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이념을 위한 공공미술에서 공존을 위한 공공미술로 -한국 공공미술의 패러다임 변화-
김이순 ( Yi Soon Kim ),문혜영 ( Hye Young Moon ) 한국영상미디어협회 2014 예술과 미디어 Vol.13 No.1
본 논문은 지난 100여 년 동안 한국에서 전개된 공공미술을 세 유형으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 첫 번째 유형은 동상이나 모뉴멘트이다. 한국에는 1910년 즈음에 특정 인물을 기념하기 위해 인물의 초상을 동상으로 만들어 공적 공간에 세우는 개념이 일본을 통해 유입되었으며 1920년대에는 동상들이 공적 공간에 건립되기 시작했다. 근대기에는 대개 학교 설립자들의 동상이 학교 교내에 세워졌다. 해방 이후, 특히 한국전쟁 이후에는 애국선열들의 동상이 건립되었고 주로 전쟁 영웅들과 충혼탑들이 대대적으로 건립되었다. 전쟁 직후이면서 국가 정체성 확립기와 맞물리면서 전국에 기념조형물들이 권위적이고 계몽적인 형상으로 세워졌다. 두번째 유형은 환경조형물로, 1980년대에 ``건축물미술장식`` 제도가 법으로 도입되며 도시에 환경조형물들이 대거 등장하게 되었는데, 1986년과 88올림픽을 앞두고 도시를 아름답게 꾸미고 미술가들을 경제적으로 지원하고 창작의 기회를 제공하려는 데 목적이 있었다. 그러나 현재 환경조형물들은 주변 환경과의 컨텍스트 부재, 공공성의 실종, 건축주의 터무니없는 리베이트 관행 등으로 적잖은 문제점을 안고 있다. 건축주가 단순히 건축의 준공검사를 받기 위한 통과의례로서 작품을 설치하는 것이 아니라 진정으로 자신의 건축과 주변 환경에 어울리는 작품을 설치하고 작품을 보존 관리하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하다. 세 번째 유형으로는 공동체 기반의 공공미술로, ``환경조형물``이 갖고 있는 폐단을 극복하기 위해 진보적인 평론가들이 제시한 공공미술이다. 이는 수잔 레이시의 "New Genre Public Art"의 담론을 토대로, 오브제 중심의 미술품보다는 시민참여와 소통을 중심으로 한 공공미술이다. 아이러니컬하게도 이 유형은 시민이 ``공공미술``로 받아들이기 어려워하고 있다. 대표적 사례인 <안양공공예술프로젝트>의 경우, 170-80억의 기금이 소요되었지만 안양시민들의 참여는 매우 저조할 뿐만 아니라 이 프로젝트의 결과물을 유지하기 위해 너무 많은 비용이 들어가고 있다. 이 세 유형 중 어느 하나를 다른 것 보다 더 우월하고 가치 있거나 발전된 것으로 평가 내릴 수는 없다. 미술, 특히 일반 대중의 정서에 개입하는 공공미술은 각 시대마다의 사회적 산물로서 역사적 가치가 크기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 한국에 공공미술이 도입된 이후 전개되었던 공공미술 패러다임의 변화와 함께 다양한 유형의 공공미술의 장점과 한계를 고찰함으로써 보다 의미 있는 공공미술을 구현하기 위한 토대를 마련하는 데 목적이 있다. This paper examined public art that was developed in Korea for the past 100 years into three types of category. The first category is a bronze statue and a monument. An idea of transforming the portrait to a bronze statue and constructing it in a public space to commemorate a specific person has brought into Korea in the 1910s; therefore, bronze statues started to erect in the 1920s. After the Korean War, bronze statues of the deceased patriots, mostly the monuments for the war heroes were extensively erected. The second category is an environmental sculpture as ``The Art Work Policy for Buildings`` was introduced by law, environmental sculptures greatly appeared in the city. However, current environmental sculptures have more than a few numbers of drawback such as absence in the context, disappearance of the public, and an exorbitant rebate practice of the building owner. The third category is a public art based on the community; this is a public art in which liberal critics have proposed to overcome the indictment that environmental sculptures possess. This is a public art focusing communication and participation of the citizens, ironically citizens are having difficulty accepting this category as a ``public art.`` Of the three categories above, no assessment can be made that one is more superior, valued, or developed than the other. A purpose of this study is to offer a foundation for materializing a meaningful public art, by examining pros and cons of various categories as well as paradigm shift in public art that was developed after it was introduced in Korea.
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김이순(Kim Yi-soon) 한국근현대미술사학회 2014 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.28 No.-
This study focuses on the Koreanness represented in Ha In-doo’s work in the 1970-80s. In Korean modern art history, Ha was frequently mentioned only in the Informel Art which was specified through the Modern Art Association, but the research on his activity in the 1970-80s was never focused thoroughly. This is because Korean art in the 1970-80s was concentrated on monochrome painting and Minjung Art, and artists whom created abstract art with vibrant colors like Ha were extricated from the historical context. This study examines the Koreanness which Ha had explored in the 1970-80s. Korean modern artists in the 1970-80s were deeply interested in the ‘Koreanness’ or ‘something Korean.’ Korea politically brainwashed people with nationalism after liberation, therefore a notion of nationalism was shaped in the artists’ consciousness, and creating Korean art through succeeding tradition to modern was spreading fast. As Ha too was one of those artists who grew up from this social atmosphere, he tried to inherit a tradition to represent the Koreanness in his work as well as other artists of the same generation. However, while artists like Park Seo-bo, Youn Myeung-ro, Jeong Chang-seop, Chung Sang-hwa, and many others achieved Korean monochrome abstract painting, Ha sought for vibrant colors of abstract art. Unlike monochrome painters those whom concentrated on speculative scenes with ascetic tone of colors, Ha created dynamic pictures with vibrant colors like Obangsaek. Although, it is hard to assure if Ha tried to find a different way from monochrome painting on purpose or not, it could be understood that his achievement is from working in Europe while other artists of the same generation were only accomplishing their positions in Japan. As a consequence, seeking the Koreanness in the 1970-80s was not because Ha was fallen for the nation-ideology, but rather he believed that possessing originality beyond the western formative language is a key to become an international artist. Ha found its originality in Buddhism ; it is actually more related to that of oriental than that of something Korean, but Ha never considered deeply about this matter because he was more focused on working internationally and gaining internationality as he had several solo exhibitions in Europe. Koreans have believed in Buddhism for a long time and it has always existed in our lives that Ha probably was conscious of Buddhism as just one of our traditions. However, he never limited his work in the matter of the Koreanness one to two years before his death from cancer. Rather, his later works gained a transcendent internationality beyond the Koreanness as he had given his competence through his countless studies, explorations, and observations.
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기공(氣功) 운동이 유방암 절제술 여성의 면역, 맥상파 및 심박변이에 미치는 영향
김이순 ( Yi Soon Kim ),이정원 ( Jeong Won Lee ),김윤희 ( Yun Hee Kim ),오미정 ( Oh Mi Jung ),김경철 ( Gyeong Cheol Kim ) 대한한의진단학회 2015 大韓韓醫診斷學會誌 Vol.19 No.2
Objectives The purposes of this study was to develope a Qi gong exercise that suits characteristics of post mastectomy women, and to evaluate the effect of Qi gong exercise on immune response, blood circulation index, pulse wave parameter and heart rate variability. Methods This study was applied to total 35 post mastectomy women, including 17 for experiment group and 18 for control group. The Qi gong exercise was composed of total 24 times of 90 minutes per each time, twice a week, and 12 weeks and it was conducted by the oriental medicine professor who was an expert of Qi gong exercise. Results 1. Two group comparison revealed that the experimental group had significantly improved immune response(p<.021), HR(beats/min)(p<.001), ESV(ml/beat)(p=.038), ESI(ml/beat/m<sup>2</sup>)(p=.040), ECO (L/min)(p=.019), ECI(L/min/m<sup>2</sup>)(p=.023), ECRI(dyne*sec/cm)(p=.015), Left Kwan(div<sup>3</sup>)(p=.021), Right Kwan(div<sup>3</sup>)(p=.038), Mean HRV(cycle/min)(p<.001), SDNN(ms)(p=.043), RMSSD(ms)(p=.040), and TP(log ms2)(p=.039). 2. Two group comparison revealed that the experimental group had significantly decreased ECR (dyne*sec*cm<sup>-5</sup>) (p=.034), Left RAI(p=.044), Right RAI(p=.042), and pNN50(%)(p=.038). Conclusions These results from Qi gong exercise program can be used as basic data for development of health promotion program for Post Mastectomy Women.
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