The Experimental Investigations of Recirculated Exhaust Gas on Exhaust Emissions in a Diesel Engine

김형남,배명완,박재윤,Kim, Hyeong-Nam,Bae, Myeong-Wan,Park, Jae-Yun 대한기계학회 2001 KSME International Journal Vol.15 No.11

The effects of recirculated exhaust gas on the characteristics of NOx and soot emissions under a wide range of engine loads were experimentally investigated by using a four-cycle, four-cylinder, sw irl chamber type, water-cooled diesel engine operating at three engine speeds. The purpose of this study was to develop the EGR-control system for reducing NOx and soot emissions simultaneously in diesel engines. The EGR system is used to reduce NOx emissions, and a novel diesel soot removal device with a cylinder-type scrubber for the experiment system was specially designed and manufactured to reduce soot contents in the recirculated exhaust gas to the intake system of the engine. The experiments were performed at the fixed fuel injection timing of 4$^{\circ}$ ATDC regardless of experimental conditions. It was found that soot emissions in exhaust gases were reduced by 20 to 70% when the scrubber was applied in the range of the experimental conditions, and that NOx emissions decreased markedly, especially at higher loads, while soot emissions increased owing to the decrease in intake and exhaust oxygen concentrations, and the increase in equivalence ratio as the EGR rate is elevated.

다층보 자유단 부위의 열응력

김형남,김영호,Kim Hyung-Nam,Kim Young-Ho 대한용접접합학회 2005 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.23 No.1

An analytical method for determining the thermal stress distributions in a 3-layered beam is developed, which is focused on the end effects. This method gives the stress distributions which satisfy the stress-free boundary condition at the end completely. For verification of the method, a numerical example which was introduced by other researchers is treated. The stress distributions agree with the results of other researchers. The results show that the show and peeling stresses at the interfaces are significant near the edge and become negligible in the interior region.

$1920{\sim}1960$년대 제주시 주택의 변천에 관한 연구

김형남,Kim, Hyung-Nam 한국주거학회 2007 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

Houses in Jeju city are divided into separated types and combination types of household affairs space. Other special types are separated-kitchen type. Separated household affairs space type is mostly built. Separated household affairs space type were sitting room + Gopang separate type and separate sitting room type. Combination household affairs space type made from sitting room, kitchen, Gopang and Chabang(Dinning room) put together as space differentiation, also into classes sitting room + kitchen + Gopang + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Chabang type, sitting room + kitchen + Gopang, sitting room + kitchen type by combination household cares space type. Separated-kitchen type was one of the special type from separated-kitchen type of traditional housing, and type with continuous. Houses in Jeju city were 3 kan type and 4 kan type. 4kan type was mostly built. ㅡ shape is kept as plan shaped of straight shape, and roof shape is showed as ㅡ shape gathering roof. ㅡ shape + part projection type talls part projecting type as happened in Gopang, and Chabang. Roof is gathering roof, and when it is showed ㄱ shape by Gopang, Chabang, and kitchen are projected. ㅡ shape + total projection shape is one of the room become totally projected by Gopang and Chabang, can be happen with small room or kitchen, and roof as gathering roof shaped with ㅡ shape, ㄱ shape, ㄷ shape, unsystematic ㄹ shape, and various shapes.

경피신경 자극과 미세전류신경근 자극이 $\beta-endorphin$ 과 동통역치에 미치는 영향

김형남,박래준,Kim Hyung-Nam,Park Rae-Joon 대한물리치료학회 1997 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the amount of $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold according to time sequences in applying experimented TENS and MENS(pre treatment, posttreatment, 25 minutes after the treatment). This test was to aim at showing the effects of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold applied to the randomly selected twenty healthy men in their twenties. The subjects were divided into two group(ten for TENS and the other ten MENS). The results obtained are as follows : 1. There was no significant difference in the $\beta-endorphin$ between TENS and HENS(p>0.05). There was no difference in the pain threshold at pretreatment and posttreatment(p>0.05), but there was some difference at 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05). 2. The group of TENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest level of $14.40{\pm}3.098$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a little according to time passed. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.92{\pm}0.483$ at 25 minutes after the treatment. 3. The group of MENS in the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ had the highest plateau of $14.20{\pm}3.967$ at posttreatment, but the level decreased a bit according to time passed also. And in the experimental pain threshold, the level went to the highest plateau of $2.49{\pm}0.617$ posttreatment. 4. There were some differences of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ in TENS group at pretreatment and posttreatment(p<0.05). There were some differences in the experimental pain threshold between pretreatment and posttreatment as well as between pretreatment and 25 minutes after the treatment(p<0.05) MENS did not influence the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold. This experiment showed that TENS increased the levels of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ at posttreatment and increased the levels of the experimental pain threshold untill 25 minutes after the treatment. Therefore, the time of sustaining pain in TENS group was longer than that of MENS group. Also, MENS showed that it increased each level of the experimental $\beta-endorphin$ and pain threshold, but these levels were not statistically meaningful.

2008년 경영화두는 '미래' 미래경영 어떻게 할 것인가?

김형남,Kim, Hyeong-Nam 벤처기업협회 2008 벤처다이제스트 Vol.115 No.-

재계는 2008년 경영 화두로 미래경영을 제시했다. 미래경영이란 미래 소비자들의 욕구를 반영한 제품이나 서비스를 만들기 위한 경영전략이다. 애플의 아이팟은 미래경영의 대표적인 성공사례이다. 이와 같이 미래경영이 성공하기 위해서는 무엇보다 적극적인 투자와 변화를 통한 성장 동력 확보가 뒷받침되어야 한다. 미래 경영의 구체적인 사례와 몇 가지 원칙과 조건을 살펴본다.

지상파 DTV 송신기를 위한 적응 IIR 전치등화기

김형남,김완진,권대근,Kim Hyoung-Nam,Kim Wan-Jin,Kwon Dae-Ken 한국통신학회 2006 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.31 No.3A

지상파 디지털 TV 방송 서비스를 위해 송신기에서는 인접 채널에 미치는 영향을 최소화하기 위해서 FCC에서 규정한 전송 신호에 대한 emission mask를 만족하도록 채널 필터를 사용한다. 이러한 채널 필터는 군지연과 크기 왜곡을 야기하는데, 이를 보상하기 위해서 전치등화기를 사용한다. 기존의 전치등화기는 모두 FIR 필터링에 근간을 두고 있었지만, 본 논문에서는 FIR 필터링을 사용하는 전치등화 방법을 제안한다. IIR 필터는 pole-zero 모델링 특성이 있어서 기존 FIR 필터를 이용하는 방법에 비해서 신호 대 잡음비를 향상시킬 수 있고 채별 필터의 왜곡뿐만 아니라 DTV 송신기 내에 존재하는 다양한 선형적인 계곡까지 보상할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안된 IIR 전치등화기가 FIR 전치등화기에 비해서 잔류 평균 자승 오차 측면에서 매우 우수함을 보인다. A novel pre-equalization method for terrestrial DTV transmitters is presented. A pre-equalizer has been used in transmitters to correct group delay and amplitude distortions caused by a channel filter. In the proposed pre-equalizer, an equation-error adaptive IIR filtering scheme is adopted unlike the conventional pre-equalization using FIR filtering schemes. The pole-zero modelling property of IIR filters improves the signal-to-noise ratio and may deal with diverse linear distortions existing in DTV transmitters as well as the channel filter distortion. Simulation results show that the proposed IIR pre-equalizer performs better than the FIR pre-equalizer in terms of the residual mean-square error.

지상파 DTV 수신기에서의 NTSC 간섭 제거 필터에 관한 특성 분석

김형남,Kim Hyoung-Nam 한국통신학회 2005 韓國通信學會論文誌 Vol.30 No.1a

우리나라의 지상파 TV 방송의 디지털 전환이 수도권을 시작으로 본격화 되었지만 2010년까지는 현재의 아날로그 NTSC 방송과 동시에 공존하게 된다. 따라서, 디지털 TV 채널과 동일한 채널에 아날로그 NTSC 방송이 존재하게 되며 이를 효과적으로 제거하기 위해서 DTV 수신기에서는 NTSC 간섭 제거 필터를 채택하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 NTSC 간섭제거 필터의 특성을 살펴보고 이 필터를 사용함으로서 발생하는 잡음 성능 저하를 수학적으로 분석한다. In Korea, transition to digital TV broadcasting started at the metropolitan Seoul area and has expanded to the metropolitan area in 2004. However, until 2010 analog NTSC broadcasting will co-exist with digital TV. In this situation, digital TV may have the same channel as an analog NTSC broadcasting. To remove the effect of the analog NTSC intereference, DTV receivers adopt an NTSC rejection filter. In this paper, analysis on properties of the filter, such as a rejection property and noise performance degradation, is presented.

작품 〈WAY〉 안무 특성 연구

김형남(Kim hyung-nam),김환희(Kim hwan-hee),김희정(Kim hee-jung) 한국콘텐츠학회 2018 한국콘텐츠학회 종합학술대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.5

미약 신호 환경에서의 미상 파라미터에 따른 신호 검출 성능 분석

김요한(Kim Yo-Han),김동규(Kim Dong-Gyu),이유리(Lee Yu-Ri),김소연(Kim Soyeon),김형남(Kim Hyoung-Nam) 한국통신학회 2015 한국통신학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.06

광선요법으로 호전된 종양궤사인자 억제제 사용 중 발생한 건선양 피부염 1예

임균섭 ( Gyun Seop Lim ),김형남 ( Hyung Nam Kim ),김보배 ( Bo Bae Kim ),김동현 ( Dong Hyun Kim ),김윤성 ( Yun Sung Kim ),김현숙 ( Hyun Sook Kim ) 대한류마티스학회 2013 대한류마티스학회지 Vol.20 No.4

TNF-α 억제제는 RA 등의 자가면역 질환 및 건선의 치료에도 사용된다. 하지만 TNF-α 억제제로 자가면역 질환을 치료하는 도중에 역설적으로 자가 면역 반응을 유도하거나 INF-γ의 생산을 증가 시켜 건선이나 건선양 피부염이 발생하는 경우가 있다. 저자들은 RA 환자에서 TNF-α 억제제사용 후 발생한 건선양 피부염을 TNF-α 억제제 중단, 부신피질 호르몬 투여뿐 아니라 광선요법을 병행하여 성공적으로 치료한 1예를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α antagonist is a successful treatment modality for various autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic arthritis, many adverse effects have been reported. Cutaneous adverse reactions of TNF-α antagonist include skin rash, urticaria, lupus like rash, seborrheic dermatitis and different kinds of psoriasiform dermatitis. We report a case of psoriasiform dermatitis during TNF-α antagonist treatment in a 50-year-old woman with RA. The patient has been treated with adalimumab. After 2 months, she developed pruritic erythematous eruption and desquamative lesions on the head and limbs, which were defined as psoriasiform change by a skin biopsy. These skin lesions are successfully treated with combination therapy, including cessation of adalimumab, corticosteroid and phototherapy.