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A Study on Streamlining Korea Customs through UNI-PASS
Cheol-Kyu Maeng(맹철규),Eun-Jae Lee(이은재) 한국관세학회 2018 관세학회지 Vol.19 No.2
For decades, the Korea Customs streamlined its customs-clearing procedures, which created business-friendly environment for traders in and out of the country. Trade volume of Korea has exponentially i ncreased for the past decades from 1 9 70 t o 2010, but t he n umber o f customs personnel resources increased to a limited degree, which enlarged per capita customs-related administrative burdens on customs staff members by more than 100 times. Korea Customs was highly motivated by the fast-increasing burdens in customs administration enough to streamline its customs-clearing procedures based on ICT. Following the guidelines from WCO and UN, Korea Customs adopted a Single Window system and internalized it successfully, installing UNIPASS, an Internet-based portal system for customs clearance. During the period of time in streamlining the customs clearance procedures, PGAs(Participating Government Agencies) cooperated with each other, and relevant laws and regulations were unified and modified in order to have tangible outcomes. This study focuses on the background of the deregulation, cooperation procedures among PGAs, increased efficiency in trading, and empirical evidence by calculating the economic benefits by the enhanced trading environment.
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최근 거대 경제권과의 FTA 발효에 따른 국내 자동차 수입시장의 구조변화
맹철규(Cheol-Kyu Maeng) 한국관세학회 2013 관세학회지 Vol.14 No.2
For decades, the major products in the Korean imported automobile market are from the European Union, Japan, and the United States. As of the year 2012, the imported automobile from the major economies accounted for more than 80% of Korea’s total import auto market. With the activation of the Free Trade Agreements with the European Union and the United States, Korea’s import market for automobile has changed slightly but clearly through the bilateral tariff elimination schedules. The assumption for this study is that with the regional integration between Korea and EU and between Korea and USA, the comparative advantage of the two major economies’ products in Korean market are to be enhanced, and the products from Japan are to be downed on the contrary based on Viner (1950)’s theory of Trade Creation and Trade Diversion Effect through the formation of Customs Union. This study analyzes the changes in the comparative advantage of the products from EU, Japan, and the USA after Korea’s FTAs with EU and US by using Market Comparative Advantage Index in order to prove if there is the trade creation and trade diversion effects from the customs union.
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맹철규(Cheol-Kyu Maeng) 한국관세학회 2014 관세학회지 Vol.15 No.4
Nowadays, it is widely said that a country’s national competitiveness is evaluated by the level of its efficient business-friendly environments for the productivity of enterprises through international institutions. Influenced by the Diamond Model by Michael E. Porter’s(1990), many international institutions pursue the values which create good environments for enterprises’ economic activities through quantitative and qualitative methodologies. Understanding the importance of customs administration in one country’s national competitiveness and its roles in creating efficiency of world trades, this study focuses on the methodologies to evaluate customs administration in major international institutions, for which it analyzes the values and contents of their standardized evaluation components, evaluating methodologies and procedures of World Bank’s Doing Business Index, WEF’s Global Competitiveness Index, and IMD’s World Competitiveness Index respectively.
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맹철규(Cheol-Kyu Maeng) 조선대학교 지식경영연구원 2021 기업과 혁신연구 Vol.44 No.3
정부의 혁신형 기업에 관심을 가지고 육성하게 된 것은, 정부의 중소기업 지원 정책과 밀접한 관련을 지닌다. 중소기업은 전체산업에서 업체 수 기준으로 90%가 넘는 비중을 차지하며, 그중에서도 소상공인의 비중이 전체의 80%를 상회하여 국민 실생활과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 정부는 중소기업 중에서 혁신형 기업을 발굴하여 이를 지원하기 시작하였는데, 일반기업에 비해 경제적 파급효과가 크고 부가가치 창출 효과가 크다고 판단하였기에 점진적으로 혁신형 기업에 대한 지원을 확대하였다. 정부는 1998년 벤처기업 지원정책을 시작으로, 2001년 이노비즈(Inno-Biz) 기업, 2006년 경영혁신형 기업으로 이른바 혁신형 기업의 세 가지 유형별로 오늘날에 이르기까지 금융지원 및 세제 혜택, 인력지원. R&D 지원 등 다양한 분야에 걸쳐 지원정책을 시행하고 있다. 본 연구는 정부가 정의하고 있는 혁신형 기업의 정의와 지원정책의 주요 내용을 고찰하고, 정책수립 단계에서 벤치마킹한 미국과 OECD의 혁신형 중소기업이 개념과 지원정책 내용과의 차이점을 분석하고 향후 발전방안을 위한 정책적 제언을 하고자 하였다. The government"s interest in and fostering innovative enterprises is closely related to the government"s SME support policy. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) account for more than 90% of the total industry based on the number of companies, and among them, small business owners account for more than 80% of the total, which is closely related to the daily life of the people. The government discovered innovative companies among SMEs and started to support them. Since it was judged that the economic ripple effect and value-added effect were greater than that of general companies, the support for innovative companies was gradually expanded. The government started with the venture business support policy in 1998, followed by financial support, tax benefits, and human resources support into three types of so-called innovative companies: Inno-Biz companies in 2001, and management innovation companies in 2006. Supportive policies are being implemented across various fields, including R&D support. This study examines the government"s definition of innovative companies and its supportive measures, and compares the innovative company support policy based on the US SME policy and the concept of innovative companies specified in the OECD Oslo Manual and its contents, through which this paper is intended to draw implications for the government’s successful policy implementation.
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자유무역협정의 관세철폐가 정부세수에 미치는 영향 실증분석
맹철규(Cheol-Kyu Maeng) 한국관세학회 2018 관세학회지 Vol.19 No.3
This study re-examines the relationship between free trade agreements and government tax revenue using the case of the Korea-Chile FTA. In 2011, Korea became a $ 1 trillion trading nation. This resulted from the expansion of free trade agreements with other countries since the Korea-Chile FTA first entered into force in 2004. As of 2018, Korea’s FTA with 15 economic zones accounts for more than 70% of the total trade volume. Generally, tariff elimination or reduction between FTA trading partners tend to result in a decline of government revenue while increasing consumer welfare for both trading partners. However, this study assumes that an increase in trade volume between the FTA trading partners could increase government revenue with the increased trade volume and the structure of taxation procedures. To substantiate the assumption, the present analysis looks into the statistics, tariffs, and government revenue associated with the Korea-Chile FTA.
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맹철규(Cheol-Kyu Maeng) 한국무역연구원 2022 무역연구 Vol.18 No.6
Purpose – This paper focuses on developing the Rare Earth Element Import Diversification Index (REEIDI) to monitor the sustainability of the rare earth elements’ import volume in the Korean domestic market and industry. Design/Methodology/Approach – The data used in this paper is the import volume of REEs from trading partners in the form of kilograms and US dollars by the Korea Customs Services monthly from 2011 to 2021. The REEIDI is calculated from the inverse formula of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, which shows the diversification level of Korea’s REE imports. Findings – The REEIDI enhanced from 1.850 in 2011 to 2.656 in 2021. During the period from 2011 to 2021, the price of the imported REEs and REEIDI showed an inverse relationship. It is empirically proved that REEIDI explains the changes in the REE price. Research Implications – With the development of REEIDI, the sustainability of REE imports can be monitored on a regular basis. Through this paper, it is implied that the REEIDI could reflect the changes in the import price of REEs to the Korean domestic market.
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