힘과 운동에 대해 공군사관 생도들이 지닌 개념조사

류재혁 空軍士官學校 1990 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

The purpose of this study is to investigate the misconceptions of the cadets about Force and Motion and find a better method of teaching physics. The method was analysing the questionaire. The conclusions acquired by this study are as follows: Many cadets are strongly inclined to think that the direction of force is the same as that of velocity. Many cadets think that the force acted on something is reserved in that body for some time. Many cadets also think that there must be a constant force in order that a body move with a constant velocity.

Bacillus thuringiensis의 $\delta$-endotoxin이 모기의 중장 상피세포에 미치는 조직병리학적 영향

류재혁 한국곤충학회 1989 Korean journal of entomology Vol.19 No.2

The morphological change induced by the $\delta$-endotoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (B. t. i.) in the midgut epithelium of Culex pipiens pallens were observed by light and electron microscopes. Ingestion of the B. t. i. showed the beginning of a vigorous disrupture of the fine structure of the epithelial cells. Microvilli of anterior portion cells become irregular and swelling while those of posterior portion cells were not changed but made blobbing and extruded the apical cytoplasm. Rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria were the most sensitive indicators of toxicity. The cisternae of rER were swollen round profiles and disintegrated by forming vacuoles. Mitochondria in the cells were swollen with the disappearance of internal cristae. There were swelling of both intra and extracellular spaces, swelling of the subjacent muscle layers and fragmentation in the cytoplasm released to the lumen of the midgut. 실내 사육한 빨간 집모기 (Culex. pipiens pallens)의 4령 유충에 Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis 활성포자를 투여하여 중장상피 세포의 파괴현상을 광학 및 전자 현미경으로 관찰하였다. B. t. i.투여후 전단부 상피세포의 짧은 미세융모가 불규칙하게 팽대되고, 후단부 상피세포의 발달한 미세융모는 거의 변화가 없이 첨단부 원형질이 팽출하였다. 세포기관중에서는 rER과 mitochondria가 큰 변화를 일으켰는데, rER은 cisternae가 부풀어 작은 구형체인 액포로 변형되었다. mitochondria는 내막계 인 cristae가 파괴되면서 구형으로 팽대되 며 퇴행변화를 일으켰다. 결국 막성계를 갖는 세포기관들이 파괴되고 액포와 지질과립들이 증가되면서 혼합되며 원형질막이 붕괴되고 장내강으로 분출한다.

바퀴의 중장 상피조직내에 있는 분비과립세포

류재혁,김우갑,김창환,Yu, Chai-Hyeock,Kim, Woo-Kap,Kim, Chang-Whan 한국현미경학회 1980 Applied microscopy Vol.10 No.1

The secretory granul cells in the midgut epithelium of Blattella germanica L. were observed by the electron microscope. These secretory granul cells contain many electron dense granules, and granules are about $200{\AA}$ in diameter respectively. It is easy to distinguish 3 different types of granul cells based on their shapes, location, and staining intensity: 1) The light secretory granul cells and their nucleus are both round form and a number of mitochondria, vacuoles, and other cell organelles appear in the cytoplasm. 2) The other kind of light secretory granul cells are small and oval form but ceil organelles are not well developed in the cytoplasm. This granul cell is surrounded by a few regenerative cells ('nidi'). 3) Dark secretory granul cells are cone shaped, well stained, and endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and a lot of secretory granules are found in the cytoplasm. They are all located in the basal portion of the midgut epithelium. 바퀴 (Blattella germanica L.)의 중장 상피내에 있는 분비과립세포를 전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 직경이 약 $200{\AA}$크기의 분비과립을 가지고 있는 secretory granul cell은 그 형태와 위치 그리고 세포질의 염색성에 따라 3가지 types으로 구별할 수 있다. 1) 세포와 핵의 형태가 구형이면서 세포질 내에는 mitochondria, vacuoles등 세포 소기이관 풍부한 light secretory granul ceil, 2) 세포는 작고 타원형이며 세포질 내에는 세포 소기관들이 발달하지 않았으며, 재생세포 집단의 기부에 위치하는 light secretory granular cell, 3) 세포는 원추형이면서 세포질 내에는 endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes등이 풍부하며 많은 수의 분비과립을 가지며, 세포질은 짙은 염색성을 나타내는 dark secretory granul cell등인데 이들은 모두 상피조직의 기저막상에 밀착되어 있다.

집바퀴의 중장 상피조직내에 있는 내분비세포의 미세구조

류재혁,Yu, Chai-Hyeock 한국현미경학회 1996 Applied microscopy Vol.26 No.4

The endocrine cells in the midgut epithelium of the Japanese cockroach, Periplaneta japonica were observed by the light and electron microscopy. The midgut epithelium of the last instar larva and adult cockroach consisted of principal columnar cells, regenerative cells, and secretory granular cells. Midgut endocrine cells were positioned basally as a cone-shaped single cell in the epithelium or underneath the regenerative crypt cells. When midgut epithelium grows and the cell composing it transforms, between the endocrine cells and regenerative cells were made desmosome type junction and large vesicular shaped stretches of loose contact. The endocrine cells were characterized by a clear cytoplasm with abundant Golgi complex and numerous secretory granules. The secretory granules in the cell were spherical and electron dense with their diameter of $200{\sim}400nm$. The secretory granules have been observed as discharged by exocytosis on the basal and lateral side of the cell.

Ultrastructure of the Rectum Epithelial Cells in the Mosquito Larvae, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann

류재혁 한국곤충학회 2002 Entomological Research Vol.32 No.3

The Ultrastructure of rectum epithelial cells in the mosquito larvae, Anopheles sinensis Wiedemann, was studied using electron microscope. The rectal epithelium forms rectal papillae composed of the absorptive cells and the surrounding basal cells. Moreover, rectal epithelium was covered with thin cuticular intima. Apical plasma membrane of the epithelial cells had infoldings and in between them, mitochondria developed into elongated shape were attached. In addition, the membrane infoldings reach down into the cell cytoplasm to form several layers of lea.et-like prolongations. On both sides of these prolongations were also large, well-developed mitochondria. Their formation was that mitochondria were attached to 3 μm length and 4~13 layers of membrane wrinkle lump. Many spherites, which are lamelated crystals that form an illusory structure in concentric circles inside of the cytoplasm of epithelial cell were observed. Basal plasma membrane in the epithelial cells was also wrinkled to promulgate into the cytoplasm to become basal infoldings producing canaliculi in basal labyrinth formation. There were many mitochondria scattered in these formations as well. On the bottom of the epithelial cell, basal lamina was attached and between basal lamina and muscle bundle was subepithelial space, which is connective tissue. Inside the space, tracheal and nerve cells were observed.

장기간 기내 배양한 춘란(Cymbidium goeringii Lindley) 및 한란(Cymbidium kanran Makino)의 변이 비교

류재혁,이효연,배창휴 한국자원식물학회 2011 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.24 No.2

RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis was examined to detect variation of in vitro cultured 30 rhizomes of Cymbidium goeringii Lindley and Cymbidium kanran Makino, with long-term (8 years) subculture, respectively. Out of 151 DNA bands detected, the 40 were polymorphic with a polymorphic rate 26.4% in the C. goeringii. Out of 155 DNA bands detected, the 56 were polymorphic with a polymorphic rate 36.1% in the C. kanran. Genetic similarity matrix (GSM) shows from 0.825 to 1.00 with an average of 0.944 in the rhizomes of C. goeringii and 0.812 to 1.00 with an average of 0.913 in the C. kanran. According to the clustering analysis, C. goeringii was divided into 1 group and 2 independent individuals and its structure of clustering was simple than that of C. kanran. The higher polymorphism and the decreased GSM were showed in the long-term in vitro cultured C. goeringii and C. kanran supplemented with growth regulators. The results provide as fundamental data to develop a new materials for plant breeding and resources plant. 기내 배양된 Cymbidium속 춘란과 한란의 근경을 대상으로 장기배양에 따른 변이성을 비교하기 위하여 RAPD 분석을 실시하였다. 춘란은 총 151개 DNA 밴드 중 40개의 다형성 밴드가 증폭되어 다형성 비율은 26.4%였으며, 한란은 총 155개 밴드 중 56개의 다형성 밴드가 증폭되어 36.1%의 다형성 비율을 나타내었다. 단순일치 계수(simple- matching coefficient)를 사용하여 유전적 유사도 지수를 분석한 결과, 춘란의 개체간의 유전적 유사도 지수는 0.825~ 1.00 사이로 평균 0.944였다. 한란의 개체간 유전적 유사도 지수는 0.812~1.00 사이로 평균 0.913이었다. 군집분석결과 춘란은 유전적 유사도 지수 0.841과 0.837에서 1개의 그룹과 유집되지 않는 2개체로 나누어졌으며 한란보다 단순하게 유집되었다. 이와 같이 생장조절제가 첨가된 기내 배지에서 장기간 배양된 Cymbidium 근경은 유전적 다형성을 나타냈으며, 유전적 유사지수도 다소 낮게 나타났다. 이 결과는 추후 여러 가지 변이원을 이용한 자원식물개발과 품종육성의 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

이질바퀴 내에 있는 직장 상피세포들의 미세구조

류재혁 한국곤충학회 2001 Entomological Research Vol.31 No.4

가주성 곤충인 이질바퀴(Periplaneta americana)의 직장조직을 구성하는 세포들의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 직장의 점막의 구조는 원주상인 흡수세포들과 그들의 기저부에 위치하는 기저세포들이 모여 직장 유두를 형성하였다. 흡수세포의 첨단원형질막은 막주름이 잡혀 불규칙한 미세융모로 변형되었고 그 사이에는 크게 발달한 사립체가 관찰되었다. 측부원형질막은 약 200$\AA$ 간격으로 심하게 주름이 잡혔으며 그 사이에는 크게 발달한 사립체가 밀착하여 "mitochondrial-scalariform complexes"를 형성하였다. 그리고 첨단쪽 측부원형질막은 격막연접으로 길게 밀착되었다. 기저세포는 납작한 배모양으로서 세포질의 전자밀도가 높아 검게 보였으며 그 내에는 골지체, 소포체, 그리고 사립체 등과 같은 세포소기관들이 발달하였다. 점막 기저면에는 여러겹의 기저초가 관찰되었는데 이는 직장 유두 측부에 있는 연접세포들의 막이 특수하게 분화된 것으로 상피의 기저막을 이루고 있는 것이다. 그리고 기저초와 근육층 사이, 결합조직인 점막하층내에서 많은 기관소지들과 밀도가 높은 과립을 갖는 축삭 등이 관찰되었다. 등이 관찰되었다. The epithelium of the rectum in the cockroach, Periplaneta americana, was observed with electron microscope. The rectal epithelium of posterior hindgut is composed of rectal pads using are covered with cuticular intima on the luminal side. The rectal pads are composed of columnar absorptive cells, and basal cells. The apical plasma membranes of columnar cell is made of irregular microvillir where large mitochondria are associated with some of the microvilli. The lateral plasma membrane is highly infolded and space is an uniform width of approximately infoldings and this is referred to as the "mitochondrial - scalariform complex" and septate junction is found near the apical zone between the columnar absorptive cells. Basal cells are bowl - shaped where the convex surface is inlaid into the basal surface of the columnar cells while the concave surface faces the basal lamina. The cytoplasm of the basal cell is electron dense and contains well developed cell organelles. The basal sheath is formed by extensions of the junctional cell membranes. The epithelium is surrounded by the subepithelial space and muscles. The subepithelial space, which is composed of fibrous connective tissue, is innervated by many tracheoles and axons.and axons.

줄기색 변이 케나프(Hibiscus cannabinus L.) 신품종 ‘적봉’의 생육특성 및 기능 성분 분석

류재혁,권순재,안준우,김상훈,이승영,김진백,조영득,하보근,강시용 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.1

A new cultivar, ‘Jeokbong’, was developed from kenaf cultivar ‘C14’ by gamma-ray (300 Gy) irradiation. ‘Jeokbong’ has several characteristics that distinguish it from its original cultivar, such as stem color (dark purple), leaf color (green purple), and its leaf shape. The flowering date was approximately 70 days after sowing, which was similar to that of the original cultivar. The dry matter yield of ‘Jeokbong’ was 14.8 ton·ha-1, which was also similar to that of the original cultivar. The anthocyanin composition of stem bark of ‘Jeokbong’ and three different kenaf cultivars (‘C14’, ‘Jangdae’, and ‘Hongma300’) were determined by HPLC-MS. A single pigment corresponding to delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside was identified in ‘Jeokbong’, but was not detected in ‘C14’, ‘Jangdae’, or ‘Hongma300’. The antioxidant and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activity of ‘Jeokbong’ was approximately 4 times higher compared to the three other cultivars. The crude protein content of ‘Jeokbong’, ‘C14’, ‘Jangdae’, and ‘Hongma300’ were 9.2, 8.9, 10.5, and 10.6%, respectively. The crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber contents were not significantly different among the cultivars. These results suggest that ‘Jeokbong’ contains high levels of functional compounds and has unique ornamental value, and may be useful as a potential source of feed and as a landscape crop. ‘적봉’은 외국 도입 케나프 품종 ‘C14’의 종자에 감마선(300 Gy)을 조사하여 육성한 돌연변이 신품종이다. ‘적봉’은 줄기,잎, 엽맥, 배축, 가지, 화관이 모두 적자색으로 원품종(‘C14’) 및 대조품종(‘장대’, ‘홍마300’)과 구분되며, 엽형은 원품종이 장상엽(palmate)인 반면 ‘적봉’은 완전엽(entire)이다. ‘적봉’의 개화기는 파종 후 70일 내외이며, 파종 100일 후 생체수량과 건물수량은 각각 75.0ton·ha-1와 14.8ton·ha-1로 원품종과 유사하다. LC-MS로 줄기 껍질의 안토시아닌을 분석한 결과, 원품종과 대조품종 모두 안토시아닌이 검출되지 않았고, ‘적봉’의 안토시아닌은 delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside와 일치하였다. ‘적봉’ 줄기껍질 추출물의 DPPH radical-scavenging 및 ACE 저해 활성을 분석한 결과, 타 품종의 4배 이상의 활성을 나타내었다. 파종100일 후 ‘적봉’ 전초의 조단백 함량은 9.2%로 대조품종에 비하여 낮았으며, 조섬유, NDF와 ADF 성분 함량은 모든 품종에서유의적 차이가 없었다. 신품종 ‘적봉’은 관상가치와 기능성 성분이 높은 품종으로 경관조성 및 조사료로 활용이 기대된다.

Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

류재혁,권순재,안준우,조영덕,김상훈,정상욱,이민규,김진백,강시용 한국식물생명공학회 2017 JOURNAL OF PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Vol.44 No.2

Chemical compounds from four different tissues of the kenaf plant (Hibiscus cannabinus), a valuable medicinal crop originating from Africa, were examined to determine its potential for use as a new drug material. Leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds were harvested to identify phytochemical compounds and measure antioxidant activities. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry analyses identified 22 different phytocompounds in hexane extracts of the different parts of the kenaf plant. The most abundant volatile compounds were E-phytol (32.4%), linolenic acid (47.3%), trisiloxane-1,1,1,5,5,5-hexamethyl- 3,3-bis[(trimethylsilyl)oxy] (16.4%), and linoleic acid (46.4%) in leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography identified the major compounds in the different parts of the kenaf plant as kaemperitrin, caffeic acid, myricetin glycoside, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid in leaves, bark, flowers, and seeds, respectively. Water extracts of flowers, leaves, and seeds exhibited the greatest DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD activity. Our analyses suggest that water is the optimal solvent, as it extracted the greatest quantity of functional compounds with the highest levels of antioxidant activity. These results provide valuable information for the development of environmentally friendly natural products for the pharmaceutical industry.

빨간집모기 유충 내에 있는 직장 상피세포들의 미세구조

류재혁,Yu, Chai-Hyeock 한국현미경학회 1999 Applied microscopy Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 경기도 양평에서 채집한 빨간집모기(Culex pipiens pallens: Culicidae)를 사육하여 유충 시기에 있는 직장 조직을 구성하는 세포들의 미세구조를 관찰하였다. 직장조직은 점막상피조직, 결합조직, 그리고 근육조직 등으로 구성되었으며, 상피 내면에는 않은 큐티클 내막이 덮고 있었다. 점막 상피조직은 단층의 편평상피세포들로 이루어졌으며, 첨단원형질막이 약 $5\sim8{\mu}m$ 길이의 막주름이 잡혀 있었고 그 사이에는 크게 발달한 사립체가 관찰되었다. 측부원형질막의 첨단 쪽에서는 격막연접부위가 길게 관찰되었으며 중간부위는 심하게 주름이 접혀 물질의 수송통로인 세포간극이 불규칙하게 관찰되었고 이 주변에서도 크게 발달한 사립체가 산재해 있었다. 그리고 상피세포의 기저막주름은 세포 내로 짧고 불규칙하게 함입되어 미로 형태로 관찰되었다. 기점막 바깥쪽에는 신경 및 기관소지가 분포하고 결합조직과 전형적인 골격근의 형태를 하고 있는 환상근관 종주근이 장외면에 부착되었다. The epithelium of the rectum in the mosquito larvae, Culex pipiens pallens: Culicidae, was observed with electron microscope. The rectum of posterior hindgut was composed of epithelial tissue which were covered with cuticular intima on the luminal side, connective tissue and muscular tissue. The rectal epithelial cells were squamous absorptive cells, and apical plasma membranes were highly folded to form apical infoldings with mitochondria inserted them. The lateral plasma membranes were irregularly infolded and well developed mitochondria were found closely associated with infoldings . And intercellular spaces (or channels) were formed between the epithelial cells, whereas speptate junction was found near the apical zone between them. Also basal plasma membrane were infolded which made basal infoldings ('basal labyrinth'), and were covered with thin basal lamina. Rcetal epithelium was surrounded by the connective tissue which was contained axon and tracheole cells. Connective tissue was covered with the bundles of circular and longitudinal muscles.