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김묵한 ( Mook Han Kim ),정병순 ( Byeong Sun Jeong ),장윤희 ( Yoon Hyi Jang ) 서울시정개발연구원 2010 연구보고서 Vol.2010 No.30
Going green has become the mainstream of the times. Climate change, value change, and market change in terms of going green have been transforming the world capitalism, and the whole green economy movements have driven the rapid growth of green industries nowadays. Korea participated in this mega-trend by announcing ``green growth`` as its own version of green economy promotion strategy, and Seoul has tried to find green opportunities within the frame of green growth as the biggest municipality in Korea. However, it is hard to find the current conditions and prospects of Seoul`s competitiveness in green industries based on fact and evidence. Splendid outlooks on green industries do not always guarantee the success of the promotion of green industries, since unique market and industrial conditions of Seoul also have enormous impacts on the destiny of green industries in Seoul. From this standpoint, this study had three objectives to tackle. First, we examined the very relevance of GT-based new growth engines to the current industrial structure of Seoul. Second, we tried to identify a subset of the whole universe of sub-sectors of GT-based new growth engines, if any. Finally, we aimed at suggesting overall basic directions and policy suggestions for the promotion of GT-based new growth engines in Seoul. We started from a literature review on the backgrounds of national initiatives of low-carbon green growth and new growth engines, and on the relationships between them. Clarification of vague concepts such as green technology, green industries, and green technology industries has been performed, and an operational definition of ``GT-based new growth engines`` has been suggested as green technology industries in the framework of the ``new growth engines`` initiative. Then, we explored the current market and industrial conditions and prospects of GT-based new growth engines. Not all sub-sectors of the green technology industries are well-fitted to Seoul, in terms of both market and industrial structures. ``High-tech green city`` is the only sub-sector that seems to be fit in Seoul very well in both sides, and ``carbon reduction energy`` is the worst one. Other 4 sub-sectors show mixed results, but basically the market side of Seoul as the largest metropolis in Korea gives them promising future prospects, in spite of their rather weak industrial competitiveness. In Seoul, green technology industries are mainly located in the South-West Zone and North-West Zone of Seoul. The South-West Zone are dominated with small and medium-sized manufacturing firms, and the North-West Zone tends to be populated with headquarters and rather big firms in emerging green technology industries. Again, ``high-tech green city`` sub-sector is the only dominant sub-sectors in both Zones. In search of insights on the policies for the promotion of green technology industries at the scale of metropolitan area, metropolitan plans for green economy/green industries of top 10 world cities have been analyzed. From the comparative analysis with climate action plans of those world cities, we found that world cities tend to focus on a subset of green industries with competitive edge for them, and to establish a dedicated organization/institution to deal with the promotion policies continuously and coherently. We finally suggested basic directions and policy suggestions for the promotion of green technology industries in Seoul. As basic directions, we have suggested the promotion policies based on the focused selection and prioritization of green industries, the establishment of a dedicated support mechanism, and the convergence between available industrial/innovation policies and environmental policies now. To each direction, a few practical suggestions have been added as examples and explanations.
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특 집 논 문 : 소유의 공유, 공유의 소유 -공유도시의 명암에 대한 시론
김묵한 ( Mook Han Kim ) 서울시립대학교 도시인문학연구소 2015 도시인문학연구 Vol.7 No.2
이 논문은 최근 급성장하고 있는 공유경제의 특성을 개괄하고, 공유경제의 확산에 따라 등장하고 있는 다양한 비판을 검토하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이어 이러한 고찰을 바탕으로 공유경제의 장소로 부상하는 도시에서 도시정부의 역할을 제안한다. 지금-여기 공유경제는 잉여자원을 나눠쓴다는 면에서 전통적인 형태의 공유경제와 공통점이 있다. 하지만 평판 시스템을 내재한 디지털 플랫폼을 통해 지리적, 사회적 제한을 넘어 이방인 간의 공유를 실현하였다는 점에서 지인과의 연줄망에 의지했던 예전의 공유경제와는 근본적인 차이가 있다. 새로운 경제 패러다임이라는 주장에도 불구하고 공유경제가 번성하는 분야는 아직까지는 다소 제한적이다. 공유경제는 보다 공정하고, 효율적이며, 환경 친화적이라는 인식이 널리 퍼져있지만, 아직 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 증거는 충분치 않다. 오히려 최근에는 공유경제가 기존 규제나 제도의 빈틈을 통해 성장하고 있다는 보다 근본적인 비판이 힘을 얻고 있다. 공유경제 모델을 무비판적으로 받아들이기 보다는 다양한 공유경제의 형태를 검토하고 어떤 공유경제가 보다 나은 형태인지 추려낼 필요가 있다. 도시는 이러한 지금-여기 공유경제의 장소로서 다양한 공유경제의 실험이 이루어지는 곳이다. 때문에 도시정부는 다양한 공유경제의 실험을 허용하되, 이를 통해 좋은 공유경제의 비전을 정립하는 한편 지속적으로 이에 부응하는 정책적 대안을 마련하고 개선하는 것이 바람직하다. This study aims to summarize characteristics of the sharing economy rapidly growing, and to review its various critiques, appearing after its expansion. Based on this contemplation, the role of city governments is suggested at the cities as emerging places of the sharing economy. Now-here sharing economy is similar to the traditional form of sharing economy, since it shares surpluses among people. However, it is radically different from old one depending on networks among acquaintances, since it realizes sharing among strangers through digital platforms in which reputation systems are embedded. In spite of the argument that the sharing economy is a new economic paradigm, sectors in which the sharing economy prospers are rather limited until now. The widespread perception that the sharing economy is fairer, more efficient and more sustainable is not supported enough by evidences yet. More fundamental critique of the sharing economy, pointing out that its growth is actually based on the loopholes in given regulations and institutions, gains momentum nowadays. Therefore, it is necessary not to accept the sharing economy model unquestioningly, but to look through varied forms of the sharing economy and to sort out the better ones. Cities are places of the now-here sharing economy and of various experiments of the sharing economy. It is desirable for city governments to allow diverse experiments of the sharing economy, to build better visions of it, and to make and improve policy alternatives meeting the visions consistently.
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김묵한(Mook-Han Kim),김범식(Bum-Sik Kim),임현규(Hyunkyu Lim),장윤희(Yoon Hyi Jang) 서울연구원 2013 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
Youth unemployment problem has become a worldwide crisis in the last decade, and youth entrepreneurship has been one of many feasible solutions of the problem. Seoul is not an exception to this harsh reality. As a major metropolis in Korea, the youth unemployment rate is even higher than that of South Korea as a whole. Seoul has been building its own publicly-subsidized entrepreneurship ecosystem to the youth. However, as private entrepreneurship ecosystem in Seoul manifests, the old entrepreneurship ecosystem based on the vertical integration of policy packages in a few large startup incubators is losing its validity and showing its limitations. To find out the new paradigm for the existing model, this study searches for the new ‘social’ trends in the youth entrepreneurship scene, which prove their values in startup ecosystems around the world nowadays. 10 inter-related trends in social entrepreneurship processes have been identified in 4 different policy areas. In education, the education of entrepreneurship in universities and institutions, and that of entrepreneurship in social economy are distinct features. Mentoring and regular group networking become popular in information exchange. Coworking space, digital production workshop, accelerator, and the recycling of underused spaces are major innovations in providing spaces for entrepreneurs. Crowdfunding and new investments from private sectors for societal purposes have been changing how start-ups raise the funds in entrepreneurship financing. To invigorate the youth entrepreneurship in Seoul, current vertical integration model of the youth entrepreneurship policy 1.0 has to be changed to the youth entrepreneurship policy 2.0 of a mix-and-match model, which allows a more open startup ecosystem through the utilization of soft social platforms and the collaboration of diverse private stakeholders. In each of 4 policy areas of youth entrepreneurship - education, information, space, funding, identified trends of social entrepreneurship process should be grafted onto the existing policy regime of youth entrepreneurship.
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김묵한(Mook-Han Kim),김민경(Min-Kyeong Kim),장윤희 서울연구원 2011 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
ESCO(Energy Service Company) industry plays a key role in finding, financing, and performing energy efficiency projects that create profits by measuring, validating and enhancing energy consuming performance of specific organizations and buildings. Along with global trends of sustainability and energy efficiency, ESCO has become a burgeoning new industry in many megacities, including Seoul. However, the industry has been suffered from the barriers of energy efficiency gap, and a well-tuned set of public policies based on local particularities are needed for further development. This study has analyzed (1) industrial structure of ESCO industry in Seoul (2) energy saving potentials as a potential market for ESCO industry by building groups selected by policy needs, and (3) policy demands from ESCO companies and potential customers. ESCO industry consists of tightly-related groups of industries, needs public policies for the development of niche markets, and generates policy demands to solve information diseconomies. Four policy directions have been identified. First, the current education and marketing program should be reinforced to solve the disinformation problem. Second, policy tools to support smaller projects should be introduced such as bundling and process simplification. Third, ESCO-related standards and specification of Seoul should be more compatible to national ones, so can create more synergetic connections. Finally, policies for ESCO industry would rather be related to existing industrial polices in general, and to policies for ‘green industries’ in particular.
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