피아노와 근대 -초기 한국 피아노음악의 사회사

김미현 ( Mi Hyun Kim ) 한국음악학학회 2010 음악학 Vol.18 No.2

이 논문에서 연구자는 근대 피아노문화를 사회사적 관점에서 살펴보고자 한다. 근대시기 피아노는 한국 근대음악의 표상으로 등장했고, 피아노음악은 문명화된 신문화로 뿌리내렸다. 피아노는 1910년 경 근대식 학교를 통해 등장했는데, 초기 피아니스트로는 김영환 · 박경호 · 정애식 · 김메리 · 김원복 · 이애내 · 김영의 등이 존재했다. 이들은 주로 선교사들에 의해서 세워진 교회 및 근대식 학교를 통해 음악 입문 및 수학을 이루었고, 그 후에 본격적인 피아노 수학을 위해서 일본과 미국, 나아가 독일 유학을 감행했다. 이 시기 피아니스트들의 음악활동으로는 연주와 반주가 지배적이었다. 박경호 · 김영의 등이 독주회를 연 바 없지 않으나, 선교 · 음악 보급 · 단체 후원 · 기념 등의 다양한 목적을 위해서 옴니버스식의 연주회가 즐겨 이루어졌다. 또한 피아노는 성악 및 기악 연주회의 반주를 책임지는 경우가 많았는데, 그것은 이 시기 피아노가 독주악기로서 보다 반주악기로서의 기능이 훨씬 더 우세했던 것을 반영한다. 피아노 독주를 위한 레퍼토리는 주로 서양의 고전 · 낭만시기에 한정되었다. 모차르트 · 베토벤 · 멘델스존 · 슈만 · 쇼팽 · 브람스 등의 작곡가들의 곡들이 지배적이었기 때문이다. 이들의 낭만적인 음악은 각종 콩쿠르의 지정곡으로 제시됨으로써 레퍼토리의 표준화를 강화시켰다. 낭만적인 음악은 물론, 낭만주의 미학관을 수용한 당대 피아니스트는 식민지 조선의 현실에도 불구하고, 이상적인 세계를 꿈꾸었다. 그러한 문명국에 대한 그들의 환상과 인식은 초기 서양 선교사들이 가졌던 오리엔탈리즘과도 무관하지 않다. 또한 근대시기는 문명적인 것, 곧 ‘깨끗하고 순수함’이 음악에서 순수음악주의를 낳았다. 김영환 · 김메리 · 김애리시 · 윤기성 · 박경호 등 많은 피아니스트들은 유행가나 재즈의 도덕 · 윤리적 저급성에 문제를 제기했다. 그러나 그들의 순수음악주의는 식민지 조선의 역사적 현실 앞에서는 둔감했다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the modern piano culture in Korea from the historical perspective. The piano had emerged as a symbol of modern music and the piano music rooted as a civilized new culture in Korea in the early twentieth century. The piano was brought in through the modernized school around 1910 and the following pianists were representative of the pianist in the early stage: Young-Hwan Kim, Kyung-Ho Park, Ae-Sik Jung, Mery Kim, Won-Bok Kim, Ae-Nae Lee, and Yung-Eui Kim. The pianists in the early twentieth century in Korea mostly encountered and learned the Western music through the churches and modernized schools built by missionaries. For a full-fledged study, they took decisive actions to go abroad to Japan, America, and even to Germany. The dominant musical activities of the pianist in this era were performing as a soloist and playing as an accompanist. Even though some pianists such as Kyung-Ho Park and Young-Eui Kim performed piano solo recitals, omnibus style concerts were much more popular; there were lots of omnibus style concerts for various purposes such as missionary, music distribution, group sponsor, and commemoration. In addition, many pianists had appeared as an accompanist for the vocal and instrumental concert in many occasions. It reflects the fact that the piano in this era functioned much more as an accompanying instrument than as a solo instrument. Solo piano repertoires in this era were limited in the Western Classical and Romantic period; such as the music of Mozart, Beethoven, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Chopin and Brahms. These composers` romantic music intensified the standardization of the repertoire by being presented as an assigned piece for various competitions. Pianists in this era, who embraced the romantic aesthetic as well as the romantic music, dreamed of an ideal world despite the reality of a colonial Chosun. Their illusion and recognition over a civilization has some kind of relationship to Orientalism, which the early Western missionaries had. In addition, the civilization of the modernity, “being clean and pure”, caused an attention to a “Pure Music” in the music. Many pianists including Young-Hwan Kim, Mery Kim, Ae-Lee-Si Kim, Ki-Sung Yun and Kyung-Ho Park raised a question over the low morality and ethicality of the popular songs and jazz music. However, their “Pure Music” was insensitive to the historical reality of the colonial Chosun.

여대생의 부모 동거 여부에 따른 영양 상태 및 식사의 질 평가

김미현,이재철,배윤정,조혜경,김명희,김은영,홍원주,승정자,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Lee, Jae-Cheol,Bae, Yun-Jung,Cho, Hye-Kyung,Kim, Myung-Hee,Kim, Eun-Young,Hong, Won-Ju,Sung, Chung-Ja 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.6

This study was to analyzed the quality of the meal and the level of nutritional intake in female college students according to the place of residence in female college students. This survey was conducted through questionnaire was given to 359 female students. The subjects were divided into two groups : one group was comprised of those the students who resided in a self-boarding house(SB group, n=245), and the other group comprised of was the student those who resided in the same house with their parents(HWP group, n=114). The mean age of the subjects were 21.6 years old(SB) and 20.6 years old(HWP)(p<0.05). The average height, weight and BMI were 161.8 cm, 57.9 kg, $20.3kg/m^2$ in the SB group and 161.9 cm, 53.4 kg, $20.3kg/m^2$ in HWP group, respectively. The SB group had significantly higher frequency of skipping breakfast and alcohol drinking consumption than the HWP group. There was no significant differences in the mean daily energy intakes between the SB and the HWP groups. However, the plant protein(p<0.01), carbohydrate (p<0.05), vitamin $B_1$(p<0.01), vitamin $B_2$(p<0.05), vitamin C(p<0.01), plant calcium(p<0.01) and potassium(p<0.05) intakes were significantly lower in the SB group were lower than the intakes in the HWP group significantly. And in addition, the cereals(p<0.05) and fruits(p<0.001) intakes in the SB group were significantly lower than the intakes in the HWP group. There was no significant differences in the KDDS and DVS between the two groups, but there was a decreasing trending downward. For that reason, the SB students seemed appeared to have more dietary problems than the HWP students. These results suggest that nutritional education for SB students are is needed in order to supply the lack of management capability on the proper help improve the diet of students living in independently life.

어린이급식관리지원센터의 예산규모에 따른 유아 당류 영양교육 실태 및 요구도

김미현,연지영,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Yeon, Jee-Young 한국식품영양학회 2018 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.31 No.4

This study investigated the current status and needs of nutrition education to help reduce children's sugars intake, according to the annual budget of the Center for Children's Foodservice Management (CCFM). Through an online survey conducted in October 2015, the 115 CCFMs participated in this survey and they were divided into the following three groups according to the annual project budget: 1~2 million won (${\leq}2M$; n=25), 3~4 million won (3~4 M; n=60), and 5 million and over won (${\geq}5M$; n=30). A total of 8.0% of the ${\leq}2M$ group respondents provided nutrition education on the sugars intake to young children as a main topic, which was significantly lower than those of the 3~4 M(16.7%) and ${\geq}5M$ (16.7%) groups (p<0.05). The most common reasons given for not delivering nutrition education on sugars were "insufficient nutrition education information and materials" for the ${\leq}2M$ (47.1%), and "more urgent nutrition education topics than that" for the 3~4 M (66.7%) and ${\geq}5M$ (50.0%). The percentage of nutrition education on children's sugars intake provided to their parents was low, showing about 8% in the ${\leq}2M$ group, 28.3% in the 3~4 M group and 23.3% in the ${\geq}5M$ group (p<0.05). However, more than 90% of the respondents answered providing nutrition education on sugars intake reduction to children was needed regardless of the annual project budget. The results indicate a great need for the development and dissemination of standardized educational programs about children's sugars intake in order to provide a leveled education program regardless of the project budget, and to solve the difficulties of development and operation of nutrition educational programs due to a lack of budget and human resources of CCFMs with less annual project budget to manage the projects.

발효 천마 에탄올 추출물의 생리활성 검정

김미현,Kim, Mi Hyun 한국식품영양학회 2014 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.27 No.5

This study was carried out to analyze the differences in p-hydroxylbenzyl alcohol (HBA) content, antitumor and anti-obesity activities and tyrosinase inhibitory activity between non-fermented G. elata (NFGP) and fermented G. elata powder. The HBA content, which is an index-component of G. elata decreased from 1.58 mg/g before fermentation to 1.07, 0.32, and 0.13 mg/g after the $1^{st}$ fermentation ($1^{st}$ FGP), $2^{nd}$ fermentation ($2^{nd}$ FGP) and $3^{rd}$ fermentation ($3^{rd}$ FGP), respectively. The anti-proliferation effects on the cell lines HT29 and AGS were significantly higher for the fermented G. elata than the NFGP. The antitumor activity was also increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. During adipocyte differentiation, the ethanol extract of the $3^{rd}$ FGP inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells significantly better than NFGP and the $1^{st}$ FGP, treated at the concentration of $10{\mu}g/mL$. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the $2^{nd}$ FGP at $600{\mu}g/mL$ over was higher than that of kojic acid. At the concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity was increased in a fermentation number-dependent manner. From these results, the fermented G. elata, especially the $3^{rd}$ FGP, is expected to be good candidate for the development of functional food and agents with antitumor, anti-obesity, and tyrosinase inhibitory potential.

한국 성인 여자에서 복부비만에 따른 만성질환 위험 비교 - 2013~2014년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 -

김미현,Kim, Mi Hyun 한국식품영양학회 2016 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.29 No.6

This study was conducted to investigate the risk of chronic disease as predicted by abdominal obesity in Korean adult females. Data on 2,738 adult females aged 40~64 yrs was obtained from the 2013~2014 Korean National Health Nutrition Examination Survey. The subjects were divided into normal (n=1,835), abdominal obesity (AO, n=73), and BMI-diagnosed abdominal obesity (BMI-AO, n=505) groups based on the NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the KSSO definition regarding waist circumference. Triglyceride blood levels, fasting blood sugar levels, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the AO and BMI-AO groups than in the normal group. The HDL-cholesterol levels of subjects in the two abdominal groups were lower as compared to those of subjects in the normal group. The mean adequacy ratio was lower among subjects in the AO and BMI-AO groups than among those in the normal group. Moreover, the NAR and INQ scores of some micro-nutrients in both of the abdominal obesity groups were lower than those in the normal group. Both the AO and BMI-AO groups showed significantly higher risks of hypertriglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, hypoHDL-cholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome than were shown by the normal group. Notably, as compared to the normal group, the AO group showed higher risk of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDL-cholesterolemia, hypertriglycemia, and metabolic syndrome than did the BMI-AO group. This finding suggests that it is essential to develop prevention programs including programs for those with abdominal obesity despite their having a BMI within the normal range.

유아용 당류 섭취 줄이기 교육프로그램 개발 및 효과평가

김미현,김남희,연지영,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Kim, Nam-Hee,Yeon, Jee-Young 한국식품영양학회 2018 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.31 No.3

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a sugars intake reduction program (SIRP) that was designed to increase the knowledge, attitude, and skills of Korean children aged 5 years regarding sugars intake reduction. A total of 101 children aged 5~6 years from 6 preschools participated in SIRP. SIRP consisted of 4 sessions including 10 activities (e.g., story-telling, arts, experiment, checking nutrition facts, pledge), delivered to children at preschools by nutritionists over a one-month period. Three letters were sent to parents throughout the program to inform them of the children's activities at the preschools and to provide additional information on reducing children's sugars intake. A total of 90 children completed the program; 83 parents of these children completed the SIRP evaluation survey. The children's sugars intake reduction score was significantly increased after attending SIRP. Teachers (n=6) who participated in this program agreed to improve their students' attitudes on reducing sugars intake and to decrease students' behaviors related to sugars intake. Parents agreed to improve their children's attitude on reducing sugars intake and to decrease children's behaviors related to sugars intake. The outcome showed SIRP improved participants' attitudes towards sugars reduction and increased the skills to reduce the sugars intake of children aged 5~6 years. Future studies should examine whether SIRP reduces actual sugars intake among children.

성인 남자에서 영양교육 경험에 따른 영양소 섭취 상태와 대사성 위험 - 2016~2017년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 -

김미현,Kim, Mi Hyun 한국식품영양학회 2019 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.32 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine the association nutrition education experience in regards to metabolic risk and nutrition intake in Korean adult male using the 2016~2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as the reference. The study involved a total of 1,978 male subjects aged 40~64 who were classified into the 2 groups based on their nutrition education experience: Educated group (n=88) and non-educated group (n=1,890). The household income and education level of educated group were higher than those of the non-educated group. The two groups showed no significant difference in the level of fasting blood sugar, blood lipid profile including total cholesterol and triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, and hypertension. Vitamin C intake of the educated group (127.5 mg) was higher compared to the non-educated group (88.2 mg) (p<0.05). The percentage of the subjects utilizing nutritional labels was higher in the educated group. The nutrition education experience was inversely proportional to lower Odds Ratio in hyperLDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.84) and HypoHDL-cholesterolemia (OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.37, 0.87). This result indicates that nutritional education can be used as an effective tool to avert chronic diseases and develop healthy eating habits.

인천지역 일부 중학생의 스마트기기 사용시간에 따른 식습관 및 식사의 질 평가

김미현,이슬기,연지영,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Lee, Seul-Ki,Yeon, Jee-Young 대한영양사협회 2020 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary quality and smart device use among middle school students. A total of 330 middle school students (171 boys and 159 girls) residing in Incheon participated in this questionnaire survey in June 2018. The boys and girls were divided into two groups according to their daily use time of smart devices: less than 3 hours a day (<3 hours) and 3 hours or more a day (≥3 hours). Eating habits and dietary quality were assessed using a nutrition quotient for adolescents (NA-Q). For boys and girls, higher consumption frequency of white milk was significantly associated with less time spent using a smart device. For boys, a higher number of vegetable dishes and eating frequency of breakfast were significantly associated with the less time spent using a smart device. For girls, higher consumption frequency of processed beverages, ramyeon, and street foods was significantly associated with more time spent using a smart device. For boys and girls, those who spent more time using a smart device had significantly lower NA-Q scores, indicating low dietary quality. To sum up, more time spent using a smart device among middle school students may be associated with lower dietary quality. These results suggest the need to provide a nutrition education program and guidelines to students who use smart devices for a long time.

성인 여자에서 달걀 섭취량에 따른 만성질환 위험 비교 - 2013년 국민건강영양조사 자료 -

김미현,Kim, Mi Hyun 한국식품영양학회 2018 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

The aim of this study was to examine the association between egg consumption and the risk of chronic disease in Korean adult females using the 2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 1,230 subjects aged 40~64 were classified into the 4 groups according to the number of egg consumed per week: <1, 1~2.9, 3~5, ${\geq}5.1$ As egg consumption increased, the intake of energy, protein, fiber, cholesterol, calcium, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C increased. The percentage of the subjects with lower intake of energy, protein, calcium, iron, vitamin A, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C than the estimated average requirement in the <1 group were the highest among the groups. The blood lipid profile including total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol was not significantly different among the 4 egg groups. The higher egg consumption was inversely related to a lower odds ratio of metabolic syndrome, hypertriglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypoHDL-cholesterolemia, and hypertension. This result indicates that egg consumption does not elevate the plasma cholesterol level and has a beneficial effect of decreasing the risk of chronic disease. (175)

폐경 여성의 갱년기 증상에 따른 영양소, 식물성 에스트로겐 및 식품 종류별 섭취 비교

김미현,배윤정,Kim, Mi-Hyun,Bae, Yun-Jung 동아시아식생활학회 2006 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.16 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between climacteric symptoms and intakes of various nutrients, phytoestrogens and foods in postmenopausal women. We conducted anthropometric measurements, questionnaire interview and 24hr dietary recall for 3 days in 128 postmenopausal women aged $49{\sim}64$. The subjects were divided into the two groups, NCMS(non climacteric symptoms group) and CMS(climacteric symptoms group), according to the severity of the climacteric symptoms. There were no significant difference in anthropometric measurements, maternal factors(menarche age, menopause age), subjective health status, frequency of exercise, smoking and drinking status between the two groups. The Mg and lignan precusor intakes of the NCMS group were significantly higher than those of the CMS group. Mg, lignan precusor, pulse and seed intakes had negative correlations with the severity of climacteric symptoms. From this study results, Mg, phytoestrogen(especially some lignan) and some food groups like as pulse and seeds may prevent and reduce climacteric symptoms in postmenopausal women.