칼슘급여수준· 급여방법·입자도·연령이 메추리의 진정이용칼슘가에 미치는 영향

김용식,선상수,명규호 ( Y . S . Kim,S . S . Sun,K . H . Myung ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.6

The relationships between calcium input level and excreta calcium, and true available calcium (TAC) values were Y=3.21 × 10^(-4)x²+ 0.52X-0.48 (r=0.9832^(**) and Y=-6.21 × 10^(-3)X² -0.03 (r=0.9738^(**)) respectively. The TAC values of limestone and oyster shell were the highest in the 40-80 mesh as 74.67%, and the lowest in the 10-30 mesh as 68.2% and 61.01% respectively. Excreted calcium from fed birds were significantly increased (p$lt;0.05) as the age of birds increased, however, excreted calcium from unfed birds were almost same in all the age of birds. The TAC value of calcium carbonate was the highest in that of 16 weeks old bird as 99.42±1.32%. The relationships between age of bird and excreta calcium, and TAC value were Y=0.578x-0.0475 (r=0.9960^(**)) and Y=-0.129X+100.0425 (r=-0.9850^(**)) respectively.

쇠고기와 닭고시의 배합비에 따른 Consomme의 관능적 및 물리적 특성

김용식,장명숙,Kim Young-Sik,Jang Myung-Sook 동아시아식생활학회 2005 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.15 No.5

The application of consomme prepared with different ratios of ground beef and ground chicken to improve taste preferences and the cost of foodstuffs was attempted by reviewing fundamental data and the effect on the sensory and physical characteristics of treatment These treatments were prepared with different ratios(9:1(A), 7:3(B), 5:5(C), 3:7(D), 1:9(E) w/w) of ground beef and ground chicken, respectively. Sensory properties were evaluated in the aspects of both acceptability and intensity. From the acceptability aspect, A treatment showed the highest scores in smell, B in mouthfeel and taste, A and B in color and overall acceptability, respectively. In terms of acceptability, B treatment was favored most for color, mouthfeel, taste and overall acceptability except smell. The more the ground chicken, the higher the intensity aspect E treatment showed higher values than A in all the intensity aspects. Moisture contents and crude proteins increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground beef, whereas crude ash, solid matter and pH increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. Tumidity values were the highest in E treatment, whereas the lowest in A. Tumidity values were increased significantly by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. Viscosity increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The highest viscosity was shown in E treatment The colorimetric lightness values(L) decreased and redness(a), yellowness(b) and total color difference values(AE) increased significantly by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. This experimental study showed that A and B treatment had the highest values in overall acceptability. The results of analysis in crude protein, solid matter, tumidity and viscosity were increased by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. B treatment prepared with a ratio of 7:3 of ground beef and chicken had the most favorable sensory quality. These results suggested the basic information to improve acceptability and to save the costs of Consomme recipes for foodservice institutions.

메추리의 6개 칼슘공급원에 따른 진정이용칼슘과 외견상이용칼슘가의 비교

김용식,선상수,명규호 ( Y . S . Kim,S . S . Sun,K . H . Myung ) 한국축산학회 1985 한국축산학회지 Vol.27 No.5

True available calcium(TAC) values of 6 calcium supplements were a little greater than apparent available calcium(AAC) value of them, however, no significant difference was found between two kinds of available calcium values. There were significant differences (p$lt;0.01) among each TAC and AAC values of 6 calcium supplements. TAC values of calcium carbonate and oyster shell in mixed diets were significantly (p$lt;0.05) greater then AAC values of them. TAC and AAC values of calcium carbonate were the highest as 99.94%±2.10 and 98.45%±1.07, and those of oyster shell were the lowest as 67.78%±1.96 and 67.40%±2.07 respectively.

콩짚의 품종별 사료가치 비교

김용식,명규호,나진수 ( Y . S . Kim,K . H . Myung,J . S . Na ) 한국축산학회 1982 한국축산학회지 Vol.24 No.5

To evaluate the nutritive values of soybean straws of the different varieties, chemical compositions and in vitro digestibilities were examined. The soybean varieties used in this study were Bongeui, Dongbug, Suweon 86, Kwangkyo, Yugoo 3 and Hill. The results obtained are summarized as follows (1) The average weight of soybean straws was 12.0 g. The propotion of pod and stem were 60.4% and 39.6% of the straw fractions on a dry matter basis. (2) Although there were no differences in chemical composition, crude protein was slightly higher in Bongeui and Hill than in others. Pod contained more crude protein, nitrogen free extract, crude ash, cell content and hemicellulose than stem, but reverse phenomena were observed in the contents of cell wall constituents (CWC), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose and lignin. (3) Dry matter, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ADF and cellulose digestibilities of soybean straws in vitro were highest in Kwangkyo and lowest in Yugoo 3. Dry matter, NDF, ADF and cellulose digestibilities of pod in vitro were higher than those of stem. Eighty percent of the straw fraction, pod and stem based on a dry matter were disappeared within 48 hours by in vitro digestion.

심장근(心臟筋) mithochondria의 $Ca^{++}$유리에 대한 $Na^+$의 영향(影響)

김용식,박찬웅,김명석,Kim, Yong-Sik,Park, Chan-Woong,Kim, Myung-Suk 대한약리학회 1981 대한약리학잡지 Vol.17 No.1

Mitochondria로 부터의 $Na^+$에 의한 $Ca^{++}$유리현상은 digitalis의 강심기전을 설명하는데 있어 세포내 $Ca^{++}$농도 증가기전을 설명할 수 있는 현상의 하나로 보여지므로 $Na^+$에 의한 $Ca^{++}$유리와 이러한 $Ca^{++}$유리가 반응액내 $Ca^{++}$ 존재 유무로 어떠한 변화를 받는지를 비교 검토하였고 steady state에서의 $Ca^{++}$ flux에 대한 $Na^+$의 효과를 관찰하였다. $Na^+$의 증가에 따라 mitochondria에 흡수된 $Ca^{++}$의 유리량과 유리율이 증가하였고, EGTA 1mM 투여로 반응액내 잔여 $Ca^{++}$을 없을 경우 $Ca^{++}$유리가 증가함을 보여, 반응액내 잔여 $Ca^{++}$이 $Na^+$에 의한 $Ca^{++}$유리를 억제하리하 믿어진다. 한편 steady state에서 unidirectionai $Ca^{++}$ influx가 $Na^+$에 의하여 감소되는 점으로 미루어, $Na^+$에 의한 $Ca^{++}$유리는 $Na^+$이 $Ca^{++}-Ca^{++}$ 교환을 직접 억제하여 $Ca^{++}$ influx를 감소시켜 나타나는 결과로 생각된다. $Na^+$에 의한 unidirectional $Ca^{++}$ influx의 억제는 $Ca^{++}-Ca^{++}$교환에 $Na^+$이 직접 작용하며, 또한 반응액내 $Ca^{++}$의 다소에 따라 $Na^+$에 의한 $Ca^{++}$ 유리정도가 변화되는 양상으로 미루어 보아 mitochondria의 $Ca^{++}$ 운반의 일부는 $Na^+$과 $Ca^{++}$이 상경적으로 작용하는 모종의 동일매개체에 의하여 이루어질 수 있으리라 생각된다. The $Na^+$-induced calcium release and the effect of sodium on the transmitochondrial calcium flux were observed in mitochondria isolated from pig ventricular myocardium by Milipore filtration technique using radioisotope $^{45}Ca$. The release of calcium from cardiac mitochondria was induced by small amount of sodium, and was promoted by increasing sodium concentration in the incubation medium. The extent of the $Na^+$-induced calcium release was much greater in the absence of extramitochondrial calcium than in the presence of calcium. At steady state of calcium binding on the mitochondrial membrane unidirectional calcium influx was inhibited by sodium and unidirectional calcium efflux was increased., From the above results, it was suggested that calcium might be released from cardiac mitochondria in exchange with sodium through the mediation of the postulated '$Na^+/Ca^{++}$ exchange' mechanism.

쇠고기와 닭고기의 배합비에 따른 $Consomm{\acute{e}}$의 이화학적 특성

김용식,장명숙,Kim, Young-Sik,Jang, Myung-Sook 동아시아식생활학회 2006 東아시아食生活學會誌 Vol.16 No.5

The application of Consomm prepared with different ingredients of ground beef and ground chicken ingredients to improve the taste preferences and reduce saving the food cost of Consomm was attempted by reviewing fundamental data and its examining the effect on the physicochemical characteristics of treatment. These treatments were prepared with the following different ratios (9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 1:9 ; w/w) of ground beef to and ground chicken: 9:1, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, and 1:9, w/w, respectively. Gelatin contents were increased significantly with by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The free sugars identified from Consomm were, glucose, fructose, and sucrose. Free sugar contents, increased significantly by with increasing the mixed ratio of ground beef. (Ed- what are the highlighted treatments? You need to explain in this abstract otherwise the reader doesn't know. For simplicity I suggest you don't use such nomenclaturehere in the abstract and simplify with merely the weight ratios. Confirm the changes that I've made) The highest and lowest free sugars werewas shown at A9:1 and 1:9 treatments, respectively whereas the lowest value was shown at I treatment. As many as 20 different kinds of free amino acids were detected infrom the Consomm and the amount of total amino acids waswere increased with by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The contents of arginine, glutamic acid and alanine contents were high in the free amino acids of Cconsomm prepared with different ingredients. The In the changes of mineral contents in the Consomm prepared with different ingredients, the mineral showed high contents increased according to in the following order of: K, Na, P, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Zn. From the The results of analysis results, in the Relatin contents, free sugars, free amino acids and mineral contents were all increased with by increasing the mixed ratio of ground chicken. The 7:3 treatment showed From above results, it was showed that B treatment prepared with a ratio of 1 ground beef to 3 ground chicken was the bestmost preferred in physicochemical qualities.

과산화수소처리 볏짚의 반추가축 사료화에 관한 연구

김용식(Y . S . Kim),명규호(K . H . Myung),권동석(D . S . Kwon),이석래(S . R . Lee),이태훈(T . H . Lee) 한국축산학회 1990 한국축산학회지 Vol.32 No.3

Experiments were carried out to investigate on the effect of cryoprotectants of the quality changes of chicken breast and leg meat during frozen storage. Chicken breast and leg meat were mixed with various cryoprotectants and stored at -20℃ in a chest freezer for 12 weeks. Samples were analyzed for pH changes, TBA value, free fatty acid contents, water and salt soluble protein extractability. The results obtained are summerized as follows ; 1. The pH value in all of cryoprotectants added samples were increased up to 0.27-0.46 in chicken breast and 0.1-0.25 in leg meat as in non treated samples. The TBA value were increased with storage time and higher value at 12 weeks as compared with the non-treated samples. 2. The effect of cryoprotectants on the free fatty acid of chicken meat were showed significance. The cryoprotectant effect on the free fatty acid was greater in chicken leg than in breast meat, especially CP-C treated samples. 3. The effect of cryoprotectants on the water soluble protein extractability were showed no significance. 4. The cryoprotectant effect on the salt soluble protein extractability was more pronounced in chicken leg than in breast meat. The extractability of the CP-A treated in chicken leg meat was increased up to 20-50% as in non treated samples.

백두대간의 고남산과 시리봉 일대의 관속식물상

김용식 ( Yong Shik Kim ),임동옥 ( Dong Ok Lim ),오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ),고명희 ( Myung Hee Ko ) 한국환경생태학회 2003 한국환경생태학회지 Vol.16 No.4

경상북도 망개나무 개체군의 군집구조와 생태적 특성

김용식(Yong Shik Kim),신현탁(Hyun Tak Shin),강신구(Shin Koo Kang),윤정원(Jung Won Yoon),김기송(Gi Song Kim),성정원(Jung Won Sung),박기환(Ki Hwan Park),김은정(Eun Jung Kim),이명훈(Myung Hoon Yi) 한국산림휴양학회 2011 한국산림휴양학회지 Vol.15 No.4

경상북도 망개나무 야생 개체군은 망개나무-느티나무 군집, 소나무-굴참나무 군집 및 망개나무-물푸레나무 군집의 3개 유형으로 분리하였다. 군집의 종다양성지수는 1.6484~1.7946이며 유사도지수는 48.77~63.23이다. 망개나무는 생강나무, 당단풍, 산벚나무 및 물푸레나무 등과 정의 상관관계를 가진다. DCA분석 결과, 망개나무 개체군은 환경 요인 인자 중 유기물함량, 치환성양이온 K, 치환성양이온 Ca 및 토양산도와 밀접한 관계를 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 망개나무 개체군과 빛 환경요인과의 관계 분석 결과, 수관개방율은 rPPFD에 영향을 미치는 이는 결과적으로 종 다양성지수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The wild populations of Berchemia berchemiaefolia in Gyeongsangbuk-do were grouped into 3 types; Community of Berchemia berchemiaefolia - Zelkova serrata, Community of Pinus densiflora - Quercus variabilis and Community of Berchemia berchemiaefolia - Frxinus rhynchophyllus. The Shannon diversity index was varied between 1.6484 and 1.7946, while the Similarity index was varied between 48.77 and 63.23. The species of Berchemia berchemiaefolia are correlated, positively with significant, with Lindera obtusiloba, Acer pseudosieboldianum, Prunus sargentii, Fraxinus rhynchophyllus in order. According to the DCA analysis, the relationship between the distribution of Berchemia berchemiaefolia populations and the environment conditions are closely related with soil organic matter, exchangeable Kalium, exchangeable calcium and soil acidity. According to the relationship analysis between wild populations of Berchemia berchemiaefolia and the light environment conditions, the canopy openness affects to rPPFD, and finall y this serious of affects to the species diversity.

심장근(心臟筋) mithochondria의 Ca⁺⁺유리에 대한 Na⁺의 영향(影響)

김용식(Yong Sik Kim),박찬웅(Chan Woong Park),김명석(Myung Suk Kim) 대한약리학회 1981 대한약리학잡지 Vol.17 No.1

Mitochondria로 부터의 Na⁺에 의한 Ca⁺⁺유리현상은 digitalis의 강심기전을 설명하는데 있어 세포내 Ca⁺⁺농도 증가기전을 설명할 수 있는 현상의 하나로 보여지므로 Na⁺에 의한 Ca⁺⁺유리와 이러한 Ca⁺⁺유리가 반응액내 Ca⁺⁺ 존재 유무로 어떠한 변화를 받는지를 비교 검토하였고 steady state에서의 Ca⁺⁺ flux에 대한 Na⁺의 효과를 관찰하였다. Na⁺의 증가에 따라 mitochondria에 흡수된 Ca⁺⁺의 유리량과 유리율이 증가하였고, EGTA 1mM 투여로 반응액내 잔여 Ca⁺⁺을 없을 경우 Ca⁺⁺유리가 증가함을 보여, 반응액내 잔여 Ca⁺⁺이 Na⁺에 의한 Ca⁺⁺유리를 억제하리하 믿어진다. 한편 steady state에서 unidirectionai Ca⁺⁺ influx가 Na⁺에 의하여 감소되는 점으로 미루어, Na⁺에 의한 Ca⁺⁺유리는 Na⁺이 Ca⁺⁺-Ca⁺⁺ 교환을 직접 억제하여 Ca⁺⁺ influx를 감소시켜 나타나는 결과로 생각된다. Na⁺에 의한 unidirectional Ca⁺⁺ influx의 억제는 Ca⁺⁺-Ca⁺⁺교환에 Na⁺이 직접 작용하며, 또한 반응액내 Ca⁺⁺의 다소에 따라 Na⁺에 의한 Ca⁺⁺ 유리정도가 변화되는 양상으로 미루어 보아 mitochondria의 Ca⁺⁺ 운반의 일부는 Na⁺과 Ca⁺⁺이 상경적으로 작용하는 모종의 동일매개체에 의하여 이루어질 수 있으리라 생각된다. The Na⁺-induced calcium release and the effect of sodium on the transmitochondrial calcium flux were observed in mitochondria isolated from pig ventricular myocardium by Milipore filtration technique using radioisotope ⁴⁵Ca. The release of calcium from cardiac mitochondria was induced by small amount of sodium, and was promoted by increasing sodium concentration in the incubation medium. The extent of the Na⁺-induced calcium release was much greater in the absence of extramitochondrial calcium than in the presence of calcium. At steady state of calcium binding on the mitochondrial membrane unidirectional calcium influx was inhibited by sodium and unidirectional calcium efflux was increased., From the above results, it was suggested that calcium might be released from cardiac mitochondria in exchange with sodium through the mediation of the postulated Na⁺/Ca⁺⁺ exchange mechanism.