넙치 치어 Paralichthys olivaceus의 혈액학적 성상에 미치는 나프탈렌의 급성독성영향

이경선,류향미,Lee, Kyoung-Seon,Ryu, Hyang-Mi 해양환경안전학회 2011 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

넙치 치어에 대한 나프탈렌의 급성독성을 조사하기 위하여 대조구($0{\mu}g/L$), 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600, $10000{\mu}g/L$의 6개의 나프탈렌 농도구를 설정하여 24시간 동안 노출실험을 실시하고 혈액학적 성상을 분석하였다. 넙치 치어에 대한 나프탈렌의 24h-$LC_{50}$은 $3600{\mu}g/L$를 나타냈다. 넙치 치어의 핼액학적 반응에서 헤마토크리트값은 5600, $10000{\mu}g/L$의 농도구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의하게 증가하였고, 글루코스는 $10000{\mu}g/L$의 농도 구에서 유의하게 증가 하였다(P<0.05). 삼투질 농도는 3200, 5600, $10000{\mu}g/L$의 농도구에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 반면, 이온분석 결과 [$Na^+$], [$K^+$]은 5600 및 $10000{\mu}g/L$ 나프탈렌 농도구에서 유의하게 증가하였으나 [$Cl^-$]는 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. Naphthalene was composed of a substantial fraction of polycyclic aromatic ydrocarbons(PAHs) in crude oil and causes acute toxicity. In this study, we examined the toxicity of different kinds concentrations 0, 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600, $10000{\mu}g/L$ of naphthalene to juvenile flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus for 24h to determine 24-median lethal concentration($LC_{50}$) and acute effect on the hematological properties. 24h-$LC_{50}$ value of this species was $3600{\mu}g/L$. Hematocrit value significantly increased at 5600 and $10000{\mu}g/L$ naphthalene exposed group by 24h compared to control fish. Plasma. Glucose was significantly higher in the $10000{\mu}g/L$ (P<0.05). Plasma osmolality was significantly higher in the 3200, 5600 and $10000{\mu}g/L$. Plasma [$Na^+$] and [$K^+$] significantly increased in the 5600 and $10000{\mu}g/L$, however [$Cl^-$] was not affected by acute naphthalene exposure. The results of this study suggest the acute exposure to naphthalene affects both ionoregulation and osmoregulation in juvenile flounder.

중금속(As, Cr, Pb)이 해산 규조류(Skeletonema costatum)의 개체군 성장률에 미치는 영향

이주욱,류향미,허승,장수정,이기원,황운기,Lee, Ju-Wook,Ryu, Hyang-Mi,Heo, Seung,Jang, Soo-Jung,Lee, Ki-won,Hwang, Un-Ki 한국해양생명과학회 2017 한국해양생명과학회지 Vol.2 No.1

In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of heavy metals (As, Cr and Pb) on the population growth rate (r) of the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum. The r of the species was determined after 96 h (4 days) exposure to As (0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50 and 5.00 mg L^-1), Cr (0, 0.16, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25 and 2.50 mg L^-1) and Pb (0, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 and 20.00 mg L^-1). It was observed that r in the control (absence of As, Cr and Pb) were greater than 0.04, however suddenly decreased with increased heavy metal concentrations. As, Cr and Pb reduced r in a dose-dependent manner and a significant reduction were occurred at concentration of greater than 0.31, 0.31 and 5.00 mg L^-1, respectively. Based on the toxicity, the heavy metal were ranked as Cr>As>Pb, with EC₅₀ (50% effective concentration) values of 0.80, 2.57 and 13.88 mg L^-1, respectively. The lowest-observed-effective-concentration (LOEC) of r in exposed to As, Cr and Pb were 0.63, 0.63 and 10.00 mg L^-1, respectively. Precisely, a concentration of greater than 0.63 mg L^-1 of As, 0.63 mg L^-1 of Cr and 10.00 mg L^-1 of Pb in marine ecosystems induced toxic effect on the r of S. costatum. Based on our results, we suggested that the r of S. costatum might be a useful bio-indicator for the toxicity assessment of heavy metals on the producer in marine ecosystems.

넙치(Paralichthys olivaceus) 치어조직의 나프탈렌(Naphthalene) 생물농축

이경선,류향미,Lee, Kyoung-Seon,Ryu, Hyang-Mi 해양환경안전학회 2012 海洋環境安全學會誌 Vol.18 No.6

나프탈렌(Naphthalene)과 같은 다환방향족탄화수소류(Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs)는 수계에 유입되어 해양생물들에게 영향을 미치게 된다. 나프탈렌은 유류속의 PAHs 내에서 함량이 가장 높으며, 독성이 강하다. 본 연구에서는 대조구(0 ${\mu}g/L$), 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600, 10000 ${\mu}g/L$의 6개 나프탈렌 농도구를 설정하고 넙치 치어에 대한 나프탈렌의 24시간 반수치사농도(24h-$LC_{50}$)을 구했으며, 아가미, 간, 신장, 근육내의 나프탈렌 농도를 분석하였다. 넙치 치어의 24h-$LC_{50}$은 Large 그룹에서 2410.76 ${\mu}g/L$, Small 그룹에서 2230.67 ${\mu}g/L$을 나타내었다. 각 조직에서의 나프탈렌 농도는 간 및 신장에서 아가미 및 근육보다 높았다. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as naphthalene, are released into the aquatic environment and have been identified as endocrine effects on marine organisms. Naphthalene makes up the highest fraction of PAHs in oil and shows the strong toxicity to aquatic organisms. I analyzed 24h-median lethal concentration (24h-$LC_{50}$) for juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus to study the acute toxicity of naphthalene. Bioconcentrations in the gill, liver, kidney and muscle of olive flounder were analyzed after to 6 naphthalene concentrations of 0, 1000, 1800, 3200, 5600 and 10000 ${\mu}g/L$. Olive flounder has 24h-$LC_{50}$ value of 2410.76 ${\mu}g/L$ in Large group, and 2230.67 ${\mu}g/L$ in Samll group. Naphthalene concentration was varied with tissues. The concentrations of naphthalene were much higher in liver and kidney than in gill and muscle.

코발트(2)가 말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 수정 및 배아 발생에 미치는 영향

황운기 ( Un Ki Hwang ),류향미 ( Hyang Mi Ryu ),최용환 ( Yong Hwan Choi ),이승민 ( Seung Min Lee ),강한승 ( Han Seung Kang ) 한국환경생물학회 2011 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.29 No.4

Cobalt is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, soil, water and/or is among the harmful pollutants as generated by industrialized. In the environment, cobalt has two oxidation states, cobalt (II) (Co (II)) and cobalt (III) (Co (III)). If coastal water is contaminated by cobalt, it through the food chain can have an impact on marine ecosystems. Therefore, we examined the gametotoxic and embryotoxic effects of Co (II) at various concentrations (10, 100, 500, 1000, 2500 ppb) in the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Spawning was induced by injecting 1 mL of 0.5 M KCl into coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream colored sperms and females released yellow or orange colored eggs. Experiment was begun within 30 min the collection of both gametes. The fertilization and embryo development rates test were performed for 10 min and 64 h after fertilization, respectively. The fertilization rates in the control condition (not including Co (II)) and experimental group were not significantly changed. The embryo development rates in the control condition were greater than 90% and were significantly decreased with concentration dependent manner. The normal embryogenesis rate was significantly inhibited in exposed to cobalt (II) (EC50= 71.84 ppb, 95% Cl=16.71 203.36 ppb). The NOEC and LOEC of normal embryogenesis rate were ?10 ppb and 10 ppb, respectively. These results suggest that the early embryo stages of H. pulcherrimus have toxic effect at greater than 10 ppb of Co (II) concentration.

말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 수정 및 배아 발생률에 대한 비소와 크롬의 독성영향

황운기 ( Un Ki Hwang ),류향미 ( Hyang Mi Ryu ),유준 ( Jun Yu ),강한승 ( Han Seung Kang ) 한국환경생물학회 2013 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.31 No.2

말똥성게 (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 생식세포 및 pluteus 유생을 이용하여 중금속인 Arsenic (As)와 Chromium (Cr)이 정상 수정률 및 배아 발생률에 미치는 독성 영향을 조사하였다. H. pulcherrimus의 수정률 및 배아 발생률에 미치는 As와 Cr의 독성은 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 ppb의 농도에서 조사하였다. 0.5 M KCl 용액을 이용하여 방란 및 방정을 유도하였고, 정상 수정률 및 배아 발생률은 수정 후 각각 10분 및 64시간째 관찰하였다. As와 Cr을 첨가하지 않은 대조구에서 정상 수정률과 배아 발생률은 각각 94%와 93% 이상을 나타냈다. 이들 중 금속 첨가에 의해 수정률은 아무런 변화가 나타나지 않았지만 배아 발생률은 농도 의존적 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, As의 첨가에 의해 배아 발생률은 6.25 ppb에서 유의적으로 감소하였으며 (P/0.01), Cr의 경우는 25 ppb 에서 유의적인 감소를 나타냈다 (P/0.05). H. pulcherrimus의 정상 배아 발생률에 대한 LOEC는 As의 경우는 6.25 ppb를 Cr은 25 ppb를 나타냈다. 이들 연구결과로 해양생태계 내에서 As가 6.25 ppb, Cr이 25 ppb를 초과하는 농도일 때는 H. pulcherrimus와 같은 무척추동물의 정상 부화율은 급격히 감소할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로, H. pulcherrimus의 정상 배아 발생률을 이용한 생물학적 평가방법은 중금속과 같은 유해물질에 대한 해양생태계의 영향을 판단하기 위한 시험방법으로 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. Toxic effects of arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr) has been investigated using the sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) germ cell and pluteus-larvae. The gametotoxic and embryotoxic effects of As and Cr on H. plucherrimus were each investigated at 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100. Spawning was induced by 0.5 M KCl solution and the normal fertilization and embryogenesis rates were performed for 10 min and 64 hrs after fertilization, respectively. The normal fertilization and embryogenesis rates in the control condition (not including As and Cr) were greater than 94% and 93%, respectively. The fertilization rate was not significantly changed compared with control but embryogenesis rate was significantly decreased with concentration-dependent manner. As and Cr reduced normal embryogenesis rates and a significant reduction occurred at concentration greater than 6.25 ppb (P/0.01) and 25 ppb (P/0.05), respectively. The lowest-observedeffect- concentration (LOEC) of normal embryogenesis rate in As and Cr were each 6.25 and 25 ppb, respectively. From these results, normal embryogenesis rate of H. pulcherrimus have toxic effect at greater than the 6.25 ppb concentration of As and 25 ppb concentration of Cr in marine ecosystems. These results suggest that the normal embryogenesis rates of H. pulcherrimus are very useful test method for the toxicity assessment of heavy metal as As and Cr in marine ecosystems.

중금속(Cd, Cu, Zn)이 해산규조류(Skeletonema costatum)의 개체군 성장률에 미치는 독성영향

황운기 ( Un-ki Hwang ),류향미 ( Hyang-mi Ryu ),이주욱 ( Ju-wook Lee ),이승민 ( Seung-min Lee ),강한승 ( Han Seung Kang ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.3

해산규조류 Skeletonema cosatatum의 개체군성장률 (r)을 사용하여 중금속 3종(Cd, Cu, Zn)의 독성영향 평가를 수행하였다. S. costatum을 Cd (0, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00,10.00 ppm), Cu (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 ppm)그리고 Zn (0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.00, 2.50, 5.00 ppm)에 노출하고 96 h 이후에 r 값을 도출하였다. 대조구(Cd, Cu 그리고 Zn을 포함하지 않은)에서 r은 0.05보다 높았으며 중금속 농도가 증가할수록 r은 감소하였다. 중금속에 의해 농도의존적으로 r이 감소되었고 Cd 농도 1.25, Cu 농도 1.25 그리고 Zn 농도 2.50 ppm 이상의 농도에서 명확한 감소를 나타냈다. 중금속의 독성영향은 Cu¤Zn¤Cd순서이며, 이때 EC50 값은 각각 1.11, 2.13 그리고 6.84ppm으로 나타났다. 중금속 3종(Cd, Cu 그리고 Zn)에 노출된 r의 최소영향농도는 각각 1.25, 1.00, 2.00 ppm으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 해양환경에서 S. costatum의 r은 Cd 농도가 1.25 ppm 이상, Cu 농도가 1.00 ppm 이상, Zn 농도가 2.00 ppm 이상인 경우에 독성영향을 받았다. 그러므로 S. costatum의 r은 해양환경에서 중금속 독성영향 평가를 위한 매우 유용한 방법으로 판단된다. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn) on the population growth rate (r) of the marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum. S. costatum. The population growth rate (r) of the species was determined after 96 hrs. of exposure to Cd (0, 0.63, 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, 10.00 ppm), Cu (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00, 1.25, 1.50 ppm) and Zn (0, 0.31, 0.63, 1.25, 2.00, 2.50, 5.00 ppm). It was observed that ‘r’ in the control (absence of Cd, Cu and Zn) were greater than 0.05, howeversuddenly decreased with increased heavy metal concentrations. Cd, Cu and Zn reduced ‘r’ in a dose-dependent manner and a significant reduction were occurred at concentration of greater than 1.25, 1.25 and 2.50 ppm, respectively. Based on the toxicity, the heavy metal were ranked as Cu¤Zn¤Cd, with EC50 values of 1.11, 2.13 and 6.84 ppm, respectively. The lowest-observedeffective- concentration (LOEC) of ‘r’ in exposed to Cd, Cu and Zn were 1.25, 1.00, 2.00 ppm, respectively. Precisely, a concentration of greater than 1.25 ppm of Cd, 1.00 ppm of Cu and 2.00 ppm of Zn in marine ecosystems induced toxic effect on the ‘r’ of S. costatum. Based on our results, we suggested that the ‘r’ of S. costatum might be a useful bio indicator for the toxicity assessment of heavy metals in marine ecosystems.

말똥성게 (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 수정 및 배 발생률을 이용한 해양배출 폐기물의 독성평가

황운기(Un-Ki Hwang),류향미(Hyang-Mi Ryu),김성길(Sung-Gil Kim),박종수(Jong-Soo Park),안경호(Kyoung-Ho An) 환경독성보건학회 2010 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.25 No.1

Toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes (dye waste, urban sewage, food waste) were examined in the fertilization and embryo development rates of the Sea Urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Spawning was induced by injecting 1 ㎖ of 0.5 M KCI into coelomic cavity. Males released white or cream-colored sperms and females released yellow or orange-colored eggs. Experiments were began within 30 min the collection of both gametes. The fertilization and embryo development rates test were performed for 10 min and 64 h after fertilization, respectively. The fertilization and embryo development rates in the control condition (not including ocean dumping wastes sludge elutriate) were greater than 90%, but suddenly decreased with increasing of ocean dumping waste sludge elutriate concentrations. The fertilization and normal embryogenesis rates were significantly inhibited in all waste sludge elutriate from dye waste (EC??=4.37; EC??= 1.76), urban sewage (EC??=5.79; EC??=2.00) and food waste (EC??=7.68; EC??=2.16), respectively. The NOEC(<3.13) and LOEC (3.13) of fertiliztion and normal embryogenesis rates very similar in all waste sludge elutriate. These results suggest that biological assay using the fertilization and embryo development rates of H. pulcher-rimus are very useful test method for the ecological toxicity assessment of ocean dumping wastes.

말똥성게(Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)의 초기배아 발생과 glutathione S-transferase (GST)의 발현에 대한 bisphenol A의 영향

황운기 ( Un-ki Hwang ),김대한 ( Dae-han Kim ),류향미 ( Hyang-mi Ryu ),이주욱 ( Ju-wook Lee ),박승윤 ( Seung-yoon Park ),강한승 ( Han Seung Kang ) 한국환경생물학회 2014 환경생물 : 환경생물학회지 Vol.32 No.3

본 연구는 시험생물로서 말똥성게 (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus)를 이용하여 내분비계장애물질인 bisphenol A(BPA)의 독성 및 시험생물로서의 적합성 등을 조사하였다. 말똥성게(H. pulcherrimus)의 수정 및 정상 배아발생에 미치는 BPA의 독성을 보기 위하여 농도(0, 300, 500,800, 1000, 1500 ppb)에서 조사하였다. BPA 노출 시 수정률은 시험구간 내의 BPA 처리농도와 관계없이 유의적인 변화가 없었다. 정상 배아발생률은 BPA 농도가 높을수록 유의적인 감소를 나타냈으며, 800 ppb 농도부터 유의적인 감소를 보였다. 정상배아발생에 대한 독성값은 반수영향농도 (EC50) 1056.1 ppb, 95% Cl 981.8~1163.9 ppb로 나타났다. 또한 무영향농도 (NOEC)와 최소영향농도 (LOEC)는 500 ppb 및 800 ppb로 나타났다. BPA에 노출된 배아는 농도가 증가함에 따라 발생이 정체되는 현상이 나타났다. BPA에 노출된 pluteus 유생을 이용한 glutathione-S-transferase (GST) 유전자의 발현을 비교해본결과 GST 유전자의 발현은 농도가 증가함에 따라 발현이 증가하였다. 본 연구 결과, 말똥성게 (H. pulcherrimus)의 초기 배아발생 과정 중 800 ppb 이상에서 독성을 나타냈으며 GST유전자는 BPA 노출에 따른 위해성 평가에 생체지표유전자로 유용하게 이용될 수 있다고 생각된다. In this study, gametotoxicity and embryotoxicity experiments using Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were carried out to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of bisphenol A (BPA). We examined the effects of BPA on fertilization and normal embryogenesis at various concentrations (0, 300, 500, 800, 1000, and 1500 ppb). The results demonstrated that the fertilization rates were not changed. The normal embryogenesis rates were gradually decreased in a dose-dependent manner, and were significantly lowered following 800 ppb BPA treatment (EC50=1056.1 ppb, 95% Cl=981.8~1163.9 ppb). The observed effective concentration and the lowest observed effective concentration of the normal embryogenesis rate were 500 ppb and 800 ppb, respectively. The embryos showed retarded development at each tested concentration, indicating the fact the embryonic development was delayed due to the increasing concentrations of BPA. Furthermore, we examined the expression of glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA at various concentrations of BPA in H. pulcherrimus. Interestingly, it was found that the expression level of GST mRNA was significantly increased in the experimental group exposed to BPA. Based on these results, we suggested that BPA at greater than 800 ppb has a toxic effect during the early embryonic stages of H. pulcherrimus, and GST mRNA may be used as a biomarker for risk assessment of BPA conta-mination.