국내 유통 어린이 및 무기 자외선차단제에서 자외선 차단성분, 보존제 및 중금속 실태 조사

김애란 ( Aeran Kim ),이유진 ( You-jin Lee ),조윤식 ( Yun-sik Cho ),김현주 ( Hyun-jue Kim ),조상훈 ( Sang-hun Cho ),김양희 ( Yang-hee Kim ),노정원 ( Jeong-won Ro ),박용배 ( Yong-bae Park ) 대한화장품학회 2021 대한화장품학회지 Vol.47 No.4

본 연구에서는 국내 유통 중인 민감성 피부 대상 자외선 차단제의 안전성 조사를 위해 무기 자외선 차단제 27 건 및 어린이용 자외선 차단제 23 건을 수거하여 자외선 차단 성분 17 종, 보존제 13 종 및 중금속 5 종의 사용 및 혼입 실태을 조사하였다. 그 결과 자외선 차단 성분은 티타늄디옥사이드(41 건), 징크옥사이드(29 건), 비스-에칠헥실옥시페놀메톡시페닐트리아진(10 건) 에칠헥실살리실레이트(8 건) 및 에칠헥실메톡시신나메이트(8 건)순으로 검출되었으며, 보존제는 페녹시에탄올(6 건), 안식향산(1 건), 디히드로초산(1 건) 순으로 검출되었다. 확인된 자외선 차단성분은 모두 표시 사항에 적합 하였으나, 1 개 제품에서 표시사항 외 보존제 성분인 페녹시에탄올이 0.1% 농도로 검출되었다. 중금속 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 안티몬, 니켈은 불검출에서 3.6 μg/g로 다양한 농도로 검출되었다. 이번 연구에서 확인된 자외선 차단성분, 보존제 및 중금속은 화장품 안전기준 등에 관한 규정의 성분별 최대 배합한도 및 최대 허용량 기준에 적합하였다. In this study, 27 inorganic sunscreens and 23 sunscreens for children were collected to investigate the use and incorporation of 17 types of sunscreen agents, 13 types of preservatives, and 5 types of heavy metals. As a result, sunscreen agents were detected in the order of titanium dioxide (41 cases), zinc oxide (29 cases), bis-ethylhexyloxyphenyltriazine (10 cases), ethylhexyl salicylate (8 cases), and ethylhexylmethoxynamate (8 cases), and preservatives were detected in order of phenoxyethanol (6 cases), benzoic acid (1 case), and dihydroacetic acid(1 case). All of the identified sunscreen agents were suitable for labeling, but phenoxyethanol, a preservative component other than labeling, was detected at a concentration of 0.1%. Heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, arsenic, antimony, and nickel were not detected or were detected at various concentrations of less than 3.6 μg/g. All the detected UV filters, preservatives, and heavy metals were less than the allowed maximum amount stipulated by the Regulations on Cosmetic Safety Standards in Korea.

가리비 패주평활근의 수축에 미치는 세포외 Ca²⁺의 영향

김보경(Bokyung Kim),김중환(Jung hwan Kim),조성일(SungIl Cho),이상목(Sang Mok Lee),심증무(Joung-Moo Sim),김애란(Aeran Kim),장병준(Byung-Joon Chang),박태규(Taekyu Park),박의우(Euiu Park),이윤렬(Yun-Lyul Lee) 한국실험동물학회 2001 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.17 No.4

Salmonella Typhimurium의 돼지 호중구내 연속노출에 따른 특성변화

이희수,김애란,윤민,이지연,임숙경,강호영,유한상,박중원,위성환,정석찬,Lee, Hee-Soo,Kim, Aeran,Youn, Min,Lee, Ji-Youn,Lim, Suk-Kyung,Kang, Ho-Young,Yoo, Han Sang,Park, Jung-Won,Wee, Sung-Hwan,Jung, Suk-Chan 대한수의학회 2013 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.53 No.1

To develop a live vaccine candidate using an attenuated strain of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST), biochemical properties, plasmid profile, PFGE patterns and pathogenic analysis of the ST isolate were carried out after sequential passage of the ST isolate in porcine neutrophils. By the passage, the ability of the neutrophil-adapted isolate to utilize d-xylose was lost, while the ability of the strain to ferment trehalose was delayed after 2 or more days of the culture. Also, changes including deletion of the gene fragments were observed in PFGE analysis of the neutrophil-adapted isolates. Two plasmids, 105kb and 50kb, were cured in the strain passaged over 15 times in porcine neutrophils. The 50% of lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of the parent strain was changed from $1{\times}10^5\;LD_{50}$ to $6{\times}10^6\;LD_{50}$ by the passage in intraperitoneal injection of the strains into mice. These results suggested that bacterial genotypic and phenotypic responses might be globally altered depending on the inside environment of neutrophils.

Serratia marcescens 검출을 위한 PCR 기법 개발 및 돼지정액 유래균주에 대한 항생제 감수성 양상

정지아(Ji-A Jung),김애란(Aeran Kim),서병주(Byoung Joo Seo),정석찬(Suk Chan Jung),김인철(In Cheul Kim),정기화(Ki Hwa Chung),정병열(Byeong Yeal Jung) 한국생명과학회 2013 생명과학회지 Vol.23 No.9

돼지 원정액의 채취나 희석정액의 제조과정 중 세균오염이 많이 발생하는데, 이는 정자활력의 감소뿐 아니라 모돈의 수태율 저하 등을 유발한다. 특히 Serratia marcescens는 환경에 널리 존재하며 비위생적으로 제조된 정액에 많이 분리되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 S. marcescens의 신속한 동정을 위하여 PCR 기법을 개발하였으며, 국내 돼지정 액 유래 S. marcescens을 이용하여 최소생육억제농도(MIC) 등을 조사하고 유효 항생제를 선발하고자 하였다. 개발 PCR 기법은 S. marcescens에서만 306 bp의 특이 유전자 증폭산물을 형성하였으며, 기타 돼지정액에서 분리 보고된 균주나 Serratia 속균에서는 유전자 증폭 산물이 형성되지 않아 특이성이 인정되었다. PCR 기법의 민감도는 S. marcescens에서 추출된 DNA 50 pg/μl까지 검출이 가능하였다. 디스크확산법에 의한 국내 돼지정액 유래 S. marcescens의 항생제 감수성을 조사한 결과, gentamicin, ceftiofur, neomycin 등에서 80% 이상의 높은 감수성을 보였 다. 한편 ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, neomycin의 MIC90는 각각 8, 8, 8, 16 μg/ml로 나타났다. 따라서 개발된 PCR 기법은 S. marcescens를 동정하는 유용한 방법이며, gentamicin 등 선발된 항생제는 S. marcescens에 의한 정액 내 세균오염을 관리하기 위한 희석제용 항생제로 추천된다. During the collection of boar semen, bacterial contamination usually occurs. The contamination has deleterious effects both on semen quality and on sow fertility. The majority of contaminants are gram-negative bacteria, especially Serratia marcescens. In this study, we developed a PCR assay for the identification of S. marcescens targeting the luxS gene (GenBank no. EF164926). S. marcescens yielded a specific 306 bp PCR product. However, no amplification was observed in the other strains tested. The detection limit of PCR was 50 pg/μl of template DNA of S. marcescens. The antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. marcescens isolated from boar semen were tested using the disk diffusion method. Gentamicin, ceftiofur, florfenicol, and neomycin showed high sensitivity in this test. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined by the broth microdilution method. The MIC90 values of ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and neomycin were 8, 8, 8, and 16 μg/ml, respectively. These results indicate that PCR amplification of the luxS gene is a reliable and effective method for the identification of S. marcescens and that ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, and neomycin are effective semen extenders for controlling S. marcescens.

한방의료의 통증치료 실태

박지은(Ji-Eun Park),정희정(Hee-Jung Jung),김애란(Aeran Kim),정소영(Soyoung Jung),황혜숙(Hye Suk Hwang),최선미(Sun-Mi Choi) 대한한의학회 2011 대한한의학회지 Vol.32 No.2

침치료 이상반응에 대한 고찰

박지은(Park jieun),오달석(Oh dalseok),최준용(Choi Junyong),정소영(Jung soyoung),김애란(Kim aeran),구창모(Koo changmo),정희정(Jung heejung),최선미(Choi sunmi) 한국한의학연구원 2007 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.13 No.3

Objective : To investigate documented surveys about adverse events of acupuncture therapy. Methods : We searched Medline with the terms of 'acupuncture/adverse event(s)', 'acupuncture/side effect(s)' and 'CAM/adverse event(s)' using Pubmed and set the limits to human study. Results : There were 5 prospective studies, 3 reviews and 3 surveys in our searching. There were 3 reports about acupuncture related adverse events in UK ranging from 10.7% to 15% of which the rate of significant events were from 0.13% to 0.14%. In Germany, there were 11% of acupuncture related adverse events in one report and 7.5%(significant events were 45 in 190.924 patients) in another report. In Australia, one study reported that every adverse event associated with acupuncture occurred in 8-9 month per one practitioner. In Japan. 0.14% of acupuncture related adverse events in 48 practitioners were reported in one systemic review. A cumulative review about significant adverse events associated with acupuncture reported 715 adverse events of which most frequent accidents were pneumothorax and central nervous system injury. Conclusion : The risk of adverse event associated with acupuncture is far lower than that associated with other general medical interventions. However, some safety guidelines about the acupuncture performance are needed.

Establishment of PCR Conditions for the Identification of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated from Boar Semen and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of the Isolates

Byeong Yeal Jung(정병열),Bum Soo Park(박범수),Ha-Young Kim(김하영),Jae Won Byun(변재원),Aeran Kim(김애란),Albert Byungyun Jeon(전병윤),In Cheul Kim(김인철),Ki Hwa Chung(정기화) 한국생명과학회 2012 생명과학회지 Vol.22 No.8

돼지 정액의 세균오염은 정자활력 감소나 수태율 저하 등을 유발하는데, 특히 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia는 자연환경에 널리 존재하여 비위생적으로 채취된 정액에 많이 오염될 뿐 아니라 사람에게도 병원성을 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 S. maltophilia의 검사 시간 단축과 정확도를 높이고자 PCR 기법을 개발하였으며, 돼지 원정액에서 이들 세균의 오염율을 조사하고 유효 항생제를 선발하고자 하였다. 돼지 원정액에서 분리 빈도가 높은 18 균종을 대상으로 PCR을 적용한 결과, S. maltophilia에서만 445 bp의 특이 유전자 증폭산물이 확인되었다. 또한 순수 배양된 S. maltophilia는 1.5×10³ CFU/ml까지, 원정액에 혼합된 S. maltophilia에 대해서는 1.5×10⁴ CFU/ml까지 검출이 가능하였다. 2009년에 116건과 2011년 324건 등 총 440건의 원정액 중 26건(5.9%)에서 S. maltophilia가 분리되었으며, 여름과 가을철에 오염율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 균분리법과 PCR간의 일치율은 98.9%, kappa value는 0.906이었으며, PCR의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 100%, 98.7%로 나타났다. 분리균주의 항생제 감수성 시험 결과, enrofloxacin (100%)과 florfenicol (92.3%)에 높은 감수성을 보였으나 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, ceftiofur, penicillin, spectinomycin에는 내성율이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 개발된 PCR기법은 민감도, 특이도, 일치율이 높아 균분리법을 보조하고 신속?정확하게 정액 내 오염세균을 확인할 수 있어 효율적인 정액관리가 가능할 것으로 기대된다. Bacteria are frequently contaminated during the collection and processing procedures of boar semen. Of the contaminants, Stenotrophomonas (S.) maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacterium that is widely distributed in a variety of habitats. Although PCR assays have been developed for the detection of S. maltophilia, they cross-react with some species of Xanthomonas. In this study, we designed a primer set for the detection of S. maltophilia in order to target the chiA (GenBank accession no. NC_010943) gene. The specific PCR products were amplified from S. maltophilia only, not from other tested strains that are frequently found in semen. The detection limit of the PCR was 1.5×10³ CFU/ml with pure-cultured S. maltophilia and 1.5×10⁴ CFU/ml with S. maltophilia spiked in semen. Twenty-six (5.9%) S. maltophilia were isolated from 440 semen samples. The PCR results exhibited 98.9% agreement with a comparison of S. maltophilia isolation. Also, the sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 100% and 98.7%, respectively. In the antimicrobial susceptibility test, S. maltophilia isolates were highly susceptible to enrofloxacin and florfenicol, while the majority of them were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, ceftiofur, penicillin, and spectinomycin. These results indicated that the PCR using the chiA gene was proven to be reliable and effective for the detection of S. maltophilia with high levels of sensitivity and specificity.

침구 임상연구 논문동향 분석

박지은(Park jieun),오달석(Oh dalseok),신선화(Shin seonhwa),최준용(Choi junyong),구창모(Koo changmo),김애란(Kim aeran),정소영(Jung soyoung),한경주(Han Kyungju),최선미(Choi sun-mi) 한국한의학연구원 2007 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.13 No.2

Objective : This study was aimed to review the trend of clinical research articles of acupuncture and moxibustion from the year of 1995 to 2006. Methods : The retrieving and analyzing period were from January 1995 to July 2006. Articles were collected by retrieving Pubmed database. Search terms were as follows; "Acupuncture", "Acupuncture & Meridian", "Moxibustion". After reviewing articles by our pre-defined criteria, Correlation was assessed qualitatively between contents of the final selected articles and those of Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Results : The number of acupuncture research articles have increased with higher rate since the year of 2000. In the field of medical devices, the articles were sparsely existed. The percentage of clinical acupuncture research articles was 75%. However, in the category of Korean investigators' researches, it was 46%. Publications by Korean investigators were concentrated to several specific journals of which their impact factor were below 1 point. Conclusion : There needs more qualifying studies in acupuncture studies which are represented by impact factor in Journal Citation Reports. It is necessary to research and develop the medical devices quantatively rating the outcome of acupuncture trials. The secondary research, such as, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, would be a key approach to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture treatments. Moxibustion research would be noticeable in regard to its historical effectiveness and its variable indications.