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김묵한(Mook-Han Kim),김범식(Bum-Sik Kim),임현규(Hyunkyu Lim),장윤희(Yoon Hyi Jang) 서울연구원 2013 서울연구원 정책과제연구보고서 Vol.- No.-
Youth unemployment problem has become a worldwide crisis in the last decade, and youth entrepreneurship has been one of many feasible solutions of the problem. Seoul is not an exception to this harsh reality. As a major metropolis in Korea, the youth unemployment rate is even higher than that of South Korea as a whole. Seoul has been building its own publicly-subsidized entrepreneurship ecosystem to the youth. However, as private entrepreneurship ecosystem in Seoul manifests, the old entrepreneurship ecosystem based on the vertical integration of policy packages in a few large startup incubators is losing its validity and showing its limitations. To find out the new paradigm for the existing model, this study searches for the new ‘social’ trends in the youth entrepreneurship scene, which prove their values in startup ecosystems around the world nowadays. 10 inter-related trends in social entrepreneurship processes have been identified in 4 different policy areas. In education, the education of entrepreneurship in universities and institutions, and that of entrepreneurship in social economy are distinct features. Mentoring and regular group networking become popular in information exchange. Coworking space, digital production workshop, accelerator, and the recycling of underused spaces are major innovations in providing spaces for entrepreneurs. Crowdfunding and new investments from private sectors for societal purposes have been changing how start-ups raise the funds in entrepreneurship financing. To invigorate the youth entrepreneurship in Seoul, current vertical integration model of the youth entrepreneurship policy 1.0 has to be changed to the youth entrepreneurship policy 2.0 of a mix-and-match model, which allows a more open startup ecosystem through the utilization of soft social platforms and the collaboration of diverse private stakeholders. In each of 4 policy areas of youth entrepreneurship - education, information, space, funding, identified trends of social entrepreneurship process should be grafted onto the existing policy regime of youth entrepreneurship.
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김묵한 ( Mook Han Kim ),정병순 ( Byeong Sun Jeong ),장윤희 ( Yoon Hyi Jang ) 서울시정개발연구원 2010 연구보고서 Vol.2010 No.30
Going green has become the mainstream of the times. Climate change, value change, and market change in terms of going green have been transforming the world capitalism, and the whole green economy movements have driven the rapid growth of green industries nowadays. Korea participated in this mega-trend by announcing ``green growth`` as its own version of green economy promotion strategy, and Seoul has tried to find green opportunities within the frame of green growth as the biggest municipality in Korea. However, it is hard to find the current conditions and prospects of Seoul`s competitiveness in green industries based on fact and evidence. Splendid outlooks on green industries do not always guarantee the success of the promotion of green industries, since unique market and industrial conditions of Seoul also have enormous impacts on the destiny of green industries in Seoul. From this standpoint, this study had three objectives to tackle. First, we examined the very relevance of GT-based new growth engines to the current industrial structure of Seoul. Second, we tried to identify a subset of the whole universe of sub-sectors of GT-based new growth engines, if any. Finally, we aimed at suggesting overall basic directions and policy suggestions for the promotion of GT-based new growth engines in Seoul. We started from a literature review on the backgrounds of national initiatives of low-carbon green growth and new growth engines, and on the relationships between them. Clarification of vague concepts such as green technology, green industries, and green technology industries has been performed, and an operational definition of ``GT-based new growth engines`` has been suggested as green technology industries in the framework of the ``new growth engines`` initiative. Then, we explored the current market and industrial conditions and prospects of GT-based new growth engines. Not all sub-sectors of the green technology industries are well-fitted to Seoul, in terms of both market and industrial structures. ``High-tech green city`` is the only sub-sector that seems to be fit in Seoul very well in both sides, and ``carbon reduction energy`` is the worst one. Other 4 sub-sectors show mixed results, but basically the market side of Seoul as the largest metropolis in Korea gives them promising future prospects, in spite of their rather weak industrial competitiveness. In Seoul, green technology industries are mainly located in the South-West Zone and North-West Zone of Seoul. The South-West Zone are dominated with small and medium-sized manufacturing firms, and the North-West Zone tends to be populated with headquarters and rather big firms in emerging green technology industries. Again, ``high-tech green city`` sub-sector is the only dominant sub-sectors in both Zones. In search of insights on the policies for the promotion of green technology industries at the scale of metropolitan area, metropolitan plans for green economy/green industries of top 10 world cities have been analyzed. From the comparative analysis with climate action plans of those world cities, we found that world cities tend to focus on a subset of green industries with competitive edge for them, and to establish a dedicated organization/institution to deal with the promotion policies continuously and coherently. We finally suggested basic directions and policy suggestions for the promotion of green technology industries in Seoul. As basic directions, we have suggested the promotion policies based on the focused selection and prioritization of green industries, the establishment of a dedicated support mechanism, and the convergence between available industrial/innovation policies and environmental policies now. To each direction, a few practical suggestions have been added as examples and explanations.
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배준식 ( Jun Sik Bae ),신경희 ( Kyung Hee Shin ),이세구 ( Se Koo Rhee ),장윤희 ( Yoon Hyi Jang ) 서울시정개발연구원 2009 연구보고서 Vol.2009 No.31
Gender equality and gender mainstreaming are recognized as a global common problem over the nation in spite of the difference of politics, economy and culture between countries. Gender responsive policy intends to support the fair participation of both sexes in the policy making process and prevent unintended gender discrimination. In Korea, the gender responsive budgeting was introduced in 2006 according to the National Finance Act. According to the law, the government must submit the gender responsive budget bill as an attached document with the government budget bill to the National Assembly from the 2010 FY. The purpose of this study is to introduce the gender responsive budget to Seoul in order to spread the gender equality policy of the central government. Here, we study why Seoul should introduce the gender responsive budget and the administrative base of Seoul to practice this system. Also, we study the current budgetary process and how it should be changed for the implementation of gender responsive budget in Seoul. Seoul has a superb environment to introduce this system related to "Yeohang Project" which is the system to improve the quality of the life of women. So, we need to graft the gender responsive budget on "Yeohang Project". In conclusion, this study proposes the new budget system including the gender equality estimation, and to revise the law related to the local finance and the municipal ordinance in order to introduce the gender responsive budget system.
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