시내버스 운행여건과 서비스 수준에 관한 연구 - 울산광역시 사례를 중심으로 -

김범룡,최양원,Kim, Beom-Ryong,Choi, Yang-Won 대한토목학회 2015 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.35 No.6

본 연구는 시내버스 서비스 수준을 의미하는 노선별 차량 운행대수의 영향을 미치는 운행여건과 상관성 분석에 관한 연구이다. 분석방법은 회귀분석방법을 적용하였으며, 분석대상은 울산시 2013년 기준 98개 노선으로 한정하였다. 상관성분석을 위한 모형 도출을 위해 먼저 상관분석을 실시하여 종속변수인 운행대수와 독립변수인 운행거리, 운송수입금, 운송원가간의 관계를 분석한 결과, 아주 높은 유의수분에서 상관성이 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 회귀분석은 모형을 3가지 유형으로 구분하여 실시하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫 번째 울산시 98개 버스노선 전체를 대상으로 도출한 모형은 Y(운행대수)=$-4.532+0.00002877*X_1$(운송수입금)인데, 이 의미는 운행대수 1대 증차를 위한 필요조건은 1일 승객 수가 140명 정도 증가하여야 시행할 수 있다는 점을 알려준다. 두 번째는 일반형, 좌석형, 중형으로 구분되는 버스 운행형태별 모형은 일반형의 경우 Y(운행대수)=$-10.954+0.00004283*X_1$(운송수입금), 일반형 시내버스를 1대 증차하기 위해서는 1일 승객 수가 약 153명 정도 증가되어야 시행할 수 있음을 보여주며, 중형의 모형은 Y(운행대수)=$-0.859+0.00001438*X_1$(운송수입금)인데, 이 의미는 1일 승객 수가 약 52명 정도 증가되어야 시행 가능함을 보여준다. 세 번째는 버스노선 운행체계별 모형 분석의 경우, 공동배차제의 경우 Y(운송대수)=$-4.786+0.00003028*X_1$(운송수입금)인데, 이 의미는 운행대수 1대 증차를 위한 필요조건은 1일 승객 수가 약 140명 정도 증가해야만 시행할 수 있으며, 개별노선제의 경우 Y(운행대수)=$-2.339+0.00002030*X_1$(운송수입금)인데, 이 의미는 운행대수 1대 증차를 위한 필요조건은 1일 승객수가 약 140명 정도 증가되어야 시행할 수 있음을 보여준다. 따라서 버스노선 운영체계별로 모형을 도출하여 운영체계가 시내버스 노선별 차량 운행대수에 미치는 영향을 분석한 결과, 두 가지 운영체계 모두 차량 증차를 위한 추진할 경우, 1일 승객 수가 140명 정도는 확보되어야 한다는 공통적인 결론에 도달되었으며, 노선운영체계 특성에 따른 노선별 차량 운영대수 차이는 거의 없는 것으로 분석되었다. This study made an attempt to analyse the relationship between operation environment and fleet size per route which represents the level of service for inner-city bus service. Regression analysis method has been adopted as main analysis tool and 98 routes of bus operation status in Ulsan city as of 2013 has also been selected for analysis target. Correlation analysis was performed to identify the relationship between dependent and independent variables. There are three types of model for whole sample, type operation, and bus route operation system. These are the results of the current study. 1. The model developed for whole sample of 98 routes is as follows. Y(Fleet Size)=$-4.532+0.00002877*X_1$(Revenue). This model shows that it is necessary to have more than 140 passengers per day to increase fleet size of each bus route in Ulsan. 2. Models developed by type of operation (which are standard, express, and middle sized) are shown below. Stand Bus : Y(Fleet Size)=$-10.954+0.00004283*X_1$(Revenue). It is identified that more than 153 passengers need to use standard bus to increase fleet size per each standard bus, Middle Sized Bus : Y(Fleet Size)=-0.859+0.00001438*X1(Revenue). For middle sized bus, at least 52 daily passengers are needed to increase number of bus in each route. 3. Models developed for each route operation systems are as belows. Joint Operation Group : Y(Fleet Size)=$-4.786+0.00003028*X_1$(Revenue). Individual Operation Group : Y(Fleet Size)=$-2.339+0.00002030*X_1$(Revenue). These model provide similar result which 140 people is the minimum number of passenger to raise the number of vehicles in each route. This result shows that the route operation systems does not affect the raise number of cars significantly.

하네스를 착용한 상하지 협응 패턴운동이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 보행능력과 균형능력에 미치는 영향

김범룡,방대혁,봉순녕,Kim, Beom-Ryong,Bang, Dae-Hyouk,Bong, Soon-Young 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2015 PNF and Movement Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The current study seeks to examine the effect of coordinative pattern exercises of the upper and lower extremities using harnesses and walking rails on the walking and balance abilities of chronic stroke patients, and to develop effective programs and training methods to improve the functions of such patients. Methods: Subjects included 16 patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke. The subjects were randomly divided into an experimental group (n=8), on which coordinative pattern exercises of the upper and lower extremities were conducted, and a comparison group (n=8) that received typical exercise therapy. The experimental group underwent 30 minutes of typical exercise therapy and 30 minutes of coordinative pattern exercises of the upper and lower extremities, while the comparison group underwent typical exercise therapy for 30 minutes twice a day, five days per week for a six-week period. To evaluate walking ability, 10-m walking tests (10MWT) and 6-m walking tests (6MWT) were conducted. To assess balance ability, timed up and go tests (TUG) were performed. Results: After the intervention, significant (p<0.05) differences were seen in the 10MWT, 6MWT, and TUG in both the experimental and comparison groups. As for the 10MWT, the experimental group showed more significant improvement than the comparison group (p<0.05). In terms of the 6MWT, no significant differences were found between the groups, while the experimental group showed more significant differences than the comparison group in the TUG (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results from the current research indicate that training programs that apply coordinative pattern exercises of the upper and lower extremities with harnesses are extremely effective for improving the walking and balance abilities of chronic stroke patients.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 넙다리뒤근 신장 기법이 만성허리통증환자의 통증과 엉덩관절 가동범위에 미치는 영향

김범룡(Beom-ryong Kim),이혜진(Hye-jin Lee) 한국여성체육학회 2020 한국여성체육학회지 Vol.34 No.1

점진적 과제지향 다리근력운동이 만성뇌졸중 환자의 폐 기능과 보행지구력 및 일상생활수행능력에 미치는 영향

김범룡(Beom-Ryong Kim),강태우(Tae-Woo Kang) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2020 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of progressive task-oriented lower extremity strength exercise (PTLESE) on the pulmonary function, gait endurance, and activities of daily living in patients with chronic stroke. Methods : Ten patients with chronic stroke volunteered for this study. The PTLESE was performed for 30 minutes per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Pulmonary function was measured using spirometry. Gait endurance was assessed using a six-minute walk test. The Korean version of a modified Barthel Index was conducted to measure activities of daily living. A paired t-test was performed to compare within-group changes before and after the PTLESE. Results : After the exercise, there was a significant within-group change in pulmonary function, gait endurance, and activities of daily living (p < 0 .05) . Conclusion : Application of PTLESE may be favorable for patients with chronic stroke, considering its effects on pulmonary function, gait endurance, and activities of daily living.

가로막 강화 운동이 만성 허리통증 환자의 폐 기능과 통증 및 장애 수준에 미치는 영향

김범룡(Beom-Ryong Kim),강태우(Tae-Woo Kang) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2021 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose : In this study, we investigated the effects of a diaphragm-strengthening exercise on pulmonary function, pain, and disability level in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods : A total of 10 patients with CLBP were enrolled in this study. These patients performed diaphragm-strengthening exercise for 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. We measured pulmonary function using spirometry, assessed CLBP using a visual analog scale, and measured disability level using Korean Oswestry disability index. We used paired t test to compare within-group changes before and after the diaphragm-strengthening exercise. Results : After the exercise, a significant within-group change occurred in pulmonary function, pain, and disability level (p < 0.05). Conclusion : The application of a diaphragm-strengthening exercise can be used for patients with CLBP, considering its positive effects on pulmonary function, pain, and disability level.

PNF의 CI기법과 스포츠테이핑이 팔꿉관절 가쪽위관절염 환자의 통증과 악력에 미치는 영향

송명수,김범룡,강미경,Song, Myung-Soo,Kim, Beom-Ryong,Kang, Mi-Gyeong 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2016 PNF and Movement Vol.14 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of the simultaneous application of the combination of isotonics (CI) in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) and sport taping on the pain and grip strength of patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis among H badminton club members and to provide intervention methods for lateral epicondylitis. Methods: The subjects included 10 patients diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis. The CI technique in PNF as well as sport taping were applied to the subjects five times per week for two weeks. The visible analogue scale (VAS) was used to measure decreasing changes in pain, and a grip dynamometer was used to measure grip strength (GS). Paired sample t-tests were conducted to compare values measured before and after the experiment in order to determine differences. Results: The intensities of pain of the experimental groups changed significantly between the times before and after the experiment (p<0.05), and grip strength also changed significantly from the time before after the experiment (p<0.05). Conclusion: When the CI technique of PNF as well as sport taping were applied to patients with lateral epicondylitis, the patients showed significant improvements in pain and grip strength. Since the intervention had quite positive effects on the subjects that complained of lateral epicondylitis by reducing their pain and increasing their grip strength, studies of efficient exercise interventions will be continuously conducted to propose the development of intervention programs.

뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능과 일상생활수행능력 향상을 위한 고유수용성신경근촉진법 적용: 증례보고

송명수,김범룡,Song, Myung-Soo,Kim, Beom-Ryong 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2015 PNF and Movement Vol.13 No.3

Purpose: The current study (case report) seeks to examine the effects of a proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) exercise program on the upper extremity function and activities of daily living (ADLs) in a stroke patient. Methods: The subject was a 42 year-old woman diagnosed with right-sided hemiplegia due to stroke. Exercise therapy was provided for 50 minutes per day (5-minute warm-up, 40-minute exercise, 5-minute wrap-up) three times per week for a four-week period. The manual function test (MFT) was used to evaluate upper extremity functions. The modified Barthel index (MBI) was utilized to measure ADL. Results: After intervention using various PNF program, the MFT score increased from 23 to 26 and the MBI score increased from 62 to 66. Conclusion: After the application of the PNF program, the MFT and MBI scores increased. As compensative movement of the upper extremities declined, the movement of the upper extremities became faster and softer.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 손목테이핑 처치 전 율동적 안정 기법이 손목통증환자의 통증과 악력에 미치는 영향

김창헌,김범룡,강미경,Kim, Chang-Heon,Kim, Beom-Ryong,Kang, Mi-Gyeong 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2016 PNF and Movement Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) wrist taping, after the application of a rhythmic stabilization (RS) technique, on the decrease of pain and the increase of grip strength in physical therapists who complained of wrist pain and to provide basic data on interventions for wrist pain patients. Methods: The subjects were 15 peoples in their 20s who complained of pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS) at five points or higher due to overuse of their wrists. They were randomly assigned to a control group, to which PNF wrist taping was applied after stretching (n=7), or to an experimental group (n=8), to which PNF wrist taping was applied after application of the RS technique of PNF. The experiment was conducted for four weeks, five times per week. VAS was measured in order to measure pain decrease, and grip strength (GS) was measured using a dynamometer. In order to compare within-group differences before and after the intervention, a paired t-test was performed, and in order to compare differences between the two groups, the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. All statistically significant levels were set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: There were significant differences in changes of VAS and GS within each group before and after the intervention (p<0.01), but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: This study applied PNF wrist taping after the application of stretching or PNF RS to patients who complained of pain beyond a sense of discomfort; these interventions resulted in a decrease in pain and an increase in the grip strength of the subjects. Taping and therapeutic techniques using PNF are considered to be usefully applied as one of the programs to improve wrist pain patients' pain and grip strength.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 아래다리 테이핑적용과 트레드밀 훈련이 뇌졸중 환자의 보행능력과 균형능력에 미치는 영향

정왕모,김범룡,강미경,Jeong, Wang-Mo,Kim, Beom-Ryong,Kang, Mi-Gyeong 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2016 PNF and Movement Vol.14 No.2

Purpose: The purpose of this study was both to examine the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) lower leg taping and treadmill training on the gait and balance abilities of patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke and to provide a taping method based on the PNF concept. Methods: Twenty patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke were randomly and equally assigned to a control group (n=10), which received treadmill training, and to an experimental group (n=10), which received PNF lower leg taping and treadmill training. The intervention was conducted five times per week for six weeks. In order to measure changes in the gait ability of the subjects, a 10-meter walking test (10MWT) and a 6-minute walking test (6MWT) were conducted, and in order to measure changes in the subjects' balance ability, a timed up and go test (TUG) was performed. In order to compare differences within each group before and after the intervention, a paired-t test was carried out, and in order to compare differences between the two groups, the analysis of covariance was utilized. All statistical significance levels were set at ${\alpha}=0.05$. Results: There were significant differences before and after the intervention within both groups in changes of 10MWT, 6MWT, and TUG (p<0.01). Regarding differences between the two groups, the experimental group underwent more effective changes than the control group in 6MWT and TUG (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study applied PNF lower leg taping and treadmill training to patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke, and this resulted in improvement in the subjects' gait and balance abilities. Taping and treadmill training based on the PNF concept is considered to be usefully applied as one of the programs to improve hemiplegic patients' gait and balance abilities.

고유수용성신경근촉진법 복부강화훈련이 만성허리통증환자의 균형능력과 통증에 미치는 영향

김창헌,김범룡,Kim, Chang-Heon,Kim, Beom-Ryong 대한고유수용성신경근촉진법학회 2017 PNF and Movement Vol.15 No.2

Purpose: This study attempts to identify the effects of abdominal strength training using proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the balance ability and pain level of patients with chronic lower back pain. Methods: A total of 30 patients with chronic lower back pain were randomly divided into either experimental group I (n=10), who received abdominal strength training using PNF, experimental group II (n=10), who received abdominal strengthening training, or the control group (n=10), who received conventional physiotherapy. The interventions were applied three times a week for six weeks. We measured Berg's balance scale (BBS) in order to investigate the change in balance ability, while we measured the visible analogue scale (VAS) to determine the severity of pain. We conducted a paired t-test to compare the within-group change before and after the intervention. For the comparison of the between-group difference, we used a one-way ANOVA test. Tukey's test was used as a post hoc test. The statistical significance level was set at ${\alpha}=0.05$ for all the variables. Results: Experimental group I and experimental group II showed a significant within-group change in BBS (p<0.01). A statistically significant between-group difference was observed in terms of the change in BBS (p<0.01). According to the results of the post hoc Tukey test, experimental group I and experimental group II showed a more effective change in BBS than the control group. Experimental group I, experimental group II, and the control group all showed a significant within-group change in the VAS (p<0.01). There was a statistically significant between-group difference in terms of the change in the VAS (p<0.01). According to the results of the post hoc Tukey test, the change in the VAS was more effective in experimental group I than in experimental group II and the control group. Conclusion: In this study, the application of abdominal strength training using PNF for subjects who complained of chronic lower back pain proved effective in improving their balance ability and reducing pain. We therefore believe that this training method could be applied as a useful program for patients with chronic lower back pain.