비운동선수, 스프린터와 지구성 운동선수들의 최대산소 섭취량 및 무산소성 역치수준의 평가

조현철(Cho, Hyun-Chul),김학렬(Kim, Hag-Lyeol),김관현(Kim, Kwan-Hyun),장호성(Jang, Ho-Sung),한권상(Han, Kwon-Sang) 용인대학교 무도연구소 1995 武道硏究所誌 Vol.6 No.1

Disciplinary Session 8 / Sport Physiology / Physiological Effects of Physical Training : 최대산소섭취량 , 환기역치 및 환기역치 20% 이하의 운동강도에서 과산화지질 ( LPO ) 생성 및 항산화효소 ( SOD ) 활성도의 변화

조현철,김학렬 ( Hyun Chul Cho,Hag Lyeol Kim ) 한국체육학회 1998 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1998 No.2

강력한 운동부하후 혈중 젖산농도에 대한 성차의 비교

김학렬,조현철,최용준,김의영,안병근 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1995 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare sex differences of blood lactate concentration after strenous 800m sprint running and recovery 15 min. Trained-middle distance runners(Male:11, Female:10) participated as subjects of this paper. All subjects was performed a 800m sprint running, repeatedly. Blood samples for analysis a blood lactate concentration was collected in rest, warm-up after, lst 800m run after, recovery 15 min and 2nd 800m run after, respectively. The results and conclusion of this study was obtained as follows : 1. Male 800m best record in lst and 2nd run was shown a significantly high record, compared to female(lst: p<0.01, 2nd: p<0.001). 2. Blood lactate concentration after lst and 2nd run was not significant difference between male and female. However, Blood lactate concentration of both group displayed more high levels in 2nd run than lst run(p<0.001, respectively). 3. Blood lactate concentration of recovery phase was shown a significantly high lactate removal ability in male, compared with female(p<0.001). As results of above, Peak blood lactate concentration of male and female was not significant difference, but, male was shown a faster lactate removal ability compared with female.

경기종목의 특성에 따른 유·무산소성 대사능력 및 무산소성 파워에 관한 실험적 연구

조현철,송순천,김학렬,손태열 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.2

This experimental study was designed, 1) to observe maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold during incremental loading treadmill exercise by 2-min interval. 2) to determine the anaerobic power in the wingate test during bicycle ergometer work with toe-stirrups. The subject were 16 college elite boxing player, 10 college elite soccer player The results were as -follows: 1. The means±SD of maximal oxygen uptake and maximal oxygen uptake per kg body weight were 4.06±0.66l/min, 4.27±0.46l/min, and 60.58±7.61ml/kg/min 63.05±3.41ml/kg/min, respectively. also maximal heart rate were 187.88±9.44 beats/min, 185.40±6.57 beats/min. respectively. 2. The means±SD of maximal oxygen uptake and maximal oxygen uptake per kg body weight at anaerobic threshold was 2.93±0.5l/min, 3.23±0.47l/min (AT-VO2. l/min), and 43.70±6.97ml/kg/min, 47.71±4.99ml/kg/min (AT-VO2. ml/kg/min), respectively. also Anaerobic Treshold level (AT-% VO2max) was about 72.49±4.37% VO2max, 75.37±8.8% VO2max, and AT-% HRmax was about 86.07±5.97% HRmax, 87.84±6.25% HRmax, respectively. 3. The means ±SD of Anaerobic Power in the wingate test was 592.50±65.42 Wattes, 588.00±46.30 Wattes, respectively. The results of this study indicated that boxing players are incresed training program and exercise prescription for anaerobic metabolic process, soccer players are done training program for aerobic metabolic process, because of decresed maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold level.

흰쥐의 연령증가에 따른 일시적 최대운동 부하시 혈장 콜레스테롤, HDL, LDL 및 TG 농도의 변화

김학렬,조현철,이선장,김영란,최용어 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1993 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study estimated whether a life style and diet pattern or natural phenomenon induced to aging in changes of plasma lipid component. Also, It was estimated from the changes of plasma lipid component followed acute maximal swimming exercise in different aged rats. Three months, nine months and sixteen months male rats of a Sprague-Dawley were housed in individual cages, and they were separated into each two group. - 3 month (12) : Control (6) and Experimental (6) - 9 month (22) : Control (10) and Experimental (12) - 16 month(16) : Control (8) and Experimental (8) In the 3.9.16 month, half of control group was randomly sacrificed. The other half of experimental group was performed with swimming exercise until exhaustive state. Water tank of 50cm depth and 50cm diameter was used for this study. Rats were given a 5 min warm up with swimming exercise, this warm up was followed by taking 5 min rest period, then animal exercised until exhaustion. Plasma cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG levels followed aning of 3,9 and 16 months was not shown a significant difference between control group. Also, Plasma cholesterol, HDL and LDL levels of experimental group was not displayed statistically significant difference between 3,9 and 16 month group, but there was a significant difference(p<.05) between control and experimental group of 16 month, and between experimental group of 3 month and 16 month(p<.05) in levels of triglycerides. Conclusively, This study suggested that changes of plasma lipid component induced by aging was not phenomenan due to increase of age, and conditions except for life style and diet patern, etc. was similar to a changes of lipid component induced as exercise.

여자 유도선수들의 트레이닝과 시합시즌에 따른 혈구세포, 헤마토크리트 및 헤모글로빈 농도의 특성

김학렬,조현철 龍仁大學校 1998 용인대학교 논문집 Vol.15 No.-

The main objective of this study was investigated a "Sports Anemia" phenomenon as estimation a profilex of hematological status during training and competition season. Eleven elite women judoist was recruited to participate as subject of this study. The experimental periods was done lasting for one years and began on March and ended on October. that is, it was done a 1st measurement on March, 2nd measurement on June, 3rd measurement on September. After 3rd measurement all athletes was performed to judo competition and then, it was done a 4rd measurement on October after resting a 4 weeks periods. Values for all hematological parameters are within the normal range for elite women judoist. White Blood Cell (WBC). There was a significant difference between the WBC count of March(1st measurement) and June(2nd measurement), September(3rd measurement), and October(4rd measurement) (F-value=6.077, p〈.01). Red Blood Cell (RBC). There was a significant difference between the RBC count of March vs. June, September and October (F-value = 7.857 p〈.001). Hematocrit (Hct). There was no significant difference throughout training and competition season (F-value=1.233). Hemoglobin (Hb). There was no significant difference between the hemoglobin concentration of training and competition season (F-value= 1.962). Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV). There was a significant difference between the MCV values of March vs. June, September and October, Also, between the MCV values of June vs. October and September vs. October (F-value =44.638, p〈.001). Mean Cell Hemoglobin (MCH). There was no significant difference between training and season, except March vs. June (F-value =4.137, p〈.05). Mean Cellular Hemoglobin Content (MCHC). There was a significant difference between the MCHC of March vs. June, September and October (F-value = 28.609, p〈.001). Our results suggest that Mean values for hematological parameters following training and competition season in elite women judoist are remained within the normal range, and that "Sport Anemia" cannot observed a throughout training and competition season.

투기종목 선수들의 무산소성 역치의 특성

조현철,송순천,김춘경,김의영,안용규,이규석,김학렬 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1991 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.1

The purpose of the present study is to determine the levels of maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of boxing players(n=23), ken-do players(n=18), Judo players(n=12), T.D.K players(n=18). Treadmill test was used to measure maximal state and anaerobic threshold of metabolic variables. Treadmill exercises protocol was 2-min incremental test from an initial work load of 0MPH(grade : 0%) to all-out by step of 1.0MPH(grade : 2%). The results of measurement was as follows : 1. Absolute(1/min) and relative(ml/kg/min) maximal oxygen uptake was highest(5.08l/min, 65.01 ml/kg/min) in Judo layers, followed in order by the T.D.K players (4.37l/min, 64.74 ml/kg/min), Boxing players(4.18) l/min, 63.19 ml/kg/min) and ken-do players(3.81l/min, 58.65 ml/kg/min). It is not significant difference in the relative maximal oxygen uptake, but is significant difference between group in the absolute maximal oxygen uptake(p<0.001) 2. AT-VO₂(l/min) and AT-VO₂(ml/kg/min) in the anaerobic threshold was highest (3.71 l/min, 47.28 ml/kg/min) in Judo players, followed in order by the T.K.D players(3.29 l/min, 48.75 ml/kg/min), boxing players(2.90 l/min, 43.91 ml/kg/min) and ken-do players(2.82 l/min, 43.52 ml/kg/min). It is not significant difference in the AT-V02(ml/kg/min), but is significant difference between group in the AT-V02(l/min). (p<0.001) 3. %HRmax and %V 02max in the anaerobic threshold was not significant difference between group.

우수여자 유도선수들의 연간 트레이닝과 디트레이닝에 따른 무산소성 역치의 변화

홍관이,정정진,김학렬,김기진,조현철,손태열,노성규 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1992 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.2 No.1

The seasonal variance for estimate of exercise intensity, energy expenditure, maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold of elite women judo players(Group Ⅰ:4,Group Ⅱ: 4) was measured during 3,5,7,9,10month. The results of this study is as follows. 1. Exercise intensity by %HRmax during seasonal training was shown range of 56.45-73.62, 65.56-82.15, 80.03-86.62, 62.06-68.83%HRmax, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warm up, additional exercise, main exercise and cooling down. 2. Energy expenditure per min during seasonal training was shown range of 4.09-7.96, 5.41-8.66, 8.95-9.90 and 5.05-6.41Kcal/min, respectiveley, from 3 to 9month in the warn up, additional exercise, main exercise, main exercsie and cooling down. 3. Changes of maximal oxygen uptake(VO₂max)during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, maximal heart rate during detraining expressed significant difference(p<0.05) between both group. 4. Anaerobic threshold levels during seasonal training and detraining not significant difference between both group, and in the seasonal variance. However, AT-VE(1/min) and AT- work time(min) of group Ⅱ expressed significant difference(p<0.01) in the seasonal variance.

Responses of blood electrolyte in royale and king course triathlons competition

Cho, Hyun Chul,Kim, Hag Lyeol,Hwang, Moon Sook,Hwang, Kyu Ja,Kang, Sung Chul,Hong, Whan Pyo 龍仁大學校 體育科學硏究所 1996 體育科學硏究論叢 Vol.6 No.2

수영, 싸이클 및 런닝을 동시적으로 트레이닝을 수행하는 트라이애슬론은 최근 일반인들 뿐만 아니라 운동선수들 사이에서 급속하게 흥미를 불러 일으키고 있다. 이 연구에 대한 목적은 철인3종경기선수들을 대상으로 Royale(수영 1.5km, 싸이클 40km, 런닝 10km)과 King(수영 3km, 싸이클 180km, 런닝 42.195km)Course 시합 전.후에 따른 혈중 전해질 농도의 반응을 평가하는 것이다. Royale Course에 참여한 모든 선수들은 안정시에 비해 시합직후에서 나트륨(Na, p〈0.001), 칼륨(K, p〈0.001), 총 단백질 (TP, p〈0.001), 칼슘(Ca, p〈0.001), 및 마그네슘(Mg, p〈0.001)농도에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었다. 그러나 글루코스(Glu) 및 중성지방질 (Triglyceride)농도에 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 유사하게, King Course의 경우에 있어서도칼륨(K, p〈0.001), 총단백질(TP, p〈0.001), 칼슘(Ca, p〈0.001), 및 마그네슘(Mg, p〈0.001)농도에서 유의한 증가를 나타내었으나, 글루코스, 나투륨 및 트리글리세라이드 농도에서 통계적 유의차는 관찰되지 않았다. 현재연구에 대한 결과로서 5가지의 혈중 전해질(Na, K, TP, Ca and Mg)농도는 Royale 과 King Course 레이스의 시합전에 비해 시합후에서 통계적으로 유의한 증가가 입증되었다. 현재연구에서 혈중 전해질 농도의 유의한 증가는 트라이애슬론 레이스시 피로를 유발시켜 신체적 운동능력을 제한시키는 중추적인 요인이 된다는 것을 시사하는 것이다.

가령(加齡)현상에 따른 혈장 콜레스테롤 , 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 , 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 트리글리세라이드 농도의 특성 및 장기간 지구성 트레이닝에 대한 효과

조현철,김학렬 한국운동과학회 1998 운동과학 Vol.7 No.1

가령(加齡)현상에 따른 혈장 콜레스테롤, 고밀도지단백 콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백 콜레스테롤 및 트리글리세라이드 농도의 특성 및 장기간 지구성 트레이닝에 대한 효과. 운동과학, 제7권 제1호, 35-52, 1998. 본 연구는 노화(Aging)에 따라 혈중 총 콜레스테롤, 저밀도지단백(Low-density lipoprotein) 콜레스테롤 및 트리글리세라이드(Triglyceride) 농도가 연령이 증가함에 따라 자연적으로 유발되는 현상인지, 혹은 생활습관 및 식이상태와 같은 후천적 요인에 기인하는 것인지에 대한 차이를 규명하고, 연령증가에 따른 혈장 지질 및 지단백 특성에 대한 장기간 지구성 트레이닝의 효과를 평가하는 것이다. Spague- Dawley종의 흰 쥐 수컷을 비훈련과 훈련집단으로 무작위 구분하였으며, 비훈련집단은 6주령, 12주령, 18주령, 24주령, 36주령, 48주령, 52주령 및 64주령 집단으로 구분하고, 훈련집단은 18주령, 24주령, 36주령, 48주령 및 64주령 집단으로 각각 구분하였다. 본 연구에서 이용된 장기간 지구성 트레이닝 프로그램은 동물 트레드밀을 이용하였으며, 트레이닝 시작에서 2주까지 10m/min 속도에서 30분동안 운동하고, 2-4주까지 15m/min 속도에서 3일 간격으로 10분씩 증가하여 60분까지 증가시켰다. 이후 4-8주까지 운동수행시간을 60분으로 유지하면서 속도를 20m/min로 증가시켰으며, 8-12주까지 25m/min로 증가시켰다. 이러한 트레이닝 프로그램은 12주 트레이닝 기간동안 주당 5일을 수행하였다. 결과적으로 연령이 증가함에 따라 훈련과 비훈련된 동물의 혈장 지질과 지단백 농도의 특성에 뚜렷한 차이를 발견할 수가 없었다. 또한 12주령간 지구성 트레이인을 수행한 훈련집단은 비훈련집단에 비해 18주령과 48주령 집단에서 유의하게 낮은 총 콜레스테롤 수준을 나타냈으며, HDL-C농도는 24주령, 36주령 및 48주령 집단에서 유의한 개선을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과에 따라 훈련집단의 LDL-C농도는 18주령, 48주령 및 64주령 집단에서 유의하게 감소된 수준을 나타냈으며, TG농도는 오로지 64주령 집단에서만 통계적으로 낮은 수준을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 연령증가에 따른 혈장 콜레스테롤, HDL-C, LDL-C 및 트리글리세라이드 농도가 노화(Aging)에 따라 필연적으로 유발되는 현상은 아니라는 것과, 장기간 지구성 트레이닝으로 인한 혈장 지질 및 지단백 농도의 특성이 연령차이에 따라 다르다는 것을 시사하는 것이다. Plasma total cholesterol, Higg-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), Low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C) and triglyceride concentration profile in increasing age, and the effects of long-term endurance training - Animal study. Exercise Science, 7(1): 35-52, 1998. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate a difference whether naturally inducing phenomenon follows aging, of due to a diet states and life style. Another aim of the study was to evaluate the plasma lipids and lipoproteins profiles in long-term endurance trained animal, compared to untrained group. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. Untrained group were assigned to ages of 6wks., 12wks., 18wks., 24wks., 36wks., 48wks., 52wks. and 64wks., and of 18wks., 24wks., 36wks., 48wks. and 64wks. in the trained group. The animal to be trained performed treadmill exercise training from ages 6wks., 12wks., 24wks., 36wks. and 52wks. to 18wks., 24wks. 36wks., 48wks, and 64wks. Animal of five group were exercised 30min at 10m/min from two wks, 60min at 15m/min to four wks. Thereafter, the speed of treadmill were increased to 60min at 20m/min to eight wks, 60min 25m/min to twelve wks. This training program was carried out for live days a week to twelve wks training period. No significant changes or difference were observed for plasma lipids and lipoproteins concentration profiles of trained and untrained group in the increasing age. Endurance trained group showed a significantly lower TG in the 18wks and 48wks. compared to untrained group. Also, HDL-C was showed a significantly higher levels in the 24wks., 36Wks. and 48wks. As this results, LDL-C of trained group was shown a significantly deceased levels in the 18wks., 48wks. and 64wks. However, TG concentration was demonstrated a significantly lower levels only 64wks. of trained group. These results demonstrated that plasma total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG concentration profiles in increasing age was not naturally inducing phenomenon by biological aging, and long-term endurance training effects in plasma lipics and lipoproteins concentration exist a different responses in increasing age.