Al - brass 의 해수부식에 관한 연구

김택남,김종희 ( Taik Nam Kim,Chong Hee Kim ) 한국부식방식학회 1980 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.9 No.2

논문 : 제올라이트의 수열처리에 관한 연구

김윤종 ( Yun Jong Kim ),김택남 ( Taik Nam Kim ),김일용 ( Ill Yong Kim ),최영준 ( Young Jun Kim ),이승우 ( Seung Wo Lee ) 대한지구물리학회 2001 지구물리 Vol.4 No.4

Y₂O₃안정화제 첨가량에 따라 수열합성법으로 제조된 ZrO₂-Xmol% Y₂O₃분말의 합성 및 기계적 특성

이학주,김택남,배성철,고명원,류재경,Lee, Hak-Joo,Kim, Taik-Nam,Bea, Sung-Chul,Go, Myung-Won,Ryu, Jae-Kyung 한국재료학회 2010 한국재료학회지 Vol.20 No.10

In this study, partially stabilized zirconia was synthesized using a chemical $Y_2O_3$ stabilizer and hydrothermal method. First, $YCl_3-6H_2O$ and $ZrCl_2O-8H_2O$ was dissolved in distilled water. Y-TZP (a $Y_2O_3$-doped toughened zirconia polycrystalline precursor) was also prepared by conventional co-precipitates in the presence of an excess amount of $NH_4OH$ solution under a fixed pH of 12. The Y-TZP precursors were filtered and repeatedly washed with distilled water to remove $Cl^-$ ions. $ZrO_2$-Xmol%$Y_2O_3$ powder was synthesized by a hydrothermal method using Teflon Vessels at $180^{\circ}C$ for 6 h of optimized condition. The powder added with the Xmol%- $Y_2O_3$ (X = 0,1,3,5 mol%) stabilizer of the $ZrO_2$ was synthesized. The crystal phase, particle size, and morphologies were analyzed. Rectangular specimens of $33mm{\times}8mm{\times}3$ mm for three-point bend tests were used in the mechanical properties evaluation. A teragonal phase was observed in the samples, which contains more than 3 mol% $Y_2O_3$. The $3Y-ZrO_2$ agglomerated particle size was measured at $7.01{\mu}m$. The agglomerated particle was clearly observed in the sample of 5 mol % $Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$, and and the agglomerated particle size was measured at 16.4 um. However, a 20 nm particle was specifically observed by FE-SEM in the sample of 3 mol% $Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$. The highest bending fracture strength was measured as 321.3 MPa in sample of 3 mol% $Y_2O_3-ZrO_2$.

Ti 합금표면의 항균성 HAp Coating에 관한 연구

정문영,김택남,김윤종,임혁준,김종옥,임대영,김선옥,Jung, Moon-Young,Kim, Taik-Nam,Kim, Yun-Jong,Yim, Hyuk-Jun,Kim, Jong-Ock,Lim, Dae-young,Kim, Sun-Ok 배재대학교 공학연구소 1998 공학논문집 Vol.3 No.1

생체적합성이 뛰어난 Hydroxyapatite(HAp)를 Wet Chemical Process로 만든 후 Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD)를 이용하여 Ti-6Al-4V의 표면에 coating 시켰다. 그런후 5ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, 100ppm의 $AgNO_3$용액으로 HAp의 Ca이온과 Ag이온을 치환시켰다. 본 논문에서는 Ag-HAp로 coating된 Ti-6Al-4V를 만들어 항균효과와 생체적합성을 연구하였다. 먼저 생체 대체재료 이식수술시 감염이 큰 2가지 종류의 bacteria (P. Aeruginosa, S. Epidermidis)로 항균 test를 하였고, 그 결과 20ppm의 $AgNO_3$로 처리한 Ti-6Al-4V에서 우수한 항균성이 관찰되었다. 또한 생체적합성 연구을 위해 osteoblast와 macrophages로 생체적합성 실험을 하여 SEM으로 관찰한 결과, 5ppm과 10ppm의 $AgNO_3$로 처리한 Ti-6Al-4V 에서 좋은 생체적합성을 보였다. HAp의 Ca 이온에 치환된 Ag 이온의 항균원리를 관찰하기 위하여, 가장 일반적인 bacteria인 E. coli를 Ag-HAp로 처리한 후 transmission electron microscope (TEM)으로 관찰하였다. Ag-HAp로 처리한 E. coli에서 cell wall과 cytoplasm이 파괴된 것이 관찰되었고, cytoplasm에서는 검은점이 발견되었다. 이 검은점을 Energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX)로 분석한 결과 미량의 Ag이온이 검출되었다. 이로써 Ag 이온이 효과적으로 Bacteria를 파괴하여 항균효과를 나타내는 것을 알 수 있었다. Hyeroxyapatite(HAp) which has good biocompatibility was made by Wet Chemical Process. The surface of Ti-6Al-4V, coated with HAp by lon Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD), was treated with 5ppm, 10ppm, 20ppm, and 100ppm of $AgNO_3$ solution. In this Ag impregnation process, $Ca^{2+}$ of HAp was substituted with $Ag^+$ of $AgNO_3$. In this study, the antimicrobial effect and biocompatibility of Ti-6Al-4V alloy which was coated with Ag-HAp were examined. The antimicrobial test was carried out with two kinds of bacteria(P. Aeruginosa, S. Epidermidis), which are highly infectious in a transplanting operation of implant materials. As a result of the test, it was observed that Ti-6Al-4V alloy which was treated by 20ppm of $AgNO_3$ solution has good biocompatibility. In order to observe the antimicrobial mechanism of $Ag^+$, E. coli which is the most common bacterium was treated by Ag-HAp. Then cell morphology of E. coli was observed by the transmission electron microscope(TEM). The destruction of cell wall and cytoplasm of E. coil were observed. A black spot appeared in the cytoplasm was analyzed by energy dispersive analysis X-ray (EDAX) and it showed a small amount of $Ag^+$. Thus, it was proved that $Ag^+$ destroys bacteria effectively and Ti-6Al-4V alloy which was impregnate with Ag ion show antimicrobial effect on infection bacteria.

메탄가스 분리용 탄소분자체 특성 연구

이범석,김택남,김윤종,Lee Byum-Suk,Kim Taik-Nam,Kim Yun-Jong 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The object of this research is to develop a carbon molecular sieve(below CMS) which can separate selectively to convert mixture gases spout at waste landfill into fuel. And this research is meaningful from the viewpoint of a quality improvement of CH$_4$ gas and an utilization of by-product. CMS was prepared using coconut shell powder as starting material and the effects of activators, temperature and modifier on the reaction were investigated in this research. Also, pore diameter, surface area of CMS and adsorption rate were measured and studied by cahn balance and ASAP2010. Its specific surface area and pore distribution were controlled easily at 800^{\circ}C and adsorption rate was very good. The CMS prepared in this research is shown to be able to separate landfill gases very effectively.

IBAD를 이용하여 알루미나 위에 HAp를 Coating하는 연구와 이의 항균력 시험

박의서,김택남,임혁준,김윤종,황득수,김정우,김선옥,Park, Eui-Seo,Kim, Taik-Nam,Yim, Hyuk-Jun,Kim, Yun-Jong,Hwang, Deuk-Soo,Kim, Jung-Woo,Kim, Sun-Ok 배재대학교 공학연구소 1998 공학논문집 Vol.3 No.1

Hydroxyapatite($Ca_10(PO_4)_6(OH)_2$)는 생체친화성이 뛰어나고 인체의 뼈와 성분이 비슷하여 생체이식재료로 많이 사용되고 있다. 한편 HAp는 소결후 낮은 강도 때문에 HAp자체만으로는 생체이식재료로서의 강도를 기대할 수가 없다. 그러나 알루미나는 생리화학적인 환경에서 높은 강도와 매우 안정한 성질을 가지고 있기 때문에 알루미나 위에 HAp를 coating시켜 사용하려는 시도가 있었다. 본 연구는 알루미나와 HAp의 장점만을 이용하고, HAp에 항균성 물질을 첨가하여 항균효과를 나타내도록 하였다. 항균test는 생체재료이식시 가장 많은 감염을 일으키는 bacteria를 사용하여 실시하였다. 먼저 HAp에서 $Ag^+$와 $Ca^{2+}$이 이온교환을 시키기 위하여 20ppm, 100ppm의 $AgNO_3$용액에 48시간동안 처리하고, 이 재료를 사용하여 항균test를 하였다. 항균test에 사용된 bacteria는 gram negative bacteria인 Escherichia coli와 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, gram positive bacteria인 Staphylococcus epidermidis를 사용하였고, 항균test결과는 매우 좋은 것으로 나타났다. $AgNO_3$용액에서 처리한 sample들은 SEM과 XRD를 사용하여 표면구조와 성분을 조사하고, 유사생체용액(Simulated Body Fluid)에서 Ag release curve를 조사하였다. Hydroxyapatite was used as implant materials, because it has a good biocompatibility and is similar to human bone. However it is not expected to have a high strength as implant materials because of a low fracture strength after sintering of HAp. Alumina ($\alpha$-alumina) shows a stable chemical properties and high strength in physiological environments. Thus it was tried to use a HAp coatings on Alumina substrate as implant materials. In this study, HAp was coated on Alumina substrate by lon Beam Assisted Deposition(IBAD). Then Ag was impregnated on HAp coating layer, which showed antimicrobial effects. To carry out the ion exchange of $Ag^+$ with $Ca^{2+}$ in HAp on the surface, HAp coated alumina substrate was immersed in 20ppm, 100ppm $AgNO_3$ solution at room temperature for 48 hours. Antimicrobial test was studied by using bacteria, which normally caused periprosthetic infections. The follwing bacteria was used in antimicrobial test. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (gram negative) and staphylococcus epidermidis (gram positive). Ag impregnated HAp shows very good antimicrobial effects against these bacteria. The surface structure of sample, which was treated in $AgNO_3$ solution was studied by SEM, XRD. Ag release curve was studied in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) solution.

Microwave에 의한 정수장 폐활성탄의 복원 특성

이범석,김택남,김종옥,Lee, Bum-Suk,Kim, Taik-Nam,Kim, Jong-Ock 배재대학교 공학연구소 2002 공학논문집 Vol.4 No.1

본 연구에서는 정수장에서 사용후 폐기된 활성탄을 전자파로 조사 capillary 복원 능력을 조사하였고 활성화제의 종류 및 량에 따른 비표면적 변화에 대하여 연구하였다. 수증기를 활성화제로 사용한 경우에는 재생의 능력은 우수하나, 폐활성탄에 함유하고 있는 수분과 반응하여 자동이송에 문제점이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 $CO_2$ gas로 재생한 결과 이송의 문제점도 해결되고 비표면적도 신탄에 비해 10-20%향상된 것으로 나타났다. 전자파의 세기에 있어서는 2.75kw 공급시 제일 좋은 재생효과가 나타났다. 각 변수에 의한 실험 후 반응물을 ASAP, SEM등을 이용하여 분석한 결과 전자파의 세기와 활성화제 종류 및 양에 따라 복원 능력이 다르게 나타났다. 특히 공기를 활성화제로 사용한 경우에는 복원능력의 오차가 심하게 나타났다. 이는 전자파에 의해 활성탄이 가열된 상태에서 공기의 량이 과다하게 투입, 산화, 연소되어 수율이 떨어지는 것으로 확인되었다. Microwave를 이용하여 폐활성탄을 재생시킨 결과 일반적으로 사용하고 있는 rotary kiln보다 우수한 재생효과가 나타났고, 경제성에서도 앞서는 것으로 나타났으나 대량 생산이 어렵다는 것이 단점으로 나타났다. The active carbon waste which was used in water purification plant was investigated for the improvement of capillary after microwave treatment. The variation of surface area was measured with the various kinds and amounts of active carbon. The water vapor as the activator was verified to improve the capillary but it reacted with the water contained in waste active carbon. In contrast to the water vapor, the $CO_2$ gas improved the surface area about 10-20 % compared to as received one. The best results was observed at the intensity of 2.75 kw microwave. The more effective recovery of active carbon waste was observed at the microwave treatment compared to the rotary kiln treatment. However, the mass production is so difficult in the microwave process.

Cp-Ti 표면의 Hydroxyapatite+TiO₂ 복합 Sol 코팅에 관한 연구

김윤종,김택남,이성호,Kim, Yun-Jong,Kim, Taik-Nam,Lee, Sung-Ho 한국재료학회 2005 한국재료학회지 Vol.15 No.7

In this study, $Hydroxyapatite+TiO_2(HAp+TiO_2)$ composite sol coatings on Cp-Ti substrates were deposited by using a sol-gel derived precursor. Prior to hydroxyapatite coating, the samples were micropolished and divided into three sets. The first set was coated with hydroxyapatite (HAp) directly on Cp-Ti. The second set was first coated with intermediate titania layer and then coated with HAp. The third set samples were coated with $HAp+TiO_2$ (50:50) composite sol. Each samples were predried at $200^{\circ}C$, and heat treated at $600^{\circ}C$. The formation of hydroxyapatite has been confirmed by XRD analyses and the substrate material was found to be oxidized with negligible amount of CaO in the coating. The NaOH treated samples showed the presence of rutile crystal. The SEM studies revealed surface morphologies of each samples. $HAp+TiO_2$ composite sol coating layer was found to be smooth. The bonding strength of each samples were calculated using pull out tests. The bonding strength of the $HAp+TiO_2$ composite sol coating on substrate was 29.35MPa.

소다석회유리에서 Alumina첨가제에 따른 제병 공정의 영향

최영준,김종옥,김택남,Choi, Young-June,Kim, Jong-Ock,Kim, Taik-Nam 배재대학교 공학연구소 2002 공학논문집 Vol.4 No.1

병유리 파유리는 생산하고자 하는 제품과 같은 조성을 가지고 있어 아무리 투입해도 문제가 발생하지 않지만 수급에 문제가 발생하고 있어 예전에는 사용하지 않고 폐기하던 판상 파유리를 사용하고 있다. 그러나 현재 판상 파유리를 사용하면서 판상 파유리의 이질성 때문에 실투, Stone과 같은 많은 문제가 발생하고 있다. 이것의 원인은 $Al_2O_3$의 감소라 생각하고 장석을 통하여 $Al_2O_3$ 함량을 늘리고 판상 파유리의 사용량을 늘려 보고자 하였다. 자원의 재활용(파유리 재활용 증대)과 천연 원료의 사용량 감소에 따라 경제 적으로 많은 이익을 얻을 수 있고 자연 환경의 보전 즉 환경 문제에도 도움을 줄 것이다. 판상 파유리의 비율이 증가함에 따라 $Al_2O_3$의 함량이 감소하는 모습을 볼 수 있었다. 부족한 $Al_2O_3$의 양을 보완하기 위해 장석의 투입량을 증가시켜 $Al_2O_3$의 함량을 보완했다. EDS DATA를 분석해 보면 Si, O의 Pick 만이 존재하는 것을 확인 할 수 있어 나타난 결함이 $SiO_2$계임을 알 수 있었고, SEM 사진을 분석해 보면 $120^{\circ}$의 세 방향으로 열팽창 계수 차에 의해 모습을 볼 수 있어 이것이 Crystobalite 또는 Tridymite라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 편광 현미경에 의한 관찰 결과를 보면 Quartz, tridymite 그리고 Crystobalite Stons과 비슷한 모습을 볼 수가 있었다. 그리고 상평형도에 삼성분에 의한 삼중점을 찾아본 분석해보면 삼중점들이 Tridymite 상의 위치에 있는 것을 볼 수 있어 Tridymite라고 결론을 지을 수 있었다. 따라서 $Al_2O_3$의 한계 임계율은 7.5%인 것을 알 수 있었다. The chemical composition of bottle glass is consisted of Na2O-CaO-SiO2. However the cullet is mornally used in order to decrease the melting tsmperature. This induce the productivity of bottle and decreases the cost. The addition of plate glass decreases the Al2O3 content and in fluence the stone phenomenon and devitification in botle glass. Tus the Feldspar is added in order to increase the Al2O3 content when plate cullet was added in melting. The Tridymite crystal was observed over 7.5% Al2O3 contents, which shown as white crystal in appearance. It is Supposed that the Wollastonite Would be occurred in more over 7.5% Al2O3. This fad id well consised With the Litertctures.

우레아 첨가량 변화에 따라 수열합성법으로 제조 된 3mol%Y₂O₃-ZrO₂ 분말의 합성 및 기계적 특성 평가

이학주,고명원,김택남,Lee, Hak-Joo,Go, Myung-Won,Kim, Taik-Nam 한국재료학회 2011 한국재료학회지 Vol.21 No.8

The industrial manufacturing of YSZ products can be summarized as a three step process: a) hydrolysis of zirconyl chloride and mixing of other solutions, b) precipitation, and c) calcination. The addition of ammonia or OH- is essential in the precipitation process. However, a strong agglomeration was observed in the results of an ammonia or OH- addition. Thus, it is necessary to disperse the powders smoothly in order to improve the mechanical strength of YSZ. In this study, YSZ was synthesized using the urea stabilizer and hydrothermal method. YSZ powders were synthesized using a hydrothermal method with Teflon Vessels at $180^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The mole ratio of urea to Zr was 0, 0.5, 1, and 2. The crystal phase, particle size, and morphologies were analyzed. Rectangular specimens ($33\;mm{\times}8\;mm{\times}1{\pm}0.5\;mm$) for three-point bend tests were used in the mechanical properties evaluation. The crystalline of YSZ powders observed a tetragonal phase in the sample with a ratio of Zr:urea = 1:2 addition and a hydrothermal reaction time of 24 h. The average primary particle size of YSZ was measured to be 9 nm to 11 nm. The agglomerated particle size was measured from 15 nm to 30 nm. The three-point bending strength of the YSZ samples was 142.47 MPa, which is the highest value obtained for the Zr:urea = 1:2 ratio addition YSZ sample.