일반형(一般型) fibre를 가지는 fibred 리만 공간(空間)

기우항 ( U-hang Ki ),김병학 ( Byung Hak Kim ) 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1985 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.9 No.-

K .Yano, M . Konishi, Y.Tashiro 等에 의하여 1960年代 後半부터 集中 硏究되기 시작한 fibred space의 미분기하학적 考察은 最近 Y .Tashiro, I.-B. Kim등의 국내의 학자들에 의해서 fibred Sasakian space의 問題가 풀리고 있으며 더욱이 fibre 상에서 structure tensor와 次元과의 관계에 의하여 곡면론적 해석을 시도하고 있다. 이런 관점에서 본 論文에서는 fibred Sasakian space가 generic 구조를 가질 때 pro-jectable의 문제가 기본 tensor, curvature condition들을 硏究하였다.

실험 배합사료 및 미역 공급시 참전복 치패의 적정 사육밀도

김병학(Byung Hak Kim),이상민(Sang Min Lee),고창순(Chang Soon Ko),김재우(Jae Woo Kim),명정인(Jeong In Myeong) 한국수산과학회 1998 한국수산과학회지 Vol.31 No.6

A feeding trial was carried out to investigate the optimum density of juvenile abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) fed the formulated diet or macroalgae (Undaria). Abalone with initial average shell length of 8.41 ㎜ were stocked into three replicate tanks at four different densities of 1430, 2860, 4290, and 5720 individual/㎡ for 15 weeks. The formulated diet produced higher body weight and shell growth, soft body weight and survival rate than Undaria in abalone. Abalone fed the formulated diet have significantly (P<0.05) higher lipid and ash, and lower moisture and protein in soft body. Higher density resulted in lower growth and survival (P<0.05). Whereas shell growth, survival rate and weight gain were not significantly (P>0.05) different within the abalone stocked at stocking densities of 1430 and 2860 individual/㎡ in each diet group. Body composition of abalone was not affected by increasing density. These study indicate that the number of abalone (shell length ranges of between 8 ㎜ and 17 ㎜) below 2860 individual/㎡ were predicted to effective density in the indoor tank culture system.

두 개 절개를 이용한 양극성 고관절 반치환술 -15예의 분석-

김병학 ( Byung Hak Kim ),정영율 ( Young Yool Chung ),전성훈 ( Sung Hoon Jun ),최동혁 ( Dong Hyeok Choi ) 대한고관절학회 2010 Hip and Pelvis Vol.22 No.3

목적: 근력 약화로 재활치료에 어려움이 예상되거나 탈구의 고위험군 환자에 한하여 Berger가 사용하였던 두 개 절개 수술 방법을 이용하여 인공 고관절 반치환술을 시행하고 이 수술 방법의 유용성에 대해 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2005년12월부터 2007년 7월까지 새로운 수술 방법을 이용한 15명을 대상으로 하였다. 평균 연령은 75.2세 이었다. 15명 중 4명은 뇌경색 후유증인 편측 마비로 보행에 제한이 있었으며, 5명은 신경정신과적인 문제로 치료 중이었다. 수술 시간, 출혈량, 절개 길이, 수술 후 보행시작, 입원 기간, 일상 생활 회복 정도, 합병증에 대해 조사하였다. 결과: 수술 시간은 평균 93분이었다. 절개 길이는 전방 평균 6.4 cm, 후방 평균 7.2 cm이었다. 수술 중 출혈양은 평균 420 cc이었으며, 수술 후 출혈량은 평균 230 cc이었다. 보행 시작은 수술 후 평균 3.3일 (1~5일) 이었다. 입원 기간은 평균 24.3일 이었다. 15명 중 14명에서 수상 전 보행 상태를 회복하였다. 2예에서 수술 중 대퇴골 골절이 발생하여 강선을 이용하여 고정하였으며, 1예에서 전방 절개의 피부 부분 괴사가 발생하였다. 최종 추시에서 탈구나 재치환술은 없었다. 결론: 새로운 수술법은 근력의 약화가 있는 환자나 고령 환자에서 재활치료에 장점이 있었으나 긴 수술 시간과 높은 합병증은 문제점이었다. Introduction: We wanted to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar hemiarthroplasty using Berger`s two-incision surgical technique for patients with muscular weakness around the hip joint and/or a high risk of dislocation. Materials and Methods: We performed bipolar hemiarthroplasty for 15 femoral neck fractures using Berger`s two-incision technique between December 2005 and July 2007. The mean age of the patients was 75.2 years old. Four of them had difficulty in walking due to the sequalae after stroke and five have been treated for psychoneurologic disorders. We investigated the operation time, the length of the anterior and posterior incisions, the amount of bleeding, the time untill walking after the operation, the total hospital stay, the recovery to activities of daily living and the complications such as dislocation. Results: The mean operating time was 93 minutes. The average anterior and posterior skin incision length was 6.4 cm and 7.2 cm, respectively. The mean amount of bleeding was 420 cc at the time of surgery and 230 cc postoperatively through a drain. The patients started walking at a mean of 3.3 (1 to 5) days after the operation and the mean hospitalization was 24.3 days. Fourteen patients went back to their pre-injured activities of daily living, except one case with an intraoperative periprosthetic fracture. As for complications, two cases (13.3%) of femoral fracture were intraoperatively observed and one case of skin necrosis on the anterior incision site occurred. There were not any cases of dislocation or infection. Conclusion: Two-incision bipolar hemiarthroplasty had advantages for rehabilitation in elderly patients who have a high risk of dislocation, as well as in the patients with muscle weakness. But the operation took a long time and it had a high complication rate.

무역결제방식의 변화에 따른 수출보험제도의 개선방안에 관한 연구

김병학(Byung-Hak, Kim),홍길종(Gil-Jong, Hong) 한국통상정보학회 2006 통상정보연구 Vol.8 No.3

The recent trend in the payment terms of international trade shows the gradual shift toward more diversified payment methods (from L/C to not L/C) in order to cope with the increasingly dynamic international transactions in a more flexible manner. The reasons behind this recent shift are as follows: first, the global trade market is breaking away from the traditional L/C methods based on letters of credit toward a not L/C methods. nother reason for the changing trade payment methods is the increasing volume of intra transactions between headquarters and their foreign subsidiaries based on collection payment methods. Having mentioned the above problems that impede the Korean export insurance system, some suggestions can be put forward through a comparative analysis with foreign export insurance system. First, inducing private investments is one way of strengthening financial health of the KEIC. The KEIC also needs to diversify its insurance coverage adapting to the changing international trade environments.

고령 환자의 불안정 대퇴골 전자간 골절에서 시행한 무시멘트형 인공 관절 치환술

김병학(Byung-Hak Kim),정영율(Young-Yool Chung),기성찬(Sung-Chang Ki),윤대현(Dae-Hyun Yoon),류지훈(Ji-Hoon Ryu) 대한정형외과학회 2011 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.46 No.5

목적: 노인에서 발생하는 대퇴골 전자간 A2 이상의 골절에서 무시메트형 인공 고관절 치환술을 시행하고 임상적 및 방사선학적 결과를 조사하여 고령의 노인 골절에서 시행한 인공 관절 치환술의 장점과 문제점을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2006년 12월부터 2009년 6월까지 본원에서 인공 고관절 치환술을 시행한 환자 54명 54예를 대상으로 하였다. 연령은 평균 78.8세(67-93)였으며 남자 13예, 여자 41예였다. 골절은 A2.1이 17예, A2.2가 23예 그리고 A2.3가 14예였다. 45예는 보행에 제한이 없었으나, 나머지 9예는 집안에서만 보행하였으며 그 중 4예는 보행기를 이용하였다. 수술은 후와측 도달법을 이용하였으며 전 예에서 무시멘트형 대퇴골 삽입물을 이용하였다. 임상적 결과는 수술시간, 출혈양, 보행시간, 입원 기간, 보행상태, 합병증, 재수술율로 평가하였다. 방사선학적 결과는 삽입물의 고정상태, 해리로 평가하였다. 결과: 54예 중 39예에서 내과적 만성 질환을 가지고 있었으며 그 중 22예는 2가지 이상이었다. 수술은 수상 후 평균 5.5일에 시행하였으며, 수술 시간은 평균 95분이었다. 출혈양은 평균 715cc였다. 보행 시작은 수술 후 평균 5.9일에 시작하였으며, 입원 기간은 평균 19.2일이었다. 수술 후 평균 1.6년에 16예(29.6%)에서 사망하였다. 퇴원 후 추시 중 골절 전 보행 상태로 회복은 32예(59%)였으나 최종 추시에서는 25예(46%)로 감소하였다. 합병증은 심부 감염 1예, 탈구 2예, 혈종 2예였다. 재치환술은 1예였으며 심부 감염이 원인이었다. 삽입물의 해리로 인한 재치환술은 없었다. 결론: 고령의 노인에서 발생한 대퇴골 전자간 골절에서 인공 고관절 치환술은 수술 시간과 출혈양 증가의 문제점이 있었으나 조기 보행과 입원 기간 단축의 장점이 있었다. 고령의 노인 환자에서 시행하는 인공 고관절 치환술은 대퇴골 전자간 골절의 치료 방법 중 하나로 생각된다. Purpose: To evaluate the positive effects and problems through clinical and radiological results of cement less bipolar hemiarthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures above type A2 in the elderly. Materials and Methods: From December 2006 to June 2009, 54 bipolar hemiarthroplasties were performed in 54 patients in our hospital. The mean age was 78.8(67-93) years. Of these cases, 13 were male and 41 were female. The fractures were of type A2.1 in 17 cases, type A2.2 in 23 cases and type A2.3 in 14 cases. There was no walking limitation in 45 patients, but 4 of the remaining 9 patients had walking limitations and used walking aids at their residence. A posterolateral approach as well as cementless femoral stems was used in all the patients. Clinical results were evaluated according to operation time, amount of bleeding, time to resume walking, duration of hospital stay, recovery of walking ability, and complications. Prostheses loss was evaluated on the follow-up radiographs. Results: Twenty-two of 39 patients who had medical co-morbidity had more than two medical co-morbidities. Operations were performed at a mean time of 5.5 days after the fracture. The mean operation time was 95 minutes. The average total amount of bleeding was of 715cc. Patients began walking at an average of 5.9 days after operation and the average duration of hospital stay was 19.2 days. Sixteen patients (29.6%) died at an average period of 1.6 years after their operation. At the time of discharge, 32 patients (59%) had recovered walking ability, but at the last follow-up compared to the pre-injury status, the recovery rate of walking had decreased to 46% (25 patients). Complications included a deep infection in one case, dislocation in 2 cases and hematoma in 2 cases. The cause of revision was deep infection. There were no revisions due to prosthesis loosening. Conclusion: Cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly had some problems due to the prolonged operation time and increased amount of bleeding, but it also had advantages includ ing the early return to walking after the operation and decreased hospital stay. It is one of the treatment options for the elderly with unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

연구논문 : 의약화학 ; Sophoricoside의 Cyclooxygenase-2의 억제에 의한 항염증 작용

김병학 ( Byung Hak Kim ),정은영 ( Eun Yong Chung ),민보경 ( Bo Kyung Min ),이승호 ( Seung Ho Lee ),김미경 ( Mi Kyeong Kim ),민경락 ( Kyung Rak Min ),김영수 ( Young Soo Kim ) 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 2003 영남대학교 약품개발연구소 연구업적집 Vol.13 No.-

법의 지배에 관한 연구

김병학(Byung Hak Kim) 동국대학교 경영연구원 1976 경영과 사례연구 Vol.3 No.1

이공계열 대학 신입생의 기초 수학분야 학업성취도 및 효율적인 교육 방안에 대한 연구

김병학 ( Byung Hak Kim ),김재웅 ( Jae Woong Kim ),김지윤 ( Jiyun Kim ) 한국수학교육학회 2017 수학교육논문집 Vol.31 No.1

대학 입학 제도는 고등학교 교육뿐만 아니라 입학 후 전공에의 적응 및 수학능력과도 밀접한 관련이 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이와 같은 관점에서 본 논문에서는 경희대학교 국제캠퍼스 이공계열 신입생들의 주요 과목으로 공동관리 되고 있는 미분적분학1을 2006학년도부터 2016학년도까지, 선형대수학을 2011학년도부터 2016학년도까지, 그리고 미분적분학2와 미분방정식과목에 대한 2011학년도부터 2015학년도까지의 학업성취도 및 입학전형을 비교, 분석하고 이공계열 신입생들의 전공에의 적응과 학업능력신장을 위한 개선점을 제안한다. The university entrance examination in deeply related to high school education, adaptation and study ability in university. In this point of view, we investigate the scholastic achievement to the Calculus 1,2, linear algebra and differential equation from academic year 2006 to 2016. The above four subjects contain elementary and essential contents to study for science and engineering major in university. We compare and analyse the data of scholastic achievement and system of various university entrance examination, and we discuss and propose the methods of improvements for adaptation to each major field and study ability.

실무연구(實務硏究) : 불동산(不動産)에 대한 보전처분(保全處分)의 경합(競合)에 따른 등기(登記)의 효력(效力) -불동산경매절차(不動産競賣節次)와 관련하여-

김병학 ( Byung Hak Kim ) 법조협회 2014 法曹 Vol.63 No.10

민사집행법은 보전처분제도로서 가압류와 다툼의 대상에 관한 가처분 및 임시의 지위를 정하기 위한 가처분 등 3가지 종류를 규정하고 있다. 가압류는 금전채권 등의 강제집행을 보전하기 위한 것이며, 다툼의 대상에 관한 가처분은 특정물에 대한 청구권의 집행을 보전하기 위한 것이다. 임시의 지위를 정하기 위한 가처분은 다툼이 있는 권리관계에서 발생하는 현재의 위험을 제거하고 손해를 방지하여 그 권리를 보전할 것을 목적으로 한다. 부동산의 보전처분 중 가압류와 처분금지가처분의 집행은 등기부에 기록을 하도록 규정하고 있기 때문에 등기의 효력이 문제가 되는 보전처분은 가압류와 처분금지가처분이다. 보전처분의 경합에 따른 등기란 동일한 부동산 등기부에 보전처분의 등기가 2개 이상 기록되어 있음을 말한다. 이 논문에서는 보전처분의 경합에 따른 등기의 효력을 ① 가압류가 경합된 경우 ② 가처분이 경합된 경우 ③ 가압류와 가처분이 경합된 경우 등 세가지 유형로 나누어 검토하여 보았다. The preservative measure is a tentative measure that a court rules in advance of the final judgment. This is for easy execution of final judgment on rights of jurisdiction or the conflict of legal relation which are subject to civil suit. In other words, the preservative measure is a procedure to enforce restrictions, under court`s approval for the tentative state of rights on debtor`s property or rights relations, before confirmation of judgment on the merits. The enforcement of restriction is approved based on two pre-requisites; the preserved right and the necessity of the preservation. Thus, the preservative measure must follow quick and simple procedure as it is unstable by its nature and can be canceled by debtor`s objection or final judgment. Civil execution ACT stipulates that there are three kinds of preservative measure; Provisional attachment, Provisional measure on the subject of legal dispute, and Provisional measure to decide on the temporary status. First, provisional attachment aims to sustain debtor`s general property in its current value in order to proceed with future compulsory execution on monetary claims or bonds which can be converted into money. Second, provisional measure on the subject of legal dispute aims to preserve a specific matter in its current condition for creditor with claim to safely proceed with future execution of that matter. The measure prevents the creditor from high risks of not being able to exercise his/her rights due to the changes in the condition. Lastly, provisional measure to decide on the temporary status aims to eliminate the current risks that may arise and prevent any losses from conflicts within a legal relation. In short, the preservative measure is a system to establish a temporary legal relation based on an execution procedure which is independent of lawsuit on the merits. This system applies to lawsuits derived from legal relation and which are subject to civil suits. Out of the preservative measure on the real property, the execution of provisional attachment and Injunction for prohibition of disposition must be recorded on the registration book. Therefore, the provisional attachment and Injunction for prohibition of disposition fall under the cases where the validity of Registration is affected. The registration under the competition between the preservative measures means that two or more registrations have been recorded on the same registration book. In this thesis, we evaluated the validity of the registration due to the competition between preservative measures in three(3) cases; ① competition between provisional attachments ② competition between provisional measures ③ competition between provisional attachment and provisional measures.

소환시 발생되는 아황산 가스가 흰쥐 혈청 중의 효소 활성도 및 지질 함량에 미치는 영향

김해동,김병학,하헌,조수열,윤수홍,Kim, Hae-Dong,Kim, Byung-Hak,Ha, Hun,Cho, Soo-Yeul,Yoon, Soo-Hong 환경독성보건학회 1997 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.12 No.3

Recently, incidences of pulmonary-related diseases are increasing and natural ecosystem is destroyed year by year owing to air pollutions by industrial noxious gases such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide, etc. Sulfur dioxide produced by oxidation of sulfur compounds is water soluble and causes several kinds of pulmonary diseases, damaging on plants and animals. This study was undertaken to investigate effects of acute exposure of rats to sulfur dioxide using biochemical parameters. The sAST (aspartate transaminase) activity was not significantly affected but sALT (alanine transaminase), sLDH (lactate dehydrogenase) and sALP (alkaline phosphatase) activities were significantly increased by acute sulfur dioxide gas exposure. Also sulfur dioxide gas treatment significantly diminished serum cholinesterase activity. The total lipid, triglyceride, total-, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol contents were significantly increased by sulfur dioxide gas exposures. But the body and liver weight were generally diminished in comparison with control group. Our results' showed increased enzyme activities and lipid contents, but body and liver weight were all diminished by sulfur dioxide gas treatment.