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장기간 유량측정 자료를 이용한 경안천의 부하지속곡선 특성
노창완,권필상,정우석,이명구,조용철,유순주 한국환경영향평가학회 2019 환경영향평가 Vol.28 No.1
Long term flow measurement and water quality analysis data need to determine the target and allowable load for each basin in Total Water Pollution Load Management System (TWPLMS). The Load Duration Curve (LDC) is analyzed the relationship between flow data and water quality, and evaluates the pollutant load characterization by flow conditions. LDC of Kyeongancheon is created by the Flow Duration Curve (FDC) that was analyzed 8-day interval measured flow data from 2006 to 2015 and numeric water quality target in Kyeongancheon. As a result of this study, it is necessary to manage the point source pollutant because the numeric water quality target is not satisfied in the low flows. Also the numeric water quality target has been exceed for four months from March to June of the year and continuous and systematic watershed management is required to satisfy the numeric water quality target. 장기간 유량측정과 수질분석은 수질오염총량관리제도 유역의 목표수질과 허용 부하량을 결정하기 위하여 필요하다. 목표수질 달성여부를 평가하는데 사용되는 부하지속곡선은 유량과 수질간의 관계를 설명하고, 유량조건별 오염부하량 특성을 평가한다. 경안천의 부하지속곡선은 경안천 목표수질과 2006년부터 2015년까지 연평균 8일 간격으로 측정한 유량자료를 이용한 유량지속곡선에 의해서 작성되었다. 연구결과 경안천은 갈수량 구간에서 목표수질을 초과하여 점오염원에 대한 관리가 필요한 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 연중 3월에서 6월 사이의 기간 동안에만 목표수질을 초과하는 것으로 나타나 이 기간 동안 경안천의 목표수질을 달성하기 위한 체계적인 유역 관리가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.
Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> MAX Phase 합성을 위한 Arc Melting 공정 제어
노창완,김병근,배상현,최순목,Nou, Chang Wan,Kim, Byeong Guen,Bae, Sang Hyun,Choi, Soon-Mok 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.33 No.6
The Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase was synthesized by arc-melting process under three different processing times. We confirmed that the reaction between the TiC<sub>X</sub> phase and Ti-Si liquid phase is important for the synthesis of the Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase. Results suggest that the Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase decomposed when the arc-melting time was greater than 80s. Herein, we aim to determine the detailed parameters for the reported arc-melting process, which can provide useful insights on the synthesis of the Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> MAX phase by arc-melting process. Furthermore, we compared the electrical characteristics and densities of the three samples.
P-형 Skutterudite 소재의 고온 열전물성 제어를 위한 공정 개발
류붕거,노창완,최순목,Liu, Peng Ju,Nou, Chang Wan,Choi, Soon-Mok 한국전기전자재료학회 2020 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.33 No.6
Power factor improvement at high temperatures has been a major research topic for the development of skutterudite thermoelectric materials. Here, we attempted to optimize the process parameters for manufacturing skutterudite materials, especially for p-type systems. We focused on the effect of aging time variation to maximize the high-temperature performance of the Ce-filled Fe<sup>3</sup>CoSb<sup>12</sup> skutterudite system. The optimized aging time was concluded to be a key parameter for the formation of single-phase nanostructures in this p-type skutterudite system. The optimized condition was effective in reducing the bipolar effect at high temperature ranges by increasing the carrier concentration in the p-type system. To confirm the conclusions, the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor were measured. The results matched well with the microstructure and with those of an XRD analysis performed for the system.
전자충돌이 Mo/Pd(100)계의 저에너지 전자회절 pattern에 미치는 영향
김홍직,신용상,노창완,진원배 東亞大學校附設基礎科學硏究所 1999 基礎科學硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.1
Mo 재질의 평판 위에 Pd(100) 결정시료를 놓고 3 keV의 Ar 이온선으로 동시에 bombardment 시킬때, Mo 원자들이 Pd(100)상에 증착 되는 현상을 발견하였다. 이렇게 증착된 Mo 원자들의 덮임율과 흡착구조, 그리고 이들 흡착구조들이 전자선 충격에 의해 받는 영향을 LEED와 AES를 이용하여 조사하였다. 흡착된 Mo 원자의 덮임율이 0.1일 때, Mo/Pd(100)로부터 어닐링(annealing) 온도 300℃와 500℃이상에서 각각 c(4×2)와 c(4×2)3+(√5×√5)R arctan 1/2 pattern이 관측되었다. 이들 pattern중 안정된 흡착구조인 (√5×√5)R arctan 1/2 는 3 keV의 전자선 충격에 의한 영향이 매우 적으나 불안정한 흡착구조인 c(4×2)는 민감하게 영향을 받고 있음을 알 수 있었다. Pd(100) sample was mounted on Mo plate in ultra high vacuum chamber, and both of Pd(100) sample and Mo plate were bombarded by 3 keV Ar ion beam. It was found that this bombardment gave rise to deposition of Mo atoms on Pd(100). The coverage and overlayer structure of Mo adatom, and an effect of the electron impact on this Mo/Pd(100) system were investigated by LEED and AES. When the coverage of Mo was 0.1, c(4×2) and c(4×2)+(√5×√5)R arctan 1/2 pattern were observed from this system at annealing temperature of 300℃ and above 500℃, respectively. When irradiating 3 keV electron beam on these surface structures, the c(4×2) corresponding to unstable overlayer structure from both LEED patterns was sensitively influenced but the (√5×√5)R arctan 1/2 not sensitively by 3 keV electron impact.
최경완,이상원,노창완,이재관,이영준,Choi, Kyungwan,Lee, Sangwon,Noh, Changwan,Lee, Jaekwan,Lee, Youngjoon 대한상하수도학회 2015 상하수도학회지 Vol.29 No.5
The TMDL (Total Maximum Daily Load) has been used to determine the water quality target. LDC (Load Duration Curve) based on hydrology has been used to support water quality assessments and development of TMDL. Also FDC (Flow Duration Curve) analysis can be used as a general indicator of hydrologic condition. The LDC is developed by multiplying FDC with the numeric water quality target of the factor for the pollutant of concern. Therefore, this study was to create LDC using the stream flow data and numeric water quality target of BOD and T-P in order to evaluate the pollutant load characterization by flow conditions in Heukcheon stream. When it is to be a high-flows condition, BOD and T-P are necessary to manage. BOD and T-P did not satisfy the numeric water quality target for both seasons (spring and summer). In order to meet the numeric water quality target in Heukcheon stream, management of non point source pollutant is much more important than that of point source pollutant control.
진위천 단위유역의 유량-수질 특성 및 하천 등급화 평가
조용철,최진우,노창완,권필상,김상훈,유순주 한국환경영향평가학회 2018 환경영향평가 Vol.27 No.6
The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics analysis of the discharge and water quality based on TPLMS (Total Pollution Load Management System) in the Jinwi River unit basin, and to propose a management plan by selecting the point that needs improvement of water quality in order to achieve the target water quality. We evaluated the discharge and water quality characteristics, statistical analysis, daily delivery load and daily delivery density, grade classification, for 14 total pollution load site’s from 2014 to 2016 year in Jinwi river unit basin. The average discharge of Jinwi river unit basin is 22.411 m3/s and discharge of Hwangguji River is 32.8% and the water quality characteristics along the tributary river were clarified spatially. As the result, it was analyzed that Seongeun River is an indirect indicator of organic pollutants, Gwanri River is a seasonal factor, Osan River and Hwangguji River both affect water quality. Estimation of delivered pollutant loads at the HG-3 site was 6,470.4 BOD kg/day, 6,846.7 TN kg/day and delivered pollutant loads density increased to 220.9 BOD kg/day/km2, 22.4 TP kg/day/km2 at the HG-4 site. This result demonstrates that the total pollution load site needed to improve water quality of the Jinwi River unit basin was HG-3 site. 본 연구는 진위천 단위유역의 수질오염총량제도에 따른 유량 및 수질 특성을 정확히 파악하고 목표수질을 달성하기 위하여 수질 개선이 우선적으로 필요한 총량 지점을 선정하여 관리 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 진위천 단위유역의 2014년부터 2016년까지 14개 총량 지점을 대상으로 유량 및 수질 특성, 통계 분석, 유달부하량 및 유달부하 밀도 산정, 하천 등급화 등을 평가하였다. 진위천 단위유역의 유량은 평균 22.411 m3/s이고 황구지천의 유량이 32.8%를 차지하였으며 지류 하천에 따른 공간적으로 수질특성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 주성분 분석 결과 오산천과 황구지천은 유기오염 간접지표 및 계절적 요인, 성은천은 유기오염 간접지표 요인, 관리천은 계절적 요인이 수질에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 유달부하량 산정 결과HG-3 지점에서 6,470.4 BOD kg/day, 6,846.7 TN kg/day로 높게 나타났으며 유달부하 밀도는 HG-4 지점에서 220.9 BOD kg/day/km2, 22.4 TP kg/day/km2로 높게 나타났다. 하천 등급화 방법을 이용한진위천 단위유역의 수질 개선이 우선으로 필요한 총량 지점은 HG-3 지점으로 나타났다.