반려견과의 놀이활동이 자폐성 장애아동의 사회적 상호작용에 미치는 영향

마영남,강경숙,김원,김옥진 한국정서ㆍ행동장애아교육학회 2011 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구는 반려견과의 놀이활동이 자폐성 장애아동의 사회적 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 알아보는데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 I시 A복지관을 통해 추천받은 8세에서 12세 사이의 자폐성 장애아동 중에서 반려견과의 놀이활동을 수행할 수 있는 아동으로 부모의 동의를 받아 3명을 최종 선정하였다. 본 연구는 4개월간 주 1회(50분) 총 17회기를 실시하였으며, 반려견 3마리, 동물보조치료 활동사 3명, 보조자 3명과 관찰자 4명이 진행하였다. 연구의 효과를 검증하기 위해 각 사례별 목표행동의 빈도와 비율을 측정하였다. 기초선, 중재, 유지의 순서로 이루어졌으며, 자료분석은 사회적 상호작용의 향상 여부를 판단하기 위해 시각적 분석과 중재상황에서의 행동변화를 관찰, 기록한 질적 자료를 분석하여 부분적으로 제시하였다. 결과는 반려견과의 놀이활동은 자폐성 장애아동의 사회적 상호작용의 하위영역인 개시행동, 반응행동, 확장된 사회적 상호작용 증진에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 이 활동은 언어적·인지적 수준이 낮은 자폐성 장애아동에게 유용하며, 나아가 부적절한 사회적 행동을 감소시키기 위한 중재 방법으로도 활용할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to verify the influences of play activities with companion dog on the social interaction with children with autism spectrum disorders. The study subjects of 8-12 year old with autism spectrum disorders referred by the A welfare center in I city. Three children of 8-12 years with autism spectrum disorders who can play with companion dog were selected as subjects of the study. The final subjects were selected with recommendation by A welfare center in I city and with the consent of their parents. Play activities with companion dog in this study were conducted once a week (50 minutes) for a total of 17 sessions during from February to June 2010 and accompanied by 3 companion dogs, 3 handlers, 3 assistants, 4 observers. In order to verify the effectiveness of the study, the frequency and percentages of target behaviors of each case were measured. The data were presented by analyzing the visual data in order to verify whatever social interaction improved and the qualitative data in order to verify whatever behaviors changed during interventions. The results showed that play activities with companion dog have a influence on initiation behavior, response behavior and expanded social interaction which are the sub-factors of autism spectrum disorder children's social interaction. These activities are particularly useful for children with autism spectrum disorders with low level language. Furthermore, these activities can be used as intervention method which help to reduce inappropriate social behavior of the children with autism spectrum disorders.

자기성찰과 정신건강 간의 5요인 마음챙김의 경로분석 및 간접효과유의성검증

임세라,마영남,이희정 동방문화대학원대학교 자연치유연구소 2021 자연치유연구 Vol.6 No.1

This study explored correlation of self-reflect and mental Health to confirm mediation model and path of 5-factor Mindfulness. To this end, data was collected from 129 survey results conducted by 140 people of the Dog training center in IkSan-city and PyeongTaek-city. The survey consisted of Self-reflect, the Mental Health and the 5-factor Mindfulness. The results were analyzed by M-Plus 6.12 program. For the research result, this study presented descriptive statics for each variable of respondents and conducted correlation analysis among Self-reflect leading to mental health through 5-factor Mindfulness(β=0.123, CI[0.014 ~ 0.319]). A significant correlation was found between the Selfreflect and the 5-factor mindfulness(β=.358, t=4.187, p<.001). A significant negative correlation was found between the 5-factor mindfulness and the mental health(β=.264, t=2.445, p<.01). However, the path model and indirect effect significance verification on the relationship among self-reflect and 5-factor mindfulness and mental health was verified and suggested as well.

동물매개치료가 초등학교아동의 대인관계에 미치는 영향

김옥진,마영남 한국동물매개심리치료학회 2013 한국동물매개심리치료학회지 Vol.1 No.1

The Influences of Outdoor Activities with Companion Dogs on the Attention of Children with ADHD

김원,강경숙,마영남 한국정서행동장애학회 2011 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.27 No.4

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of outdoor activities with companion dogs on the attention of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Three children(one in the second grade and two in the third grade) were selected as objects of the study, with the consent of their parents. They attended one elementary school in J city, Jeollabukdo, and were diagnosed with ADHD by the J psychological counseling center. Outdoor activities for this study were conducted once a week in 90-minute sessions (totaling 12 sessions) spanning May to July 2010. Each child was accompanied by 1 companion dog, 1 handler, and 2 observers. The study measured selective attention, sustained attention, self-control, short-term memory, auditory attention, and visual attention as the key factors related to attention. Specific target behaviors and behavioral observations were recorded on recording paper, and behavioral changes were plotted in a graph. In addition, pre-post changes of attention were analyzed using Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Test (ADHDT) and ADD-H Comprehensive Teacher's Rating Scale (ACTeRS) as measured by parents. The results indicated that outdoor activities with companion dogs had positive influences on selective attention, sustained attention, self control, and auditory attention, all of which are sub-factors of ADHD children’s attention. However, visual attention was not affected. Therefore, outdoor activities with companion dogs may provide a useful therapeutic intervention that improves the attention of children with ADHD.

유기견을 활용한 동물보조중재가 아스퍼거증후군 아동의 사회성 향상 및 가족 유대에 미치는 영향

김원,강경숙,마영남 한국아동심리재활학회 2011 놀이치료연구 Vol.15 No.3

The purpose of this study is to verify the influences of animal-assisted intervention using abandoned dogs on the social improvement of a child with Asperger's Syndrome and this family bonds to target a family with a child with Asperger's Syndrome. The animal-assisted interventions consist of two parts: caring for abandoned dogs in the home of a child with disability, indoor and/or outdoor activities with all family members and abandoned dogs, and were conducted during April to August 2011. As a result, a child with Asperger's Syndrome liked inanimate objects such as machinery only showed an interest in living organisms, was expressed feelings. And it increased social interaction with family members. Due to changes in the child with a disability, it increased external activities with family and conversions between family members, also improved social skills of the child with a disability. And eventually it has been shown to strengthen family ties. These results are interpreted that by experiences that provides animal care and animal-assisted activities, emotional stability through the animals and the verbal and nonverbal communion with animals, it may promote social interaction of the child with disability and may have the power to strengthen family ties. In addition, these results may help the quality of life of abandoned dogs, and we suggest the new alternative for utilizing abandoned dogs. 본 연구는 아스퍼거증후군 장애를 가지고 있는 자녀를 둔 가정을 대상으로 유기견을 활용한 동물보조중재가 장애아동의 사회성과 그 가족의 유대에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보기 위하여 2011년 4월부터 8월까지 진행하였다. 동물보조중재는 장애아동의 가정에서 유기견 돌봄활동과 격주로 아동의 집과 집주변 산책로에서 이루어지는 동물보조활동으로 실시되었다. 연구결과, 기계만을 좋아했던 아스퍼거증후군 아동이 생명체에 대한 관심을 보이고 감정 표현을 나타냈으며 사회적 상호작용이 증가하였다. 이러한 장애아동의 변화는 외부활동과 가족간의 대화를 증가시켜, 장애아동의 사회성이 향상되고 가족간의 유대를 강화하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 유기견 돌봄 및 동물보조활동이 주는 체험과 동물을 통한 정서적 안정, 언어적․비언어적 교감이 장애아동의 사회적 상호작용을 촉진하고 가족간의 유대를 강화한 것으로 해석된다. 또한 이러한 결과는 유기견의 삶의 질에도 도움이 되었으며, 동물보호의 입장에서 유기견의 새로운 활용방안을 제시하였다고 할 수 있다.

우울,불안,분노 성향이 있는 초등학교 고학년 아동에 대한 동물매개중재 프로그램 효과

김원 ( Won Kim ),마영남 ( Young Nam Ma ),신학진 ( Hak Gene Shin ) 한국정서·행동장애아교육학회(구 한국정서학습장애아교육학회) 2013 정서ㆍ행동장애연구 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 우울·불안·분노 성향이 있는 초등학교 고학년 아동을 대상으로 동물매개중재에 대한 효과를 확인하고자 실시되었다. 연구대상은 2012년 ‘학생정서·행동특성검사’ 결과에서 중재가 시급한 J시 소재의 S초등학교에 재학 중인 아동 중에서 동물매개중재 프로그램에 참여의사를 밝힌 집단을 대상으로 하였다. 실험설계는 통제집단전후비교조사로 실험의 내적신뢰도를 확보하기 위해서 실험집단 4명과통제집단 4명으로 무작위 배정했다. 실험집단을 대상으로 2013년 1학기에 동물매개중재를 주 1회, 약 1시간, 총 15회기를 진행하였다. 동물매개중재는 연구자와 동물매개전문가가 통제하고 조절했으며, 우울, 불안, 분노척도를 이용하여 사전(후) 실험(통제)집단의 변화를 비교 조사했다. 연구결과 초등학교 고학년 아동의 우울·불안·분노에 대한 동물매개중재 효과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대상아동의 전반적인 우울감에서 개선효과를 보였다. 특히 우울판정을 받았고, 대인관계에서 어려움을 보이는 아동에게는 본 프로그램이 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 불안한 정서를 보이는 아동의 지나친 예민함과 부정적 정서 및 주의력 문제에 효과성을 보였다. 즉 아동의 지나친 예민함을 완화시켰고, 자신이 인지하는 부정적인 정서나 주의력을 보이지 못하는 문제를 개선시켰다. 특히 동물은 아동이 주의력을 발휘하는 효과적인 매개가 된다고 판단된다. 셋째, 분노에 대한 지나친 억압 즉 억제와 통제가 아동의 균형 잡힌 정서적 발달에 영향을 주는 것으로 판단되며, 본 프로그램은 이들이 지나친분노표현 억압을 완화하는데 효과성을 보였다. 동물매개중재 프로그램은 정서적 어려움이 있는 초등학교 고학년 아동을 위한 중재대안이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The present study investigated the effectiveness of AAI(Animal-Assisted Intervention) program on depression, anxiety, anger of primary school upper graders. Subject of experiment was a sample of 8 students, living in J city and attending S primary school, with emotional and behavioral problems required urgent intervention and shown intention of involvement in AAI program. The 8 students were divided in two groups, experiment group(n=4) and control group(n=4) and the experiment group participated in AAI program once a week, each time one hour and 15 times total. For internal reliability of experiment, we used random assignment of subjects to each group, controlled the AAI program, and compared pre-post change of each group`s measured values of depression, anxiety and anger. Followed were results of AAI program for primary school upper graders. First, AAI improved depression in general and especially in the area of interpersonal relationship component of depression. Secondly, oversensitivity and negative affect/attention problem of students with emotional and behavioral problems were improved. In particular, experiment revealed animal were an effective mediator for students` attention. Thirdly, Our AAI program alleviated anger-suppression combining anger-in and anger-control. Over suppressed anxiety leading to anger-suppression would affect students` balanced emotional development. Thus AAI could be an effective intervening solution for primary school upper graders with emotional and behavioral problems.

동물매개활동 프로그램이 자폐성 장애 아동의 인지 능력에 미치는 영향

최동렬 ( Dong Yeol Choi ),이현아 ( Hyun A Lee ),홍선화 ( Sun Hwa Hong ),마영남 ( Young Nam Ma ),김옥진 ( Ok Jin Kim ) 원광대학교 생명자원과학연구소 2011 생명자원과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

To analyze how a Animal Assisted Activity Program (AAAP) affects recognition in children with autism, a study was performed with two children with autism in a Social Welfare Center in Iksan city, Korea. The AAAP was conducted once a week for a total of 12 sessions for 4 months. Pre- and post-test assessment of behavioral symptom and sociability was done. Data from 2 children who were not absent from the tests more than five times, and who performed every test item. As the results, we found the positive improvement effects on recognition in children with autism by AAAP.

면역염색 과정의 비특이 반응에 대한 연구

이현아 ( Hyun A Lee ),홍선화 ( Sun Hwa Hong ),마영남 ( Young Nam Ma ),오홍근 ( Hong Geun Oh ),박상호 ( Sang Ho Park ),김옥진 ( Ok Jin Kim ) 원광대학교 생명자원과학연구소 2011 생명자원과학연구 Vol.33 No.1

Immunohistochemistry refers to the process of detecting antigens in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. Immunohistochemical staining is widely used in the diagnosis of abnormal cells such as those found in cancerous tumors. Specific molecular markers are characteristic of particular cellular events such as proliferation or cell death (apoptosis). Immunohistochemistry is also widely used in basic research to understand the distribution and localization of biomarkers and differentially expressed proteins in different parts of a biological tissue. Antigen retrieval (AR) techniques were widely used to recover the antigenicity from the fixed tissues, which were guided by the philosophy of rendering immunohistochemistry applicable to routine formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues for wide application of immunohistochemistry in research and clinical for morphology like as anatomy, histology and pathology. However, during the immunohistochemistry procedure, we noted lymphocyte-like cells-specific staining in the infiltrated cells into various organs like as liver and kidney, which was also shown in the immunohistochemistry tissues with isotype control. We found that protease antigen recovery may induce false-positive result during immunohistochemistry in lymphocyte-like cells, which were infiltrated mainly around vessels and in interstitial tissues.