금제련(金製鍊) 기술(技術)의 현황(現況)

김병수,김치권,손정수,Kim, Byung-Su,Kim, Chi-Kwon,Sohn, Jeong-Soo 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2007 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.16 No.3

현재 금의 대부분은 금광과 납, 구리 등의 비철금속을 제련하는 공정에서 발생되는 부산물인 양극 슬라임으로부터 제련되고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 금은 사용 후 수거되는 치과 의료용 재료와 폐도금액 그리고 폐인쇄회로기판(폐PCBs) 등의 폐기물로부터 상당량이 제련되고 있다. 금광과 수거되는 고 함량 금함유 폐기물로부터 금을 제련하는 방법에는 크게 염화법, 청화법, 아말감법 등이 있으며, 비철금속 제련공정상의 부산물인 양극 슬라임으로부터 금을 제련하는 방법에는 전기분해법이 있다. 전기분해법은 크게 배소-고온용융-전기분해 공정으로 구성되어 진다. 또한 폐PCBs 같은 저 함량 금함유 폐기물로부터 금을 제련하는 방법에는 주로 건식법이 사용되고 있다. 본 고에서는 금을 제련하는 기술 현황에 대하여 소개하고, 이어서 최근에 국내에서 개발 중인 금제련 기술개발을 간략히 소개하고자 한다. Presently, most of gold is smelted from gold concentrates and anode slimes. Anode slimes are by-products of nonferrous smelters such as lead and copper. In addition, gold is recovered from waste dental and medical materials, waste gold coating solution, and waste printed circuit boards (waste PCBs). The smelting method of gold from gold concentrates and various wastes containing high concentration of gold is largely divided into chlorination, cyanidation, and amalgamation methods. For the anode slimes, electrolysis method is usually used, which largely consists of roasting, high temperature melting and electrolysis processes. Also, various wastes containing low concentration of gold are mainly treated by pyrometallursical processes. In the paper, current status on gold smelting technology is reviewed, and a novel process for gold smelting which is researched in the recent is briefly introduced.

염산 수용액 중에서 Au와 Pd의 전기화학적 거동에 관한 연구

유연태,김치권,Yu, Yeon-Tae,Kim, Chi-Kwon 한국재료학회 2001 한국재료학회지 Vol.11 No.2

전자산업 폐기물의 산침출 용액으로부터 전해채취법에 의해 Au와 Pd를 선택적으로 회수하기 위하여, 염산수용액 중에서 Au와 Pd의 전기화학적 거동을 voltammetry방법에 의해 조사하였다. Au단독 전해욕에서 Au의 환원전위는 약 800mV이었고 환원한계전류는 약 470mV에서 나타났으며, Pd 단독 전해욕에서 Pd의 환원전위는 약 500mV이었고 환원한계전류는 약 150mV에서 나타났다. 그러나, Au-Pd혼합 전해용액에서, Au의 환원전위 및 환원한계전위 값은 전해욕 중 Pd의 농도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였고, Au와 Pd의 환원한계전위 값은 Au-Pd 전해욕 중 Pd 전해용액의 함유량이 30vo1%일 때 가장 가까운 값을 나타내었다 In order to recover Au and Pd from the leaching solution of various electronic wastes by electrowinning, the electrochemical behavior of Au and Pd in hydorchloric acidic solution was investigated by means of voltammetry. The reduction potential of Au ion was 800mV and the limiting current appeared at 470mV in electrolytic solution of gold. The reduction potential of Pd ion was 500mv and the limiting current appeared at 150mV in electrolytic solution of Palladium. However, in Au-Pd electrolytic solution, the Potentials for reduction and the limiting current of Au decreased as the content of Pd in electrolyte increased, and the potentials for the limiting current of Au and Pd closed nearest together when percentage of Pd electrolytic solution was 37v71% in Au-Pd electrolyte.

자동차(自動車) 폐촉매(廢觸媒)의 침출액(浸出液)으로부터 백금족(白金族) 금속(金屬)의 용매추출(溶媒抽出)

김미애,이재천,김치권,김민석,김병수,유경권,Kim, Mi-Ae,Lee, Jae-Chun,Kim, Chi-Kwon,Kim, Min-Seuk,Kim, Byung-Su,Yoo, Kyoung-Keun 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2006 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.15 No.5

자동차 폐촉매의 침출액으로부터 백금족 금속의 분리를 위하여 용매추출에 대한 기초연구가 수행되었다. 추출제로 tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), tri-n-octylamine (TOA) 그리고 di-n-hexyl sulfide (DHS)를 등유에 희석하여 사용하였다. 추출제의 종류 및 농도가 백금, 팔라듐 그리고 로듐의 추출거동에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 또한 세륨, 납, 철, 마그네슘 그리고 알루미늄 등 침출액에 존재하는 주요 금속불순물의 추출거동도 함께 조사하였다. TBP는 백금과 팔라듐, 그리고 TOA는 백금, 팔라듐, 로듐을 동시에 추출하였다. DHS 추출제인 SFI-6에 의한 용매추출 시 백금이 팔라듐과 함께 유기상으로 추출되었으나, SFI-6R은 팔라듐만 선택적으로 추출하였다. SFI-6R은 SFI-6에 비하여 팔라듐에 대한 선택성이 우수하였으나 추출속도가 느렸다. 추출제의 종류에 따라 백금족 금속과 함께 추출되는 금속불순물들이 달라지며 세정 또는 탈거공정에서 이들을 제거하여야 한다. 자동차 폐촉매의 침출액으로부터 백금, 팔라듐 그리고 로듐을 분리하기 위하여 먼저 DHS 추출제인 SFI-6R를 사용하여 팔라듐을 분리한 다음 TBP 또는 TOA으로 백금을 추출하여 로듐과 분리하는 공정이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. The solvent extraction for the separation of platinum group metals from the leach liquor of spent automotive catalysts has been studied. Tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP), tri-n-octylamine (TOA) and di-n-hexyl sulfide (DHS) were used as extractants and kerosene as a diluent. The extraction behavior of platinum, palladium and rhodium has been investigated as functions of different kinds of extractants and their concentrations. In addition, the extraction behavior of the major metal impurities such as cerium, lead, iron, magnesium and aluminum has been investigated. Platinum and palladium were extracted with TBP. And platinum, palladium and rhodium were extracted with TOA. Platinum was co-extracted with palladium into the organic phase by solvent extraction using SFI-6 of DHS extractant, but only palladium was selectively extracted with SFI-6R. The selective extraction of palladium with SFI-6R was found better than that with SFI-6, but the kinetics of extraction with SFI-6R was found poor in comparison to SFI-6. The metal impurities extracted simultaneously during the extraction of platinum group metals should be removed in scrubbing and stripping processes. A suitable process has been proposed for the separation of platinum group metals from the leach liquor of spent automotive catalysts. Initially palladium was extracted with SFI-6R, followed by the separation of platinum with TBP or TOA leaving rhodium in the raffinate.

황산용액에서 수송체인 Cyanex 272를 함유한 지지액막에 의한 코발트의 이동 연구

이재천 ( Jae Chun Lee ),김치권 ( Chi Kwon Kim ),정진기 ( Jin Ki Jeong ),이계호 ( Gae Ho Lee ),Basudev Swain 한국공업화학회 2006 응용화학 Vol.10 No.1

금의 일반 현황

김병수 ( Byung Su Kim ),정수복 ( Soo Bok Jeong ),손정수 ( Jeong Soo Sohn ),김치권 ( Chi Kwon Kim ),최낙준 ( Nag Joon Choi ),이재천 ( Jae Chun Lee ) 대한금속재료학회 ( 구 대한금속학회 ) 2008 재료마당 Vol.21 No.6

自動車 廢觸媒로부터 鹽酸浸出에 의한 自金族 金屬의 回收

이재천,정진기,김민석,김병수,김치권,Lee, Jae-Chun,Jeong, Jin-Ki,Kim, Min-Seuk,Kim, Byung-Su,Kim, Chi-Kwon 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2004 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.13 No.5

산화제로 질산 또는 하이포아염소산나트륨을 사용하는 염산침출에 의하여 자동차 폐촉매로부터 백금, 필라듐 및 로듐 등의 백금족 금속을 추출하는 연구를 수행하였다. 산화제의 종류 및 주입량, 반응시간, 광액농도가 백금족 금속의 추출에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 침출액으로부터 백금족 금속은 알루미늄을 환원제로 사용하는 세멘테이션법으로 회수하였다. 하이포아염소산나트륨을 산화제로 사용하였을 때 백금족 금속의 추출율이 더 높았으며 최적침출조건은 염산농도 8M, 하이포아염소산나트륨 첨가량 1.4mole, 침출온도 $90^{\circ}C$, 침출시간 180분, 광액농도 400 g/L 이었다. 이 조건에서 백금, 필라듐 그리고 로듐의 추출은 각각 96.1%, 93.6%, 77.3%이었다. 백금족 금속의 28당량인 2.0g의 알루미늄을 첨가하였을 때 백금, 필라듐 그리고 로듐은 각각 98%, 98.8% 그리고 65.3%가 환원되었다. The extraction of platinum group metals such as Pt, Pd and Rh from spent automobile catalyst has been investigated by leaching in HCl solutions using $HNO_3$ or NaOCl as a oxidant. The effect of type and amount of oxidant, reaction time and pulp density on the extraction of platinum group metals was examined. Platinum group metals were recovered by the cementation method using aluminum as a reducing agent. The extraction ratio was higher when NaOCl was used as a oxidant. The optimum leaching conditions were obtained to be: HCl 8 M, the amount of NaOCl 1.4 mole, leaching temperature $90^{\circ}C$, leaching time 180 minutes, pulp density 400g/L. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction of Pt, Pd and Rh were 96.1%, 93.6% and 77.3%, respectively. With the addition of 2.0g of aluminum which corresponds to 28 equivalent the reduction were 98% for Pt. 98.8% for Pd and 65.3% for Rh, respectively.

Cyanex 272를 함유한 실관 지지액막에 의한 코발트의 이동 연구

정진기 ( Jin Ki Jeong ),이재천 ( Jae Chun Lee ),김치권 ( Chi Kwon Kim ),( Basudev Swain ) 한국공업화학회 2007 응용화학 Vol.11 No.1

사무소건물에서의 CO2농도에 의한 DCV제어의 적용 가능성에 관한 연구

김치권,최병준,김용식 대한건축학회 1999 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.19 No.1

Recently, IAQ Problem is occured by the reduction of ventilation rate and the production of airtight building. To solve this problem, the DCV by the CO₂ concentration can be proposed. Consequently, the aim of this study is to examine DCV application in office building. On this model building, the regression equation. Qr=-104.631+0.090×Co+0.039×Ci, can use to calculate the proper outdoor air quantity. Compared with the HVAC system of no DCV application, the system of DCV application keep the proper CO₂ concentration during cooling and heating, decrease about 6.4% of cooling load during cooling, improve IAQ during heating.

리튬이온전지용 양극활물질 폐기물로부터 침출 및 용매추출에 의한 코발트의 분리

정진기,이재천,김민석,김치권 한국공업화학회 2005 응용화학 Vol.9 No.1

LiCoO₂ that is used as an cathode active material of lithium ion batteries has been generated as a waste for manufacturing the batteries. As a method for recycling the waste, solvent extraction was carried out to separate cobalt from the leaching solution of the waste. Many researchs were conducted for recovering Li and Co from waste lithium ion batteries. However, little were reported for recovering Li and Co from wastes generated for manufacturing the lithium ion batteries. In the study, the experiments of leaching and solvent extraction were conducted to recover Li and Co from the waste. The effects of operational variables on the concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, agitation rate, the addition amount of H₂O₂, and pulp density were investigated. The leaching rate of Li was larger than that of Co under the experimental conditions, and the leaching rate of Li and Co was increased with increasing the concentration of sulfuric acid, temperature, agitation rate, and the addition amount of H₂O₂. There are also differences between the leaching results of wastes generated for manufacturing the lithium ion batteries and that of waste lithium ion batteries. Solvent extraction was carried out using Na-CYANEX 272, and cobalt was separated from the leaching solution of the waste.

질산용액 중에서 As (3) 의 산화반응에 관한 연구

박경호,이효숙,홍성웅,김치권 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1990 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.28 No.10

The effects of various factors on the oxidation reactions of As(Ⅲ) in HNO₃, solution were investigated. The oxidation rate of As(Ⅲ) was increased with the addition of HCl as a catalyst and also with the formation of NO₂ gas, while it was decreased with the addition of O₂ due to the expulsion of NO₂ gas dissolved in the solution. The oxidation rate of As(Ⅲ) in HNO₃ solution could be expressed as the following equation at 7N HNO₃ and 75℃ : - d〔As(Ⅲ)〕/dt=K〔HCI〕 {0.0277+0.0116 〔As(Ⅲ)_o-As(Ⅲ)〕^(0.5)} 〔As(Ⅲ)〕^(0.5).