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김상동,윤상섭,황정기,박순철,김지일,문인성,박장상 연세대학교의과대학 2012 Yonsei medical journal Vol.53 No.4
Purpose: Despite significant improvements in surgery, anesthesia, and postoperative critical care, the postoperative mortality rate of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (RAAA) has remained at 40% to 50% for several decades. Therefore, we evaluated factors associated with the postoperative mortality of RAAA. Materials and Methods: From January 1999 to December 2008, a retrospective study was performed with 34 patients who underwent open repair of RAAA. The preoperative factors included age, sex, smoking, comorbidities, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, shock, pulse rate, and time from emergency room to operation room. The intraoperative factors included blood loss, transfusion, aortic clamping site and time, aneurysmal characteristics, rupture type, graft type, hourly urine output (HUO), and operative time. The postoperative factors included inotropic support, renal replacement therapy (RRT), reoperation, bowel ischemia, multiple organ failure (MOF), and intensive care unit stay. The 2-day and the 30-day mortality rates were analyzed separately. Results: The 2-day and the 30-day mortality rates were 14.7% and 41.2%, respectively. On univariate analysis, shock, transfusion, HUO, inotropic support and MOF for the 2-day mortality and serum creatinine, transfusion, aortic clamping site, HUO, inotropic support, RRT and MOF for the 30-day mortality were statistically significant. On multivariate analysis, shock, inotropic support and MOF for the 2-day mortality and aortic clamping site, RRT and MOF for the 30-day mortality were statistically significant. Conclusion: To decrease the postoperative mortality rate of RAAA, prevention of massive hemorrhage and acute renal failure with infrarenal aortic clamping, as well as prompt operative control of bleeding and maintenance of systemic perfusion are important.
수평식 연속주조법에 의한 순 Al 및 Al-5wt%Si 합금 주괴제조시 주조변수에 관한 고찰
김상동,조형호,김명한 ( Sang Dong Kim,Hyung Ho Jo,Myung Han Kim ) 한국주조공학회 1993 한국주조공학회지 Vol.13 No.6
N/A The effect of casting variables for making pure Al and Al-5wt%Si alloy rods free from any surface and inside defects was studied by adopting the horizontal continuous casting method with heated mold. The rods were cast under the casting conditions such as the mold temperature of 670∼690℃, water flow rate of 0.2∼0.6ℓ/min, and rod diameter of 4∼8㎜, when the melt temperature and mold to cooler distance was fixed at 700℃ and 20㎜, respectively. The results represented that the casting speed for good quality rod increased as the water flow rate increased, whereas, the casting speed decreased as the rod diameter or mold temperature increased. The statistical analysis of 2³factorial design was also applied and the results represented that the averaged optimum casting speed for pure Al(302㎜/min) was higher than that of Al-5wt%Si alloy(273㎜/min) resulting from the difference of superheat applied. The effect of rod diameter on the optimum casting speed was the highest for pure Al as well as Al-5wt%Si alloy. The effect of water flow rate and mold temperature on the optimum casting speed was in decreasing order.
추천 및 강원 북부지역의 담마진과 아토피 피부염 환자의 피부단자시험과 혈중 호산구 및 혈청 IgE 검사 성적에 관한 연구
김상동,이원주,구대원,정승준 대한피부과학회 2001 大韓皮膚科學會誌 Vol.39 No.3
Background: Atopic dematitis and urticaria are relatively common dermatologic diseases and several reports on skin prick test reactlvity have been presented in Korea. However, there has not been any report on the skin prick test reactivity of Chuncheon and the Northern Kangwon Province. Objective: This study was done for the evaluation of correlation of the skin prick test reactivities, peripheral blood eosinophils, and total serum 1gE levels in 143 patients with urticaria and 107 patienyts with atopic dematitis in Chuncheon and the Nothern kangwon Province. Methods: We performed the skin pric test with 85 allergens and the evaluations of peripheral blood eosinophils and total serum lgE levels in 250 patients the department of dematology in Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym university during a 4Year-Period from Aug. 1995 to Aug.1999. Results: 1. In the patients with urticaria,the sex ratio of male to female of 143 patients was 1:1.6, and third and sixth decades occupied 39% in male patients, and forth and fifth decades occupied 44% in female patients. In the patients with atopic dermatitis, the sex ratio of male to female of 107 Patients was l:1.1, and third decade occupied 47% in male patients and 42% in female patients. 2. Monthly peak incidence was July in the patients with urticaria(P$lt;0.05) and August in the patients with atopic dermatitis(p$gt;0.05),and seasonal analysis was satisticalIy insignificant(P$gt;0.05). 3. The positive reactivities to allergens in the patients with urticaria and atopic dematitis were 60.8% and 69.2%, respectively. 4. In the patients with urticaria, the skin prick test reactivities to allergens were D, farinae(28.7%), D. pteronissnus(25.9%), cultivated maize pollen(18.2%), hay dust(13.3%), threshings(9.1%) in decreasing order, whereas in the patients with atopic dematitis; D. pteronissnus(43.9%), D, farinae(41.9%), ugwort pollen(15.9%), cultivated maize pollen(13.1%), cat fur(12.1%). When our study results were compared with previous reports from other regions Korea, cultivated maize pollen revealed relatively high positive reactivity in the skin prick test. 5. In the patients with urticaria and atopic dermatitis, increase of peripheral blood eosinophil were encountered in 16.8% and 38.7%, respectively, but statistically significant difference of peripheral blood eosinophil between the prick test-positive group and prick test-negative group was not observed in both patients with urticaria and those with atopic dermatitis. 6. In the patients with urticaria and atopic dermatitis, increase of total serum IgE levels were encountered in 64.2% and 70%, respectively. Statistically significant difference of total serum IgE levels between the prick test-positive group and the prick test-negative group was observed in the patients with urticaria. Conclusion: The results of our study were similar to those of reports from other regions in Korea, except for higher reactivity of skin prick test to cultivated maize pollen. The difference of reactivity of skin prick test to cultivated maize pollen between our study and others is thought to be due to the regional characteristic of Chuncheon and the Northern Kangwon Province. But the difference of results between patients with atopic dermatitis and normal persons in Chuncheon and the Northern Kangwon Province is not statistically significant.
고속 UWB 시스템을 위한 인터폴레이터의 설계 및 구현
김상동,이종훈,정우영,정정화 대한전자공학회 2007 電子工學會論文誌-SP (Signal processing) Vol.44 No.1
This paper designs an interpolator for a high speed ultra wide bandwidth (UWB). The UWB wireless technology will play a key role in short-range wireless connectivity supporting very high bit rates availability, low power consumption, and location capabilities. Because the UWB needs high operating speed, a cubic interpolator based on variable parameters for the UWB needs to be operated at a high speed. In order to improve an operating speed, the modified cubic interpolator is based on both a parallel processing and a pipelining in the existing interpolator simultaneously. Experimental results show that a maximum operating speed and period of the proposed interpolator using Stratix II EP2S60F1020C3 is 102.42MHz and 9.764ns, respectively. Compared to the conventional interpolator, the designed cubic parameter interpolator has been improved more than about 190%. 본 논문은 고속 UWB(Ultra Wide Band) 시스템을 위한 인터폴레이터를 구현한다. 구현된 고속 UWB 시스템용 인터폴레이터는 기존 가변 파라미터를 이용한 큐빅 인터폴레이터에 병렬 처리 기술과 파이프라인 기법을 동시에 적용한다. Stratix II EP2S60F1020C3를 타겟 디바이스로 실험한 결과, 최대지연경로 속도와 최대지연경로 주기가 각각 최대 102.42MHz와 9.764ns가 되었고, 동작속도는 최대 대략 190%이상 향상되었음을 알 수 있다.
Multi-band OFDM UWB 시스템용 변형된 가변 파라미터를 이용한 큐빅 인터폴레이터의 설계 및 구현
김상동,이종훈,정우영,정정화 대한임베디드공학회 2006 대한임베디드공학회논문지 Vol.1 No.1
본 논문은 MB-OFDM UWB(Multi Band-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Ultra Wide Band) 시스템을 위한 변형된 가변 파라미터를 이용한 큐빅 인터폴레이터를 제안한다. MB-OFDM UWB 시스템은 고속의 동작속도가 필요하기 때문에, 기존 가변 파라미터를 이용한 큐빅 인터폴레이터에 병렬 처리 기술과 파이프라인 기법을 동시에 적용한다. 실험 결과, Stratix II 2S60F101020C3 디바이스를 타켓으로 최대지연경로 속도와 최대지연경로 주기가 각각 최대 88.79MHz와 11.262ns가 되었고, 동작속도는 최대 대략 200% 이상 향상되었음을 알 수 있다.