 있다. 이 경우 규범 파괴로 인해서 여성들에게 갈등이 생겨나기도 하지만 이 여성들은 독자적인 의지를 가지고 이를 극복하기도 한다. 폰타네는 작품이외에도 많은 편지들과 서평에서 고백조로 자기는 여성들에게 호감을 가지고 있다고 말할 정도로 여성 예찬론자이다. 그는 초기소설에서 여성의 얼굴묘사나 인물특성 등에 관해 자세히 묘사하고 있지만 후기 소설에서 여성을 비교적 간단하게 묘사하고 있다. 무엇보다 그는 19세기 남녀관계의 현실을 있는 그대로 묘사하려고 했다. 쇼펜하우어나 바이닝어의 반여성적인 입장과 달리 폰타네는 여성을 부정적으로 묘사하지 않았다. 그가 1894년 12월 6일 파울과 파울러 쉬루텐 Paul und Pauler Schluthen에게 보낸 편지에서 “나는 여성 열광자이고 여성에 대해 강한 정서적 공감을 지니고 있다”(Erler 1968, 361)고 말 한데서 보듯, 그는 누구보다 여성에 우호적인 입장을 취한 작가였다. 일부에서 폰타네의 여성인물묘사와 관련하여, 남성적-여성적 고정관념에서 벗어나지 못한 나머지 폰타네를 여성해방에 회의적인 입장을 지닌 사람으로 규정하기도 하지만 필자는 오히려 여성적-해방적 측면에서 그의 여성상을 연구하고자 한다. 따라서 필자는 첫째 폰타네의 여성 인물들 가운데 자의식과 독립심이 강한 주요 인물들을 선택하여 그가 남성적 시각을 여성에 투사하고 있다고 주장한 일부 연구가들의 논리의 부당성을 지적하고, 둘째 여성들의 특성은 사회적 환경과 무슨 관계가 있으며, 셋째 여성들은 자아구현을 위해 어떤 수단을 활용하고 있는지를 규명하여 그의 세계관 이해에 일조(一助)하고자 한다.

흰쥐의 전층결손 창상모델에서 알긴산이 창상치유에 미치는 영향

박대환,정재민,이승재,송철홍 한국생체재료학회 2006 생체재료학회지 Vol.10 No.1

Alginate is a family of natural copolymers of -D-mannuronic acid (M) and a-L-guluronic acid (G). Because of its biocompatibility, abundance in source, and low cost, it has been widely used not only in the food industry but also for a variety of biomedical applications. Especially, it has been recently explored as scaffolding materials for tissue engineering applications. In order to evaluate the efficacy of alginate on wound healing, thirty Sprague-Dawly white rats served as the experimental models. In this study, we prepared alginate as a cross-linked lyophilized disc form (group B) and compared it with vaseline ointment (group A) and fibroblast growth factor mixed alginate (group C) through full thickness excisional wound models of rat. Three full thickness skin defects of 2 cm in diameter were made on the back of the white rat and three groups of dressing material were applied on the wound. And evaluated gross finding by means of percentage of wound healed, epithelization and contraction by tracing the remained wound area on days 5, 10, 15, 20 after wound introduction and wound biopsy were performed on days 3, 7, 12, 21. Group B and C showed statistically higher percentage of wound contraction and wound healed than control group (p<0.05). Group C showed statistically higher percentage of wound contraction, epithelization and wound healed than group B. Histopathologically, group B and C demonstrate less inflammatory cell infiltration, which stimulated angiogenesis and fibroblast proliferation than control group. This result suggests that alginate has a potential as a new dressing material because of promotion of wound contraction, reduction in inflammatory reaction during the inflammatory phase and showed possibility of being scaffold of fibroblast proliferation.

Marcus Gunn 현상의 치험례

박대환,송철홍,안기영,한동길 대한미용성형외과학회 1999 Archives of Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Vol.5 No.2

Reversible Sol-Gel Transition of Silicone Complex Fluids Using Hydrophobically Modified Attractive Hectorite Nanoplatelets as Rheology Modifiers

박대환,김도연,김진웅 한국공업화학회 2019 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2019 No.0

Herein, we introduce a facile but robust approach to fabricate attractive hectorite nanoplatelets (AHNPs), in which the surface of HNPs was hydrophobically modified by using a cationic surfactant, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium chloride. We could finely disperse the AHNPs in the silicone oil by repeated high pressurized homogenization. The suspension rheological studies revealed that the AHNPs interacted to form a strong gel phase that exhibits the reversible shear stress-responsive sol-gel transition. Based on the chemical and structural characterization of AHNPs by using XRD, FT-IR, AFM, and TEM analyses, we interpreted this is attributed to the weak but long-range edge-to-edge interaction of AHNPs in the silicone oil, which is induced by the hydrogen bonding between small amounts of hydroxy groups at the edge of AHNPs. The AHNPs fabricated in this study are expected to be widely used as rheology modifiers for various oil-based complex fluids.

Wirkung von Namen und Symbolik im Lustspiel “Der zerbrochene Krug” von Kleist

박대환 조선대학교 국제문화연구원 2018 국제문화연구 Vol.11 No.1

When “Der zerbrochene Krug” of Heinrich von Kleist came first time to stage in Weimar, people thought it was boring and an example of bad taste. It has been a scandal. But in the early 19th century the public could not understand the contents. They did not understand that the Law had been broken. Today the reception is totally opposite: “Der zerbrochene Krug” is estimated as a classic masterpiece.