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Mossbauer 분광법에 의한 옹기토 내의 철원자가 상태 연구
김의석 동국대학교 교육대학원 2004 국내석사
Because all clay contains iron ion, specific property of pottery and porcelain are decided by valence state of iron ion. Pottery is burned at oxidizing atmosphere. Therefore pottery is soft and has seen red like rusted iron. Due to firing in reducing atmosphere, porcelain is hard and has seen white or blue. The atomic valence states of iron in pottery samples which are from Angang at GyeongJu-city in GyeongSangBuk-Do, were studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy. The reference sample for velocity calibration is sodium nitroprusside and Mossbauer spectrometer is Austin Co., S-600 model. Mo¨ssbauer spectra for pottery were showed the superposition of two doublets at the room temperature. From this data, we evaluated spin and valence-states of iron in samples. It is found that both of Fe^(2+)ion and Fe^(3+)ion existed simultaneously. Also we are able to observe that the absorption area of Fe^(3+) state was larger than Fe^(2+) state as firing temperatures.
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금리선물시장의 효율성에 관한 연구 : 한국의 국채선물을 중심으로
김의석 연세대학교 경제대학원 2001 국내석사
국채선물시장은 한국에서 1999년 9월에 처음으로 도입되었다. 국채선물시장이 성공적으로 정착될 수 있을 것인가에 대한 많은 우려가 있었다. 왜냐하면 일일 거래량이 초기단계에는 1000계약 미만이었기 때문이다. 그러나 2001년 2월에는 거래량이 50,000계약을 돌파하여 거래대금 규모면에서 보면 53,309억원으로 급격한 성장을 이루었다. 이 논문은 국채선물시장의 효율성 분석 및 우리나라 국채선물시장과 현물시장의 관계를 알아보고 이에 따른 차익거래의 존재여부를 검증하였다 실험적인 분석에 의한 결과 한국에서의 국채선물시장은 효율적이지 않은 것으로 증명되고 있다. 그 실험적 결과는 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 분석기간 동안 국채선물가격은 이론가격과는 상당한 괴리를 보여왔고 오랫동안 선물가격이 이론가격에 비하여 저평가되어 있었다. 그 원인은 국채선물시장이 1999년 9월 상장한 이후로 거래량이 급증하였음에도 불구하고 거래의 요인이 헤지거래보다는 투기적거래가 많은 부분을 차지하였고, 이에 따라 금리하락을 예상한 시장참가자들의 심리적 요인이 선물가격 형성에 많은 영향을 주었기 때문이다. 이러한 투기거래로 인해 국채선물시장에는 국채현물과 연계한 상당히 많은 차익거래기회가 있었다. 특히 분석기간 동안의 결과는 매도차익거래기회가 많이 나타났는데, 이는 금리하락기대와 이 차익거래를 활용 가능하게 하는 채권대차제도가 아직 활성화되지 않았기 때문이다. 또한 매수차익거래의 기회면에서는 국채의 물량부족과 이에 따른 국채의 일부 소수에게로 집중현상으로 인해 현물시장의 유동성을 떨어뜨리고 일부에게만 차익거래기회를 제공했다. 또한 Repo 시장의 미숙에 따라 조달 금리리스크 헤지가 어려운 점과 아직은 국채선물시장이 초기단계로 참여자들의 인식이 부족한 점등이 이러한 차익거래기회 제공의 요인으로서 작용했을 것이다. 일부의 금융기관에서는 리스크 관리차원으로 현물의 헤지용으로 사용되는 선물의 매도거래만 가능하고 매수는 환매수시에만 가능하도록 하는 규정을 두고 있다. 이러한 수급 불균형도 가격의 왜곡을 초래하는 이유 중의 하나일 것이라고 생각한다. 결론적으로 한국의 국채선물시장은 효율적이라고 판단되지 않는다. 첫번째 이유로는 선물가격의 저평가현상이 장기간동안 과다하게 발생하였다. 둘째로는 선물거래의 장애요건(채권대차제도의 비활성화, 국채현물의 유동성저하, Repo시장의 미숙으로 인해 자금조달의 어려움)등이 존재한다. 그리고 일부의 금융기관에서는 리스크관리차원에서 현물의 헤지용으로만 선물거래가 가능하도록 제한하고 있다. 이러한 제도적 미비점이 보완된다면 한국의 국채선물시장이 더 효율성을 높이는데 도움이 될 것이다. Government Bond Futures was first introduced to the Korean Futures market on September 1999. There were deep concerns regarding whether the Government Bond Futures market can successfully launched. This concern was rooted from its low daily trading volume that failed to reach 1,000 contracts. But oblivious to the prevalent concern, the daily trading volume gradually increased to reach 50,000 contract s by February of 2001, and total volume of capital trans actions also reached 5,330,900 million won. The primary objective of this thesis is to examine 'the Efficiency of the Government Bond Futures Market.' Furthermore, it investigated the possible relations between Government Futures market and Spot Market to verify the potential existence of arbitrage opportunities between them. According to findings of this study, the Government Bond Market in Korea is proved to be inefficient. The result of this study can be summarized as followed: Throughout the period that was analyzed, the price of Government Bond Futures and their theoretical prices exhibited considerable differences. The actual trading price of Government Bond Futures was undervalued than the theoretical price. The reason is, although the trading volume has been rapidly increased since the introduction of Government Bond Futures in September of 1999, that the major portion of the transactions had been covered with speculative transactions rather than with hedge transactions. As a result, the price of futures was significantly influenced by psychological factor s of investor s who anticipated the dropping of the interest rate. Due to the speculative transactions, there were many arbitrage opportunities with Government Bond Futures. Especially, during the periods of this analysis, the result indicated a great number of selling-arbitr age opportunities. Two major factors that contributed in the creation of these arbitr age opportunities are the anticipation of interest rate drop, and inactive bond lending and borrowing which enables traders to exploit these arbitrage opportunities. Another phenomenon was that government bonds were managed by a small group of people. This caused the dropping of the liquidity in spot market, and offered the arbitrage opportunities to the minority who has the access to the bonds. Furthermore, owing to the immaturity of Repo market, the difficulty of the hedge of the fund-raising interest risk occurred. Furthermore, the lack of under standing of Government Bond Futures market by participant s also facilitated occurrence of arbitrage opportunities. For the purpose of risk management, some financial institutions only allow selling transaction of the futures to hedge spot positions, and restricted buying - transactions to only in case of repurchasing. This imbalance of supply and demand also caused arbitrage opportunities. In conclusion, Korean Government Bond Futures market is not efficient. First, the period of under-valuation of the Government Bond Futures occurred excessively for a long time. The second reason is that the obstructive conditions of the futures transactions (inactivation of the bond lending and borrowing system, a dropping of the liquidity of the Government Bond Futures, the difficulty of a fund-raising due to the immaturity of Repo Market) exist. And for the purpose of risk management, some financial institutions only allow futures transactions to perform hedging of the spot positions. If these weaknesses in the system can be improved, the Korean Government Futures Market can be more efficient.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze and present the learning activities according to the phase-level focusing on communication 4 skills in English curriculum. Based on the necessity and purpose in this study, the concrete problems are as follows; First, how is the system of English curriculum organized? That is, what systems are the learning activities according to the phase composed, what systems are the learning activities according to the level composed? Second, how is the learning activities according to the phase of communication 4 skills in English organized? That is, what systems are the basic learning activities of communication according to the phase composed, what systems are the advanced learning activities of communication according to the phase composed? The methods used in this study were the documents method and the analysis method of relative data. The main materials used in this study were 『The curriculum of elementary and middle school』,『The explanations of elementary and middle school curriculum』, Teacher's guidance』, English textbooks which were published by the notification's number 1997-15 of the Ministry of Education. The procedures used in this study were based on the contents system of English subjects. That is, they were proceeded in the order of the system analysis of English listening activities, the system analysis of English speaking activities, the system analysis of English reading activities, and the system analysis of English writing activities. The analysis of learning contents according to the phase was focused from English subjects contents of 7-a level to the learning activities of 10-b level. The analysis of learning contents according to the level was divided into a basic course and an advanced course. The analyzed learning activities were reclassified and the educational meanings were given to them. The analysis results of this study were summarized as follows; The learning materials in English subjects must be selected to be able to provide learning will, learn English naturally, and include educational meanings in consideration of students' interest, necessity, intellectual level, etc. The basic listening materials were focused on speeches or dialogues related to daily life, familiar speeches or dialogues related to general subject or topic, speeches or dialogues related to general subject or topic, less familiar speeches or dialogues related to a general subject or topic according to student's level. The applied listening materials were extended from easy actual information and explanation to brief, clear announcement. The listening activities were extended from basic listening activities such as understanding summary, main idea to applied listening activities such as performing tasks, summing up the contents. The basic reading materials were focused on writings related to daily life, familiar writings related to a general subject, writings related to a general subject, less familiar writings related to a general subject according to student's level. The applied reading materials were extended from a short writing or two short writings to a usage and a caution about living supplies, food, medicine. The reading activities were extended from basic reading activities such as understanding summary, main idea to applied reading activities such as predicting a conclusion, understanding an implicit meaning, reading while correcting errors. The basic speaking materials were focused on speeches or dialogues related to daily life, familiar speeches or dialogues related to general subject or topic, speeches, dialogues or chart related to a general subject or topic according to student's level. The applied speaking materials were extended from short dialogues or stories to incomplete sentences The speaking activities were extended from basic speaking activities such as speaking summary, main idea to applied listening activities such as speaking in comparison, addressing in short. The basic writing materials were focused on pictures, charts or the real things related to daily life, writings related to general subject, brief writings or opinions related to general subject according to student's level. The applied writing materials were extended from learned sentences or writings to short sentences or writings with errors, sentences put in disorder. The writing activities were extended from basic writing activities such as writing the answer of actual question about himself or herself and daily life, using a punctuation mark correctly to applied writing activities such as writing listened contents in one or two sentences, extending sentences while adding information, filling in a form. The conclusions based on the results of this study were as follows; First, listening and reading activities in English subject matter must be focused on 「reception-comprehension mechanism」-centered learning that listen and read as much as possible. Second, speaking and writing activities must be done through 「the integration learning」 focused on 「production-expression mechanism」-centered learning.
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휴대용 미디어 재생기에서 프레임률 제어를 활용한 동적 전압 및 주파수 조절 기법
네크워크와 멀티미디어 분야에서의 관련 기술의 발전은 노트북, 스마트폰, 태블릿(tablet) 등과 같은 휴대용 기기를 사용하여 언제 어디에서든 비디오 서비스를 이용할 수 있게 하였다. 휴대용 미디어 재생기에서는 비디오 디코딩을 위해 많은 계산량을 필요로 하며, 결과적으로 CPU로부터 높은 전력 소비를 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 휴대용 미디어 재생기에서 프레임률을 조절하는 새로운 CPU 전력 관리 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 기법은 각각의 프레임률에서 연속한 두 프레임간의 차이로부터 객관적 체감 품질 측정을 통하여 각 세그먼트에서의 품질 지수를 결정하고, 이전 프레임들의 디코딩 시간과 프레임 크기간의 상관관계로부터 각 프레임들을 디코딩하기 위해 필요한 계산 작업 부하를 예측한다. 그리고 명시된 품질 지수를 만족하게 하는 새로운 동적 전압 및 주파수 조절(DVFS) 기법을 제시한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법은 H.264/SVC의 디코딩을 지원하는 최신 휴대용 비디오 재생 시스템에서 구현되었으며, 실험 결과, 시스템 전체 에너지 소비 측면에서 대부분의 스마트폰에서 사용되는 DVFS 기법 보다 최소 8%에서 최대 36% 사이의 에너지를 절감할 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.
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김의석 한양대학교 공학대학원 2007 국내석사
국내에서 연직배수공법을 위해 사용되는 연직배수재는 샌드드레인, 팩드레인, PBD 등이 널리 이용되고 있으며, 각 배수재는 현장여건, 배수재의 성능을 고려하여 선정한다. 연직배수재의 선정시 연직배수공법에 영향을 미치는 다양한 인자들 중 통수능은 실제 배수재의 성능을 평가하는 매우 중요한 요소이다. 또한, 연직배수재의 설치에 의한 원지반의 교란영역을 나타내는 스미어존 역시 배수재 선정에 중요한 요소이다. 본 논문에서는 Wing Drain과 PBD의 통수능 비교를 위하여 복합 통수능실험을 실시하였으며, Wing Drain과 PBD의 스미어존을 파악하기 위해 스미어존 평가시험을 실시하였다. 복합통수능시험 결과, Wing Drain은 PBD보다 8배이상의 우수한 통수능력을 보였으며, 스미어존 평가시험에서는 스미어존이 다소 큰 경향을 보였다. Vertical drains which are widely used for vertical drain method are sand drain, peck drain PBD in domestic. Each drain is considerd as field condition and efficiency of vertical drain. In the vertical drain method, the discharge capacity is one of the most important factor which affect on the estimation of the drain efficiency. also, smear zone is one of the most important factor which show disturbed region in in-situ In this study, to compare discharge capacity of Wing Drain with discharge capacity of PBD Composite Discharge Capacity Test were performed using prefabricated vertical drain board. and to for investigating smear zone were performed using prefabricated vertical drain board Results of composite Discharge Capacity Test, Discharge capacity of Wing Drain was shown more than octuple discharge capacity of PBD and estimated test of smear zone was little big smear zone.
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