부산취수장 인근 공단 설치가 낙동강 취수원 수질에 미치는 영향

김좌관 ( Jwa Kwan Kim ) 한국수처리학회 2009 한국수처리학회지 Vol.17 No.4

생태 모델링기법으로서 동적구조모형의 고찰

김좌관 ( Jwa Kwan Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2004 환경영향평가 Vol.13 No.4

진해만 하천에서 다환방향족탄화수소 유입부하량과 오염특성

유영석,김좌관,조현서,You, Young-Seok,Kim, Jwa-Kwan,Cho, Hyeon-Seo 해양환경안전학회 2009 해양환경안전학회지 Vol.15 No.4

PAHs(다환방향족탄화수소) 화합물은 해양환경으로 다양한 경로를 통해 유입되며, 연안역과 하구역에 있어서는 도시화와 산업활동 중 연소에 의하여 발생되어 주로 대기와 하천을 통하여 유입된다. 유입된 PAHs 화합물은 잠재적으로 해양 수서환경 생물에 대해서 발암 및 돌연변이를 일으키고 있다. 따라서 PAHs 화합물의 오염이 예상되는 진해만에 유입되는 주요하천에서 PAHs 화합물의 분포특성과 유입부하량을 조사하여 PAHs 화합물의 오염특성을 파악하였다. 진해만으로 유입되는 주요 하천수 및 하수처리수에서 용존 Total PAHs 화합물의 농도범위와 평균값은 9.79~128.25 (평균 36.94)ng/L를 나타내었으며, 부유입자물질 중 Total PAHs 화합물의 농도범위와 평균값은 1,814.34~8,893.37(평균 4,657.73)${\mu}g$/kg dry wt.로 나타났다. 용존 PAHs 화합물과 부유입자물질 중 PAHs 화합물 모두 유사하게 도시화와 산업화가 이루어진 마산시로부터 유입되는 삼호천에서 기장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 하천수 및 하수처리수에서 PAHs 화합물의 조성 형태는 용존 PAHs 화합물은 저분자량 PAHs 화합물이 대부분을 차지하고 있어 PAHs 화합물의 물리 화학적 성질에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 조사된 하천을 통해 진해만으로 유입되는 용존 Total PAHs 화합물의 유입부하량 범위는 0.06~12.05g/day, 평균 유입부하량은 1.86g/day 그리고 총 유입부하량은 14.85g/day로 산정되었다. 부유입자물질 중 Total PAHs 화합물의 유입부하량 범위는 0.12~16.00g/day, 평균 유입부하량은 평균 2.41g/day 그리고 총 유입부하량은 19.27 g/day로 산정되었다. 용존 PAHs 화합물과 부유입자물질 중 PAHs 화합물 모두 진해만으로 유입되는 유입부하량은 덕동하수처리장이 약 80% 이상으로 대부분을 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 타 연구들과 비교에서 진해만 주요 하천수와 하수처리수는 아직까지 낮은 농도를 나타내지만 진해만 연안에 PAHs 화합물의 오염발생원이 주변에 산재하고 있어 PAHs 화합물의 오염정도가 심화될 수도 있다. PAHs(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) compounds may enter into the marine environment in a number of ways, and PAHs in coastal area and estuary adjacent to urban area and industrial activities region are mainly introduced into marine environment via atmosphere or river. The field surveys to evaluate the pollution of PAHs in rivers of Jinhae bay were carried out in August, 2008. The water samples collected from seven main rivers and Deokdong WWTP(Waste water Treatment Plant) which lead to Jinhae bay. 16 PAHs which had been selected as priority pollutants by EPA were analyzed. The range and mean of dissolved Total PAHs concentrations in the rivers and Duckdong WWTP that lead to Jinhae bay were shown to be 9.79~128.25(mean 36.94)ng/L, while the range and mean of Total PAHs concentrations in SPM(Suspended Particulate Matter) were shown to be 1,81434~8,893.37(mean 4,657.73)${\mu}g$/kg dry wt. The dissolved Total PAHs and Total PAHs in SPM were shown to be high concentrations in the Semhocheon which leads to Masan bay that is the most polluted area of Jinhae bay, while those were shown to be low concentrations at rivers which lead to the west area of the bay. The ranges and means of the loading fluxes from rivers and Duckdong WWTP were calculated at 0.06~12.05(mean 1.86)g/day for dissolved Total PAHs and at 0.12~16.00(mean 2.41)g/day tor Total PAH in SPM. The loading flux of Total PAHs from Duckdong WWTP was shown to be the greatest, occupying more than 80% of Total loading flux from all rivers and WWTP to Jinhae bay. The composition patterns of PAHs compound by the number of benzene ring between dissolved PAHs and PAHs of SPM were different each other. Low molecuar weight PAHs of dissoloved compounds were in high concentration, while high molecular weight PAHs of SPM were in high concentration. These results were due to physical and chemical characteristics of PAHs and were similar to those of other studies. The total PAHs concentrations of dissolved and SPM in this study are lower than those of other studies. The extent of PAHs pollution appeared to be not serious in reverine waters of Jinhae bay.

포스터발표 : 수질관리 ; 생태모형을 이용한 갈수기 낙동강 하류에서의 미생물먹이환 시뮬레이션

서정관 ( Jung Kwan Seo ),김좌관 ( Jwa Kwan Kim ),이재정 ( Jae Jung Lee ),양상용 ( Sang Yong Yang ) 대한상하수도학회 2004 공동춘계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

생태모형을 이용한 갈수기 낙동강 하류에서의 미생물먹이환 시뮬레이션

서정관 ( Jung Kwan Seo ),김좌관 ( Jwa Kwan Kim ),이재정 ( Jae Jung Lee ),양상용 ( Sang Yong Yang ) 한국물환경학회 2004 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2004 No.-

울산광역시 삼산동 매립장 침출수 처리를 위한 AquaMats(R)상에서 미생물의 분리 및 동정

이준우 ( June Woo Lee ),김좌관 ( Jwa Kwan Kim ) 한국환경과학회 2006 한국환경과학회지 Vol.15 No.12

인공신경망을 이용한 도시하천의 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집 유형성 연구

곽인실 ( Inn Sil Kwak ),김좌관 ( Jwa Kwan Kim ),전태수 ( Tae Soo Chon ) 한국하천호수학회 2003 생태와 환경 Vol.36 No.1

Benthic macro-invertebrates were seasonally collected in the Onchen Stream in Pusan, from July 2001 to March 2002. Generally 4 phylum 5 class 10 order 19 family 23 species were observed in the study sites. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and various species appeared in headwater stream while Oligochaeta and Chironomidae were dominated in downstream sites. Community abundance patterns, especially the dominant taxa, Oligochaeta and Chironomidae, appeared to be different depending upon the sampling months. Oligocaheta was usually observed in July, December and March while Chironomidae was appeared in September. The biological indices, TBI (Trent Biotic Index), BS(Biotic Score), BMWP(Biological Monitoring Working Party) were calculated with the appeared communities of the sampling sites through the survey months. TBI showed 1 to 8, BMWP was 1 to 93 and CBI appeared 9 to 387 in the different sites. The biological indices decreased form headstream to downstream sites. We implemented the unsupervised Kohonen network for patterning of community abundance of the sampling sites. The patterning map by the Kohonen network was well represented community abundance of the sampling sites. Also, we conducted RTRN(Real Time Recurrent Neural Network) for predicting of the biological indices in the different sites. The results appeared that the predicting values by RTRN were well matched field data (correlation coefficient of TBI, BMWP and CBI wee 0.957, 0.979 and 0.967, respectively).

지방의제 21 추진과정에 대한 평가와 정책과제

문경주(Moon Kyung-Joo),강성철(Kang Sung-Chul),김좌관(Kim Jwa-Kwan) 경성대학교 사회과학연구소 2006 社會科學硏究 Vol.22 No.2

본 연구의 목적은 지방의제 21이 추진된 지 10년이 지닌 시점에서 부산지역의 지방의제 21의 추진과정에 대해 평가하고 지방의제 21의 활성화하기 위한 정책방안을 모색하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 평가내용을 요약하면 우선 지방의제 21 추진이 지방정부의 주도에 의한 지역사회의 다양한 이해관계자의 자발적 참여부족, 제도적, 재정적 지원이 부재하거나 미흡, 지방정부간의 수직적ㆍ수평적 협력체계의 미비 등이다. 그리고 이러한 평가를 토대로 하여 향후 지방의제 21 활성화하기 위한 정책과제에 대해서 요약하면 지방 의제 21 내용의 포괄성 강화, 지방의제 21 참여자의 다양화, 참여자간의 의견수렴을 통한 협력강화, 지방 의제 21 실천성 제고, 국내외 지방정부간의 네크워킹의 강화 지방의제 21 관련제도 마련과 재정확보이다. Local Agenda 21(LA21) represents a response by municipal governments to the agenda set out at the Rio Earth Summit. Individual LA 21s seek to construct a sustainability program for their area, aimed at integrating enviornmental, economic and social objectives, this paper examines critically achievement of the LA 21 process in Busan. Particular attention is given to policy development of the LA 21s in Busan. It shows that LA 21 systems in Busan remain narrowly defined, focusing on environmental issue, led by municipality not stakeholders participating in the LA21 process, the main constraints in Busan include the failure to install institutional devices with regard to LA 21 as well as inter-organizational networking between vertical and horizontal level. We stress that LA 21 systems in Busan move from agenda building to meaningful action by the policy development that this paper proposed.

落東江 下流部의 營養狀態 定에 관한 硏究

정장표,김좌관 慶星大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.10 No.2

Ⅰ. Introduction In Korea, recently, eutriphication has been gradually accelerated due to the duscharge of nutrients aby municipal sources, as well as agriculturalrun-off. The domestic studies on the model among trophic prediction methods are at the initial satte. This study is the results from the application oif the predict the trophic satte using Seven Empirical Models, TSI, the Theory of Eutrophication model, etc. Ⅱ. Methods to evaluate Eutorphication 1. Seven empirical phosphorous models These seven models assume that phosphorous is the limiting nutrient for primary production in the lake being analyzed. These aeven models are as follows. ????? 4. the uncertainty theory of model (1) error analysis using vollenweider's model (2) error analysis using phosphorous discharge coefficent Ⅲ. Application and Conclusion The trophic state of the Nakdong estuary reservoir has the following results. ????? Consequently, the Nakdong estuary reservoir is at the europhic state. Therefore to restore and maintain reservoir in a desired the total loads must be reduced. Reduction of phosphorous input can be the following measures. 1. Phosphorous removal from wastwater treatemnt plant effluents. 2. Construction of Jangrim treatment plant. 3. Predging of Sediments. 4. Hypolimnetic aeration and destratification.

농촌지역의 비점오염원 유출 특성에 관한 연구

정장표,차건봉,김좌관 慶星大學校 環境問題硏究所 1993 環境硏報 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study is to find out characteristics of nonpoint source-pollutant loads For this, in the aspect of water guality Change during storm days, the relationship between Stream flow and pollutant mass loads was studied. Also the contributions of loading rates from nonpoint sources were calculated. In this study, the drainage area of Sooyeong river, upstream of the Hoedong reservoir, was investigated. The reservoir used for drinking water source in Pusan, is located in a rural area and few point sources in its drainage area. The results of this study were as follows. Changes in water quality during rainfall showed that parameters such as COD, PO₄-P, T-P, NH₄-N concentration increased about two times, on the other hand, NO₂-N, NO₃-N concentration decreased to about two third of the concentrations in drying periods. The regression equations for stream flow versus pollutant loads were obtained as follows: COD : LOG(M)=-4.531+1.396×LOG(Q) r²=0.768 NH4-N : LOG(M)=-3.227+0.948×LOG(Q) r²=0.825 NO2-N : LOG(M)=-5.744+1.216×LOG(Q) r²=0.641 T-P : LOG(M)=-8.303+1.804×LOG(Q) r²=0.811 PO4-P : LOG(M)=-7.726+1.660×LOG(Q) r²=0.820 The rate of pollutant contributions from nonpoint sources was 80.4% for COD, 75.8% for NH₄-N, 53% for NO₂-N, 57.3% for NO₃-N. 85% for T-P, 89% for PO₄-P, and that of phosphorous pollutant was higher than that of inorganic pollutants. The loading rates of nonpoint pollutants were calculated as 3.76kg/ha/d(COD), 0.2kg/ha/day(NH₄-N), 0.076kg/ha/d(T-P), 0.037kg/ha/d(PO₄-P), respectively. Results above mentioned showed that the pollutant contributions from nonpoint sources were not negligible and the control and management of nonpoint source were urgently needed.