ICSID 협약상(協約上) 취소제도(取消制度)의 성격(性格)및 취소사유(取消事由)에 관한 소고(小考): 명백(明白)한 월권(越權)및 이유(理由) 미기재(未記載)를 중심(中心)으로

박건도 ( Keon Do Park ) 한국법정책학회 2010 법과 정책연구 Vol.10 No.3

Since late 1990, arbitration on international investment dispute according to ICSID, seems to be very active. Article 52 of ICSID regulates on annulment of arbitration, which may function as relief step of error of arbitration, but may also harm the value of arbitration, which is being first and final solution of the disputes. Republic of Ecuador declared on annulment of ICSID treaty in 2009, which was established in the process of annulment of arbitration against M.C.I. Power Group, which will be studied in this paper. Reason claimed on annulment was obvious arrogation of rights regulated under proclamation b, and failure to state reasons under proclamation 3, among reasons classified under article 52, clause 1 of ICSID. However, committee on annulment interprets these reasons in very limited method. Furthermore, annulment of Article 53 of ICSID is different from an appeal. In another words, annulment is related to procedural legality than its accuracy in content, and the judgement becomes void and not corrected. In interpreting the reasons of annulment, the purpose of arbitration of ICSID should be considered, and should be determined in the way which links to the characteristics of annulment. If the combination of finality and accuracy is in the center of this problem, than the arbitration, result of annulment and interests of the related should be encountered as factor of solving this problem. For example, substances which causes significant effect should be included in the reasons of annulment. And in investigation on determining the existence of reasons for annulment, actual substance has to be the subject of investigation, thus differentiation between appeal and annulment is not clarified. Therefore, there is a demand to classify the reasons of annulment more specifically, to give predictability to contracting parties and other personnels.

일반연구논문 : 상법(商法) 개정안(改正案) 중(中) 손해방지의무(損害防止義務) 관련 규정 (關聯規定) 에 관한 검토(檢討)

박건도 ( Keon Do Park ) 한국법정책학회 2015 법과 정책연구 Vol.15 No.1

Insured`s or insurance policyholders` duty to sue and labour can be acknowledged on the basis of gambling contractual feature of insurance, protection of public interest, and demand of good faith. It is first provided in the Marine Insurance Act 1906. Duty to sue and labour is legal duty, but it is not duty in the usual sense of private law obligations actionable in damages. A breach of duty by a insured or policyholder breaks the chain of causation between the insured event and the resulting loss and to that extent insurers are not liable. In principle, this duty imposed on insured or policyholder after the insurance accident happened. Insured or policyholder should exert ordinary prudence such as uninsured man would use under same circumstances, only to accident that can be admitted for subject-matter of insurances. Breach of this duty with intention or gross negligence makes insured or policyholder not to exercise insurance claims. In this case, insurer should prove the intention or gross negligence of insured or policyholder. Sue and labour expenses must be the expenses that insured or policyholder paid, that occurred after the accident`s happening, that can be admitted for loss of subject-matter of insurance and that should be necessary or beneficial for averting or minimizing the damages. In averting or minimizing the loss, insurers` instruction is not sine qua non. The duty to defend can be distinguished from the duty to sue and labour, also the defend expenses is different from sue and labour expenses in terms of each coverages. The Korean Commercial Law revision plan 200 provisions relevant to duty to sue and labour have some problems. First, duty to sue and labour should be acknowledged when the accident`s imminent dangers happens or when accident`s occurrence is worried after completion. Second, duty to sue and labour is ``indirect duty``. So in case of breaches of this duty by intention or gross negligence, the effects of breaches should be incapacity of insured or policyholder to request for damages to that extent, and should not be capacity of insurer to setoff. Third, in averting or minimizing the loss, insurers` instruction is not sine qua non. And the expenses that exceeds the sum of sue and labour expenses and rewards are not in insurance`s coverages.

EU의 공개매수 규율에 관한 법리

박건도(Park, Keon-Do) 한양법학회 2022 漢陽法學 Vol.33 No.2

The EU"s 2004/25/EC Directive has served as the basis for basic discipline in the tender purchase of listed companies in the European Union. The purpose of this directive is to first enhance legal stability in Tender-related acts and transparency and transparency in the EU as a whole. Second, to protect shareholders (especially minority shareholders), workers, and other stakeholders through transparency and information rights, Third, strengthening the freedom to trade and exercise voting rights on company securities, promoting tender purchases through prohibition of activities that hinder tender purchases, and fourth, strengthening the single market by free capital movement throughout the EU. The main contents of the guidelines include Article 5"s mandatory tender purchase rules, Article 9"s board neutrality rules, and Article 11"s defense reversal rules, and Article 5 applies to all member states, but the application of Articles 9 and 11 can be excluded at the option of the member states. It is also necessary to refer to the laws of major European Union member states centering on EU guidelines for the introduction of mandatory tender purchases, new stock options, and differential voting stocks that are continuously discussed in Korea.

상법상 회사에서의 이해상충 규율에 관한 일고찰 - 주식회사의 이사를 중심으로 -

박건도(Park, Keon-Do) 한양법학회 2021 漢陽法學 Vol.32 No.3

Conflict of interest has caused much controversy in many areas and has been discussed continuously in recent years. Under the company law, it can be evaluated that discussions on duty of loyalty and conflicts of interest took place before and after the establishment of the usurpation of corporate opportunity in the 2011 Commercial Act. There will also be a number of conflicts of interest in the legal relationship with the company, but the most central part of which is the conflict of interest between the corporation and directors. Representative contents of the conflict of interest regulation are competition, usurpation of corporate opportunity, self-dealing etc., which are understood as a system aimed at preventing directors from pursuing their own interests based on the company’s assets or opportunities. In this study, first, the concept of a conflict of interest is examined, the provisions related to the conflict of interest in our legal system are also surveyed, and the legal principle of the fiduciary duty is also briefly summarized in this regard. Next, an overview of the UK and EU conflict of interest rules is provided. Finally, the rules on conflicts of interest under the Commercial Act were reviewed with a focus on the directors of a corporation.

이중 중합효소연쇄반응 ( Nested - PCR ) 을 이용한 파라핀 포매조직내의 나균의 검출

박건,원영호,김영표,전인기 ( Keon Park,Young Ho Won,Young Pio Kim,Inn Ki Chun ) 대한피부과학회 1994 대한피부과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

나병은 Mycobacterium leprae에 의해 발생하는 만성염증성 질환으로 실험관내에서 균이 배양되지 않으며 기존의 조직학적, 혈청학적 진단법, 피부 도말검사, 피부 지각검사는 낮은 민감성과 특이성 때문에 특징적인 피부병변을 보이지 않는 초기의 환자에서 나병을 진단하기란 매우 어려운 형편이다. 왜냐하면 항상성 염색에서 양성을 보이는 균일지라도 나균으로 확진할 수 없고 광학 현미경에서 균을 관찰할 수 있는 치소한의 균수가 10^4/㎖ 정도로 상당히 많은 양이 존재하여야 하기 때문이다. 그러므로 조직학적 검사에서 균이 발견되지 않고 염증성 반응이 비특이적이며 신경내 염증 소견이 보이지 않는다면 나병의 진단은 거의 불가능한 실정이다. 이러한 진단법상의 문제로 인해 환자의 조기 발견과 적절한 치료가 필수적인 나병에 있어서 본 질환의 확산 방지와 환자의 신체적 불구를 예방하는데 어려움을 겪고 있다. 근래에는 나균을 증명하는데 면역학적, 생화학적 방법, 그리고 핵산의 표식자(probe)를 이용하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있으며 이러한 방법으로 기존의 진단법이 가지고 있는 낮은 특이성과 민감도를 극복하려 하고 있다. 이러한 시도의 한가지 예를 들면 Clark-Curtiss등이 dot blot hybridization을 이용해 약 300마리의 나균으로 부터 분리되는 정도의 양인 핵산 1pg 정도의 비교적 적은 양을 핵산의 표식자를 사용하면 검출할 수 있음을 보고하였다. 한편 분자생물학적 진단법의 한가지인 중합효소 연쇄반응(PCR)은 환자의 여러가지 종류의 검체를 사용하여 직접 나균의 핵산을 분리하고 이중에서 원하는 부위의 핵산만을 선택적으로 증폭시켜 균의 존재 여부를 신속하고 정확하게 알아낼 수 있으므로 이 방법으로 나균을 증명하려는 시도가 이루어지고 있다. Woods와 Co.e등은 M.lepae groEL gene에 대한 한쌍의 primer를 사용하여 PCR을 시행하였고, Hartskeerl등은 나균에 감염된 armadillo의 조직에서 나균의 36-kDa 항원을 encoding하는 유전자의 일부분을 증폭하여 균의 존재 여부를 알아낼 수 있었다. 최근에는 개량된 중합효소 연쇄반응의 한가지 방법인 nested-PCR법이 많이 사용되고 있다. 이 방법은 증폭하려는 유전자 부분을 먼저 outside primers로 증폭시키고 여기서 얻어진 반응 산물의 염기서열중 일부분을 목표로 하는 inside primers와 반응시켜 2번째 증폭을 시행하여 적은 수의 DNA도 효과적으로 증폭시킬 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 나균의 세포벽 단백질의 구성 성분중의 하나인 65-KDa 항원 유전자를 nested-PCR로 증폭하고자 하였는데 이론적으로 이 방법은 특이성과 민감도 면에서 1쌍의 primer만을 사용했던 기존의 중합효소 연쇄반응보다 뛰어나다고 볼 수 있다. 왜냐하면 서로 다른 2쌍의 primer에 원하는 핵산이 부착할 확률이 높아지고, 한 쌍의 primer가 관여하는 반응 횟수가 줄어들어 의미없는 핵산의 띠가 적어지기 때문이다. 저자는 임상에 쉽게 구할 수 있는 나환자의 파라핀 포매 조직에서, 나균에 특이하다고 알려진 65-kDa 항원의 DNA를 증폭하는데 2쌍의 primer를 사용하는 nested-PCR을 시행하고 나병의 병형에 마른 검출율을 관찰하여 본 검사법의 진단적 가치를 알아보고자 하였다. Background:Diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy is difficult owing to lack of sensitive diagnostic tools. Recently, several investigators have studied the use of polymenase chain reaction(PCR) to detect Mycobacterium leprae. Using nested-PCR the sensitivity and specificity of DNA amplification is considerably improved. Objective:The purpose of investigation is to assess the efficacy of nested-PCR which is applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsies material of patients with leprosy. Methods:Biopsy samples were taken from patients with lepromatous(11 patients) and tuberculoid(10 patients) leprosy, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraflin. The DNA from samples was extracted and amplified through 25 cycles by using the outside pairs of primer(L_1 and L_2). The second amplification was allowed to proceed through 15 cycles using inside pairs of primer(L_3 and L_4). Results:All twenty one samples showed 347-base-pair products. To confirm that the 347-bp prod-uct did correspond to the expected portion of the M.leprae gro? gene, the amplified product was digested with Pst Ⅰ. Pst Ⅰ digestion yielded 254-and 93-bp fragments, as predicted from the sequence of the M.leprae gene. The sensitivity was that a single organism was identified by nested-PCR. Conclusion:The nested-PCR is sensitive, specific, and simple diagnostic tool for leprosy.(Kor J Dermatol 1994;32(3):462~468)

H-type 기관식도루 1례

박건,김영두,권종범,원용순,곽문섭,Park, Kuhn,Kim, Young-Du,Keon, Jong-Bum,Won, Yong-Soon,Kwack, Moon-Sub 대한기관식도과학회 2000 大韓氣管食道科學會誌 Vol.6 No.1

Isolated(H-type) tracheoesophageal fistula without esophageal atresia occurs in approximately 4% of esophageal anomalies, and represents the least form of abnormal laryngotracheo-esophageal communication. Its symptoms such as coughing and choking The during the feeding, abdominal distension and recurrent pneumonitis usually start from birth. Diagnosis is made between 4 days to 4 years using the contrast esophagography and/or tracheoscopy. In case of diagnostic delay the postoperative mortality is not negligible and the most common cause of mortality is respitatory problems(infection, respiratory distress). So early diagnosis is essential in the newborn period with high index of suspicion. We report a case of H-type TEF in which operative repair was successful with references to recent literature.

지상 LiDAR자료를 이용한 사면변화 탐지

박건(Park Keon),양인태(Yang In Tae),최승필(Choi Seung Pil),김성학(Kim Sung Hak) 대한공간정보학회 2008 한국공간정보학회 학술대회 Vol.2008 No.10

국부적이지만 수 ㎜단위까지 스캔이 가능한 지상LiDAR 장비를 이용하여 사면을 스캐닝 한 후에 사면의 6개 지점에 대하여 강제로 변화를 준 후 다시 스캐닝하여 분석한 결과 0.008m의 평균편차를 나타내었다. 이것을 볼 때 미세변화 탐지를 위한 기법으로 지상LiDAR자료의 적용이 유효할 것으로 판단된다.

지방 육종의 생존율과 예후 인자

김재도,박건,손정환,홍영기,박정호,Kim, Jae-Do,Park, Keon,Son, Jeong-Hwan,Hong, Young-Gi,Park, Jeong-Ho 대한근골격종양학회 1996 대한골관절종양학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Liposarcoma is second in frequency only to malignant fibous histocytoma among the soft tissue sarcoma. Many different factors which might affect the survival rate of liposarcoma have been reported by many authors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate survival rate of liposarcoma and define the prognostic factors that affected survival rate. The authors analysed retrospectively 17 patients of liposarcoma in extremities from May 1984 to Dec. 1995 who had been treated in department of orthopaedic surgery of Kosin University Medical Center. All cases were resected with marginal or wide margin. There were 9 men and 8 women. The mean age was 48 years. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 96 months. We compared the prognosis of the patients with several factors; age, sex, surgical staging, size, site, histologic type and treatment modality. At last follow-up, the presence of local recurrence was in 3 cases and the presence of lung metastasis was in 8 cases. The survival rates by Kaplan-Meier product limit method at 2 years and 5 years were 87% and 57% respectively. The statististically significant difference was estimated in histologic type, but was not estimated in age, sex surgical staging, size, site and treatment modality. In conclusion, the histologic type is considered as the most important factor of the prognosis in liposarcoma. Although it was too few patients for the differences to be statistically significant, we consider that surgical staging, site, size, the radio-therapy and chemothrapy in liposarcoma will affect the prognosis.

수지말단 경화증과 방사선 골괴사에 의한 수지소실을 보인 만성 방사선 피부염

전정인,박건,김성진,이승철,원영호,전인기 ( Chung Inn Chun,Keon Park,Seong Jin Kim,Seung Chul Lee,Young Ho Won,Inn Ki Chun ) 대한피부과학회 1997 대한피부과학회지 Vol.35 No.1

Chronic postirradiation changes of skin reflect the injury of dermal structures particularly the vasculature and connective tissue. The clinical signs include atrophy, partial or complete destruc tion of cutaneous appendatges, telangiectasis, sclerosis of underlying tissue, pigrnentary changes, and in rare instances, ulceration with or without var ious premalignant and malignant neoplasms. The patient, was a 65-year-old man, who had been exposed to a large amount. of X-ray irradi- ation on his hands incidentally or accidentally for a long time. The skin changes of his hand were thickening and hardening of all digits loss or focal consttict,ion of digits, and keratotic papules. Epidermal hyperplasia and fibrous thickening of collagen bundles were found on skin biopsy. Gradual narrowingal of the bony caliber with eventual resorption was noticed on radiologic examination. It has been rarely reported in the literature that chronic radiation dermatitis develops severe and unusal manifestions such as acrosclerosis and loss of digit due to osteoradionecrosis. (Kor J Dermatol 1997;35:.1): 135-138)

다한증 환자에서 흉강경 하 흉부교감신경 절제술 후 발생한 복합부위 통증 증후군 -1례보고-

권종범,심성보,원용순,박건,이재광,곽문섭,김종렬,윤건중,Kweon, Jong-Bum,Sim, Sung-Bo,Won, Yong-Soon,Park, Kuhn,Lee, Jae-Kwang,Kwack, Moon-Sub,Kim, Jong-Lul,Yoon, Keon-Jung 대한흉부심장혈관외과학회 2000 Journal of Chest Surgery (J Chest Surg) Vol.33 No.6

Thoracoscopic sympathectomy is a common technique used to treat plamar hyperhiodrosis. The complications of thoracoscopic sympathectomy are rare. Recently, we experienced a complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS) after thoracoscopic sympathecotomy in a patient with hyperhidrosis. The treatment of this complication was chemical epidural sympathetic block and conservative pain control. The result of this treatment was good. The patient was recovered after one month.