정상인에서 고빈도의 무통증성 경피적 신경자극이 RIII Nociceptive Flexion Reflex와 Temporal Summation에 미치는 영향

김용익,이장원,김정순,정진헌,박욱,Kim, Yong-Ik,Lee, Jang-Weon,Kim, Jung-Soon,Chung, Jin-Hun,Park, Wook 대한통증학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.14 No.1

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has been used widely, but its effects are controversial. This is probably due to the varying intensity and type of pain. We designed a study to assess the effects of the TENS on the RIII nociceptive flexion reflex as the resting pain level and the temporal summation as a repeated, movement related pain in 7 normal volunteer subjects. Methods: High frequency (80 Hz), non-noxious TENS was applied over the left popliteal fossa for 20 minutes. Ipsilateral RIII reflexes induced by single electrical stimulus and temporal summation of pain responses to repeated stimuli (five stimuli at 2 Hz) were recorded before, during (just before stopping), and subsequently at 20 minutes after TENS. Results: R (III) nociceptive flexion reflex activity during and after TENS was more significantly decreased than before treatment. However, the temporal summation threshold was not changed. Conclusions: We conclude that high frequency, non-noxious TENS could be effective on resting pain relief in the same segment but not on the movement related pain.

중소규모병원 무엇이 문제인가(3)-중소규모 병원의 활성화를 위한 대책

김용익,Kim, Yong-Ik 대한병원협회 1985 대한병원협회지 Vol.14 No.9

초음파 측정기를 이용한 20대 남성 체지방률 추정식 개발

김용익(Kim, Yong-Ik),이미영(Lee, Mi-Young),강성기(Kang, Seoung-Ki) 한국사회체육학회 2022 한국사회체육학회지 Vol.- No.87

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop an equation for estimating body fat percentage for men in their twenties using an ultrasonic measuring device. Method: The percentage of body fat was measured on male students in their 20s in Gyeonggi-do. For the development of the estimation formula according to the internal cross-validity procedure, 105 subjects were divided into 70 in the estimation-type development group and 35 in the cross-validity test group. The regression formula development exploration and validity analysis were conducted. Results: As a result of the analysis, the coefficient of determination was 82% and the standard error was 3.2% in the estimation formula at the development stage. In cross-validity, the estimated body fat percentage did not differ from the measured body fat percentage (p=.660), and the coefficient of determination was 94% and the total error was 2.2%. The final estimation formula that synthesized all the research results was y=2.245+1.125x. Conclusion: In conclusion, the validity of the body fat ratio estimation formula developed based on the ultrasonic measuring device is verified. When this formula is applied to men in their 20s in Korea, it is confirmed that it is suitable for the individual together with the group.

인터넷을 통한 Web-Based Instruction (WBI) 의 교육적 효용성과 수업전략 : 실과교육을 중심으로

김용익(Yong Ik Kim) 대한공업교육학회 1998 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The purposes of the study were to examine the concepts, features and educational effectiveness of Web-Based Instruction(WBI), to present the site addresses related to practical arts education for helping students or teachers` searching for needed educational information. This study was carried out by literature review and sites` analyses through PC communications. Web-Based Instruction(WBI) was defined as hypermedia-based instructional program which utilizes the attributes and resources of the Web to create a meaningful learning environment where learning is fostered and supported. WBI Features were divided into two categories: (1) key features(interactive, multimedial, open system, on line search, learner controlled, etc.) and (2) additional features(convenient, authentic, course security, cost effective, collaborative learning). Owing to these affirmative features, WBI could be described as more effective than traditional instruction in learning environment, leaners` critical skills, creative problem solving skills, and collaborative sensibilities. People who wishes to utilize WBI which have a lot of merits in practical arts education can use the site addresses showed in this study.

초·중·고등학교 교양 기술 관련 교과에 있어서 「설계 제도」 내용의 연계성에 관한 연구

김용익(Yong Ik Kim) 대한공업교육학회 1997 대한공업교육학회지 Vol.22 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate articulation from elementary school through high school in the unit or content design and drawing of technology related textbooks. Various textbooks related to technology education involving practical arts textbook in elementary school, technology industry textbook in middle school, technology textbooks in high school were analyzed to accomplish this study`s objective. The major findings of this study were as follows : 1. The design and drawing education in elementary school was very low level, and done in integrative manner through several units of practical art textbooks. 2. The design and drawing education in technology - industry textbook of middle school dealt with `functions and types of drawing`, `how to display objects`, and `reality of drawing` which emphasized elements of drawing rather than ones of design. 3. The design and drawing education in technology textbook of high school dealt with `profile of design`, `mechanic drawing`, and `electric drawing`, and the structure of content was not systematic compared with that of middle school. 4. `The uses of simple drawing tools`, `recognition of drawing` in elementary school were related to `the uses and classifications of lines`, `projection method`, and it were also closely connected to `the uses of mechanic drawing` in high school. 5. Articulation from elementary school through middle school was very desirable except the concept of `the method of writing in measurement` and `projection method` which were not easy to understand completely very soon. Therefore, it was necessary to build up the content of drawing and design in elementary school. 6. Articulation from middle school through high school was desirable in the field of `the uses and classifications of lines` and `the interpretation of drawing`, but was poor in the field of `the uses of drawing tools` and `projection method`. Therefore, it was necessary to build up the content. of drawing and design systematically in high school. Based upon the findings of this study, the content structure of design and drawing from elementary school through high school should be reorganized so that students can learn it effectively without any boredom.

병.의원의료 이용양상에 관한 조사 연구

김용익,이덕형,박병주,Kim, Yong-Ik,Lee, Deok-Hyeong,Park, Byeong-Ju 대한병원협회 1987 대한병원협회지 Vol.16 No.7.8

학교 목공 교육의 당면과제 및 대안

김용익(Yong-Ik Kim) 한국가구학회 2009 한국가구학회지 Vol.20 No.5

The objectives of this study were to identify current problems and to propose alternatives of woodworking education in school. This study was carried out through the literature review. Even though woodworking in school has a lot of merits, it has not been fully established yet. Current problems in school woodworking were identified as the absence of educational philosophy of woodworking, unambiguous education objectives, incongruity of educational contents and hierarchy, inadequate quality of teachers, poor surroundings for practice, lack of ancillary materials for teaching and learning, and the absence of community for interchanging information. It was proposed that educational philosophy of woodworking and concrete education objectives should be set up, educational contents should be organized in a proper level, and surroundings for practice should be improved. And, it was also proposed that teacher education should be made to upgrade qualities of teachers, ancillary materials for teaching and learning should be developed, and community for interchanging information should be set up.

2000년대 한국 보건의료 환경의 변천

김용익,Kim, Yong-Ik 대한병원협회 1993 대한병원협회지 Vol.22 No.10

일산화탄소중독(一酸化炭素中毒)의 진료대책(診療對策) 수립(樹立)을 위한 추계학적(推計學的) 연구(硏究)

김용익,윤덕로,신영수,Kim, Yong-Ik,Yun, Dork-Ro,Shin, Young-Soo 대한예방의학회 1983 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.16 No.1

Emergency medical service is an important part of the health care delivery system, and the optimal allocation of resources and their efficient utilization are essentially demanded. Since these conditions are the prerequisite to prompt treatment which, in turn, will be crucial for life saving and in reducing the undesirable sequelae of the event. This study, taking the hyperbaric chamber for carbon monoxide poisoning as an example, is to develop a stochastic approach for solving the problems of optimal allocation of such emergency medical facility in Korea. The hyperbaric chamber, in Korea, is used almost exclusively for the treatment of acute carbon monoxide poisoning, most of which occur at home, since the coal briquette is used as domestic fuel by 69.6 per cent of the Korean population. The annual incidence rate of the comatous and fatal carbon monoxide poisoning is estimated at 45.5 per 10,000 of coal briquette-using population. It offers a serious public health problem and occupies a large portion of the emergency outpatients, especially in the winter season. The requirement of hyperbaric chambers can be calculated by setting the level of the annual queueing rate, which is here defined as the proportion of the annual number of the queued patients among the annual number of the total patients. The rate is determined by the size of the coal briquette-using population which generate a certain number of carbon monoxide poisoning patients in terms of the annual incidence rate, and the number of hyperbaric chambers per hospital to which the patients are sent, assuming that there is no referral of the patients among hospitals. The queueing occurs due to the conflicting events of the 'arrival' of the patients and the 'service' of the hyperbaric chambers. Here, we can assume that the length of the service time of hyperbaric chambers is fixed at sixty minutes, and the service discipline is based on 'first come, first served'. The arrival pattern of the carbon monoxide poisoning is relatively unique, because it usually occurs while the people are in bed. Diurnal variation of the carbon monoxide poisoning can hardly be formulated mathematically, so empirical cumulative distribution of the probability of the hourly arrival of the patients was used for Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the probability of queueing by the number of the patients per day, for the cases of one, two or three hyperbaric chambers assumed to be available per hospital. Incidence of the carbon monoxide poisoning also has strong seasonal variation, because of the four distinctive seasons in Korea. So the number of the patients per day could not be assumed to be distributed according to the Poisson distribution. Testing the fitness of various distributions of rare event, it turned out to be that the daily distribution of the carbon monoxide poisoning fits well to the Polya-Eggenberger distribution. With this model, we could forecast the number of the poisonings per day by the size of the coal-briquette using population. By combining the probability of queueing by the number of patients per day, and the probability of the number of patients per day in a year, we can estimate the number of the queued patients and the number of the patients in a year by the number of hyperbaric chamber per hospital and by the size of coal briquette-using population. Setting 5 per cent as the annual queueing rate, the required number of hyperbaric chambers was calculated for each province and for the whole country, in the cases of 25, 50, 75 and 100 per cent of the treatment rate which stand for the rate of the patients treated by hyperbaric chamber among the patients who are to be treated. Findings of the study were as follows. 1. Probability of the number of patients per day follows Polya-Eggenberger distribution. $$P(X=\gamma)=\frac{\Pi\limits_{k=1}^\gamma[m+(K-1)\times10.86]}{\gamma!}\times11.86^{-{(\frac{m}{10.86}+\gamma)}}$$ when$${\gamma}=1,2,...,n$$$

수술 후 통증 평가를 위한 Visual Analogue Scale , Categorical Scale 그리고 환자 만족도와의 비교

김용익(Yong Ik Kim),남상구(Sang Goo Nam),홍승택(Seung Taek Hong),강규식(Kyu Sik Kang),박욱(Wook Park) 대한통증학회 2001 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.14 No.2

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