2차원 사각 밀폐 공간에서의 구분 종좌표법을 위한 하이브리드 공간 차분법

김일경,김우승,Kim, Il-Kyoung,Kim, Woo-Seung 대한기계학회 1999 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.23 No.1

A hybrid spatial differencing scheme for the discrete ordinates method is proposed to predict radiative heat transfer in two-dimensional rectangular enclosures. Since this scheme takes the advantages of the diamond scheme and step scheme and includes the characteristics of medium, more accurate and stable results can be obtained. In its development several spatial differencing schemes are examined to address the effect of numerical smearing (or false scattering). Predictions from the proposed hybrid scheme are compared to those of other schemes for transparent, purely absorbing, purely scattering, or absorbing-emitting-isotropically scattering media. It is found that the proposed scheme predicts stable and less smeared results than others.

경영자의 임기가 기업의 성과에 미치는 영향

김일경(Il Kyoung Kim),이호욱(Houk Lee) 한국전략경영학회 2013 전략경영연구 Vol.16 No.1

최고 경영자는 기업의 최종 전략적 의사결정자이며, 기업의 구조를 통해 성과에 중요한 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 연구는 최고 경영자의 인지적 패러다임과 환경과의 적합성이 성과에 미치는 영향에 주목하면서, 경영자의 임기와 성과와의 관계를 1997년부터 2008년까지 12개 산업에 걸친 한국 상장기업 자료를 대상으로 실증 분석하였다. 또한 본 연구는 최고 경영자의 임기와 성과 간의 관계를 조절하는 요소로 경영자 직무요구를 제시하고 이를 실증 분석하였다. 분석 결과 최고 경영자의 임기와 성과와의 관계는 역U자형으로 나타났다. 또한 해외시장 참여도가 최고 경영자의 임기와 성과와의 관계를 강화하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이사회 내 사외 이사의 비율이 최고 경영자의 임기와 성과와의 관계를 강화시키는 것으로 나타났다. CEOs are final and strategic decision-makers, and their fitness to the environments has a significant influence over corporate performance through a decision-making process. This paper focuses on the impact of CEO’s fitness to the environments on performance with an empirical analysis of the relationship between CEO tenure and firm performance, based on the data from Korea’s listed companies in 12 industries for the period of 1997-2008. In addition, this paper suggests hypotheses that the relationship between CEO tenure and corporate performance be positively moderated by executive job demands. This results of this study support the hypotheses that the relationship of CEO tenure and firm’s performance is inverted U-sahped, and international involvement and the ratio of independent directors positively moderate the relationship between CEO tenure and firm performance.

전문가 리뷰가 인터넷 사용자 리뷰와 박스 오피스(Box Office)에 미치는 영향

김일경(Il Kyoung Kim),전경미(Kyung Mi Chun),이호욱(Houk Lee) 한국인사조직학회 2012 인사조직연구 Vol.20 No.3

소비자는 제품의 실제 가치를 사전에 파악하기 어려우므로 제품의 구매를 위해 시장에서 이미 형성된 제품의 평판을 참조하게 된다. 기존 연구에 따르면 전문 평론가가 대중 매체를 통해 평판의 형성에 상당한 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 왔으나, 최근 인터넷의 발달과 함께 온라인 사용자 리뷰의 영향력에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 본 논문은 제품에 대한 품질 정보가 희소하고 불확실한 상황에서 생산자로부터 독립적으로 정보를 제공하는 평론가의 역할에 주목하면서, 공식적 정보 제공자인 전문 평론가 외에 비공식적 정보 제공자로서 온라인 사용자 리뷰가 시장에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 2006년에서 2008년까지 미국에서 개봉된 영화 전체를 대상으로 분석한 결과 전문 평론가와 온라인 사용자 리뷰가 모두 시장 수요에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 드러났다. 또한 전문가 리뷰가 온라인 사용자 리뷰에 긍정적인 영향을 미침으로써 통계적으로 온라인 리뷰가 전문 평론가 리뷰와 시장 수요를 부분 매개하는 효과를 가지는 것으로 나타 났다. 또한 블록버스터의 경우 온라인 사용자의 평론 점수가 수요에 긍정적인 효과를 미치는 반면 전문 평론가의 평론 점수는 부정적인 효과를 미치는 것으로 나타나, 영화의 종류나 특성에 따라 평론가의 효과가 다르게 나타난다는 기존 연구를 지지하고 있다. 이는 제품에 대한 불확실성이 높을수록 기업은 시장에서 전문 평론가 및 온라인 사용자들이 제공하는 정보에 주의를 기울여야 하며, 이러한 효과는 제품의 특성에 따라 다르게 나타날 수 있다는 것을 의미한다. It is difficult for potential consumers to know the real quality of products before they experience them, especially with so-called experience goods. Therefore, to gauge the quality of experience goods, consumers refer to the reputation of the products in the market. Prior studies suggest that reviews by professional critics published in the mass media have a substantial effect on a good’s reputation in the market. Recently, however, online user reviews have received considerable attention as another means that may influence the reputation of a product. In this paper, we focus on the role of professional critics and their effect on online users and ultimately box office. We argue that in situations of high uncertainty and incomplete information, reviews by public online users provide valuable information regarding the quality of the products. Additionally, we tested the effect of mediation of online user reviews between professional critics’ reviews and box office on a sample of U.S. box office movies from 2006 to 2008. The empirical results support our hypotheses that the reviews of professional critics have positive effects on both online users and box. In addition, the empirical results suggest that the reviews of online users partially mediate the relationship between the professional critics' reviews and box office. The results of this paper suggest several implications for academics and practitioners. First, the finding that in addition to professional critics’ reviews, non-professional online user reviews influence box office implies the potential role of online users as information providers and controllers. Zuckerman (1993) suggested that professional critics act as information controllers and providers. Our study advances Zuckerman’s (1993) study by suggesting and providing empirical evidence regarding online users’ potential role as information controllers and information providers. Second, in order for managers to make good decisions in light of incomplete and uncertain information, our study suggests that it would be useful if managers examined not only professional critics’ reviews but also online user reviews because the latter can have significant ramifications on consumer’s perception of experience goods. Furthermore, the results of this study imply that it is necessary for producers to give careful attention to the reviews of critics where the uncertainty of products is high, and the opinions of professional critics are more important than generally expected if they intend to introduce a new product to the market. Despite such academic contributions and practical implications, this study has several limitations. First, this study examined opening movies in the U.S. for the years 2006 to 2008. However, we eliminated from our sample those movies for which we could not obtain complete information. Accordingly, care must be taken in interpreting our results. Second, we measured star power by examining the Academy award winners and nominees for the prior three years in our study. Although this measure has been frequently suggested as a good indicator of star power, we do realize that star power and box office success are not the same. This might be one reason that we did not find any significant results for our measure of star power. We suggest more refined measures of star power in future research. Finally, we used the number of reviews to measure the influence of online users and professional critics, controlling the score of their reviews. Future scholars need to incorporate multiple measures in their research. These limitations notwithstanding, our study provides valuable empirical evidence regarding the role of online user reviews with regard to the relationship between professional critics and box office. We believe that examining these relationships is a good start in explaining box office and revenue of innovative goods in the market.

연구논문 : 경영혁신에 관한 제도적 압력이 혁신 성과에 미치는 영향

김일경 ( Il Kyoung Kim ),장용석 ( Yong Suk Jang ) 한국인적자원관리학회 2010 인적자원관리연구 Vol.17 No.2

평론가가 박스 오피스(box office)에 미치는 영향에 관한 통합적 접근

이호욱(Ho Uk Lee),김일경(Il Kyoung Kim),전경미(Kyung Mi Chun) 한국경영학회 2010 經營學硏究 Vol.39 No.4

Uncertainty in the marketplace is one of the most prevalent phenomena in recent years. Different from perfect market assumption, the information of a specific product and its quality is scarce and rare in the actual market. Consumers generally have bounded time, bounded attention, and bounded resources and capabilities to search and gather full information, even if it is available. In essence they have difficulties in evaluating what they find because they are relatively short of expertise and generally have matters of trust and skepticism about what firms offer. Trying to avoid possible loss and failure after entering into a transaction due to a lack of quality information, consumers look for other sources of information aside from product producers: independent information providers, or, critics. Critics can be defined as actors who are independent of producers, but have enough expertise to evaluate product quality rather than general consumers, and can transmit the information to the rest of audience to exert influence in the selection process. Researchers have been interested in the role and impact of critics in various industries where has been known of high uncertainty and ambiguity. Our study is designed to provide an explanation for the gap of prior research on the association between the behavior of critics and consumers in the actual market. Building on signalling theory and evidence in the literatures on organization and marketing, we consider the concept of multiple critics and the relative impacts of them to general consumers. Additionally, we explore the interaction effects of budget and star power in the film industry. Our sample of 744 films in the U.S. film industry for the period of 2006 to 2008 provides evidence that multiple critics have different effects on the receptivity of consumers by types. The hypotheses on budget and star power are partially supported.

기업의 조직문화와 기업의 규모에 따른 ERP 시스템 도입의 성공요인 분석

정창욱(Chang Wook Jung),김일경(Il kyoung Kim) 한국IT서비스학회 2007 한국IT서비스학회지 Vol.6 No.2

  The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the success factors of ERP system in corporations and to know what is different in the factors depending on organizational culture and size. Considering there are various results from introduction of the same information technology(IT), it is implied that organizational characteristics make a difference. In this thesis we did factor analysis and multiple regression about the factors based on the previous studies and analyzed the priorities depending on organizational culture and size. The results show that mechanistic organization has key success factors of work process change, project team abilities, and determination of CEO while organic organization has those of work process change and project team abilities. Plus bigger sized organization has success factors of work process change, project team abilities, and determination of CEO while small sized organization has those of work process change and project team abilities.

경쟁유형이 영화 산업 흥행에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

전경미(Kyung Mi Chun),김일경(Il Kyoung Kim),이호욱(Ho Uk Lee) 연세대학교 경영연구소 2013 연세경영연구 Vol.50 No.1

본 연구는 전략 분야의 대표적 경쟁 이론들을 적용하여, 지금까지 단순히 흥행 성과에 영향을 미치는 변수로만 알려져왔던 다양한 변인들을 새롭게 조망해보고 경쟁의 관점에서 재해석을 시도해보고자 한다. 이를 위하여, 전략 분야의 경쟁과 관련된 이론적 배경을 살펴보고, 영화 산업에 적용하여 이러한 경쟁의 관점에서 해롭게 해석된 변수들의 영향력을 영화산업을 대상으로 종합적으로 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 산업구조론적 관점, Chamberlian 관점, 그리고 Schumpeterian 관점에서 영화 산업을 둘러싼 경쟁 환경을 규정하였으며, 경쟁 우위를 획득하고 성과를 달성할 수 있는 요인이 무엇인가를 실증적으로 밝혀내었다. 실증 연구 결과 영화 산업의 경우 세 가지 경쟁 유형들 중 산업구조론적 관점에서 제안하고 있는 경쟁 우위를 달성하기 위한 전략적 대안이 가장 효과적으로 영화 흥행 성과에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 전략 분야의 주요 관심사인 ‘경쟁’의 관점에서 이를 이론적으로 해석하고 세 가지 경쟁 유형의 관점에서 영화 산업을 둘러싼 요인들을 구조화하였으며, 이러한 이론적 틀 안에서 경쟁 우위를 달성하기 위한 전략적 대안의 효과를 실증적인 분석을 통해 입증하였다는 점에서 큰 의의를 갖는 연구라 하겠다. This study applies main competitive theories in strategic management to reexamine and reinterpret various factors that have been considered to influence box office performance variables. For this research purpose, we theoretically reviewed competition in strategic management and applied those theories to the film industry for empirical investigation. Our final sample consists of 244 US box office films in the years 2006 and 2007. This study defines competitive environment in movie industry following three types perspectives-Industrial Organizational perspective, Chamberlian perspective, and Schumpeterian perspective. Through empirical test, it has been proved how to secure competitive advantages and achieve performance. In the film industry, strategic alternative from the IO perspective has been proved for main effect on box office. Theoretical reinterpretation of °Æcompetition °Ø and structurization of three competition types are main contributions of this study, and empirical validation to prove strategic alternatives and their impact on competitive advantage. The study is organized as follows. First, we draw hypotheses based on theoretical background. In the following section we describe our methods and measures. In the next section we present our results, and finally conclude by discussing findings, their implications and limitations.

CEO보상 격차가 기업의 혁신에 미치는 영향

이호욱(Ho Uk Lee),박종훈(Jong Hun Park),김일경(Il Kyoung Kim) 한국경영학회 2011 經營學硏究 Vol.40 No.4

Executive compensation has long been a focus of organizational research. This body of work has enhanced our understanding of how top executive compensation impacts various organizational outcomes. However, there are two major gaps in the executive compensation literature. First, this body of research has focused predominately on CEO compensation as opposed to the compensation of the top management team. This is understandable since the CEO is arguably the single most influential as well as the most dominant person in an organization. However, many have argued that our understanding of how strategic leadership influences organizational outcomes can be enhanced by looking at the top management team (TMT) as a whole. Yet, with a few exceptions research examining TMT compensation has been lacking. In this study we examine the compensation gap of the CEO and TMT (CEO paygap) and its impact on firm innovation. In this way, the current study makes an important contribution to the literature by going beyond CEO compensation and considering the compensation of the entire TMT. The degree of participation in mutual and overall interaction by top managers can be facilitated or inhibited by the social context that the TMT faces. And, the degree of participation of TMT in interacting with one another differs according to compensation gap of the TMT members. In our study, the concept of ``TMT co-location`` is considered to be an important factor that influences the degree of participation in the interaction by TMT members. This is because compared to TMT members working in distant locations, communication and exchange of information can be done more actively when working in the same location. It is implied in the upper-echelons literature that the link between TMT compensation and firm innovation should be more pronounced when there is behavioral integration of the TMT. When the TMT has behavioral integration, the negative effect of CEO paygap on firm innovation should be attenuated because behavioral integration leads to more cooperative behaviors. Yet, no prior study has explored the moderating effects of TMT behavioral integration for the relationship between CEO paygap and firm innovation. Based on a data of 73 firms from 14 industries in the U.S. from 1992 to 1995, our empirical results show that CEO paygap has a negative influence on firm innovation. Additionally, co-location of the TMT moderates the negative relationship between CEO paygap and firm innovation. Innovation is important for firms because it is at the heart of many firms` core competencies, allows firms to respond rapidly to market and technological changes, and provides opportunities to achieve competitive advantage. Despite its importance, managers are reluctant to make the necessary investments for innovation due to the high uncertainty and low success rate often associated with innovation investments. To overcome this situation, the incentive structure for managers should be designed to induce changes in managers` choice for higher risk taking and more capital investment in favor of innovation. This study makes an important contribution to the academia and industry in that it allows an in-depth understanding of the types of influence certain elements have on firm innovation by considering both the content (TMT paygap) and context (TMT co-location) of the TMT and its impact on firm innovation.