Gynecologists’ perception of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound as a treatment for uterine leiomyomas

Nam Kyeong Kim(김남경),Yae Ji Choi(최예지),Yeji Lee(이예지),Sung Il Hwang(황성일),Kidong Kim(김기동) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.5

최근 자궁근종에 대한 치료방법으로서 비수술적 고강도 집속 초음파 (High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound, HIFU)한 인식이 증대되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국에서 자궁근종의 HIFU 치료에 대한 부인과 의사들의 인식을 평가해 보고자 하였다. 우리는 162명의 한국의 부인과 의사들에게 인구통계학적 특성, 자궁근종에 대한 실제 진료의 패턴, 자궁근종의 HIFU 치료에 대한 의견에 대하여 설문을 시행하여 분석하였다. 162명 중, 2.8 %에서 HIFU를 자궁근종의 1차 치료로 고려하였다. HIFU는 응답자의 19 %에서만 이용가능 하였고, 이중 58 %에서는 HIFU에 대한 의뢰를 경험하였다. 자궁근종 치료로서 HIFU에 대한 인식을 살펴보았을 때, 응답자의 19 %에서만 효과적이라고 답하였다. 가장 흔한 부작용으로 생각되는 것은 자궁육종의 적절한 치료가 늦어지는 것 (59 %) 이었고, 그 다음이 장 손상 (52 %) 이었다. 응답자들이 HIFU를 고려하기에 적합하다고 생각한 경우로는 연령이 40세부터 49세 사이이며, 추후 임신 계획이 없고, 중간 크기 (5-6 ㎝)의 자궁근종이 2개까지 일 때였다. 자궁근종 치료로서 HIFU에 대한 한국의 부인과 의사들의 인식은 여전히 호의적이지 않으며, 근무하는 병원에서 HIFU를 이용 가능할 때, HIFU에 대한 인식이 좀 더 긍정적인 경향을 보였다. 여러 나라에서 더 많은 수의 부인과 의사들을 대상으로 한 연구뿐만 아니라, HIFU의 장기적인 결과에 대한 추가적인 연구가 더 필요하다. Recently, there has been an increased awareness on the use of High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) as a non-surgical treatment option for leiomyomas. This study aimed to assess gynecologists" perception of HIFU therapy for uterine leiomyomas in Korea. We analyzed questionnaires from 162 Korean gynecologists who provided data on 1) demographics, 2) pattern of practice with respect to leiomyomas, and 3) opinion regarding HIFU therapy for leiomyomas. Of the 162 gynecologists, 2.8 % regarded HIFU as a first-line treatment for leiomyomas. HIFU was only available at the workplace of 19 % of respondents; of these, 58 % had requested the use of HIFU. When asked about their perception of HIFU for treating leiomyomas, only 19 % of the respondents thought that it was effective. The commonest perceived complication was a delay in the adequate treatment of sarcoma (59 %), followed by bowel injury (52 %). The respondents considered HIFU to be suitable in the following circumstances: age between 40 and 49 years, those patients who no longer desired pregnancy, medium-sized (5-6 ㎝) leiomyomas, and up to 2 leiomyomas. The Korean gynecologists" perception of HIFU as a treatment for leiomyomas is still not favorable. Gynecologists working at hospitals where HIFU is available tended to have a higher positive perception of this treatment. In addition to research involving a large number of gynecologists from multiple countries, a study on the long-term outcomes of HIFU is needed.

한국의 영상자료를 이용한 언어,문화 교수 방안

김남경 ( Nam Kyeong Kim ) 한국민족연구원 2015 민족연구 Vol.0 No.64

최근 한국 언어 교육 중심에서 문화 교육의 중요성이 날로 커지고 있다. 한국의 언어와 문화를 동시에 학습한다는 것은 한국어를 좀 더 정확하고 능숙하면서 흥미롭게 습득한다는 것을 의미한다. 또한 고급 학습자가 한국 언어 능력 향상의 한계에 부딪혔을 때 이를 극복할 수 있는 방법이 한국 문화에 대한 깊이 있는 이해이다. 본 논의는 이러한 점에서 한국의 언어와 문화를 동시에 가르치기 위한 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 한국의 문화를 담고 있는 영상 매체를 이용하여, 한국 영상자료가 가진 문화적 요소와 언어적 요소를 어떻게 구조화하여 가르칠 수 있을지에 대한고려를 바탕으로 한다. 다시 말해, 기존의 영상자료를 활용한 교육에서 문화의 내용을 부수적으로 다루었다면, 이 글에서는 언어와 문화를 좀 더 대등한 비중으로 다룰수 있는 자료제작의 방법이나 교수 방안을 모색하고자 하는 것이다. 문화가 내재해있는 교육 자료는 그것으로서 좋은 문화 교육이 되겠지만, 학습자에게 문화감각의 흥미를 일깨우고, 지속적인 관심과 사고를 유도하기 위해서는 구체적이고 다양한자료를 구조화하여 제시하는 작업이 필요하다. This study is based on consideration of how to structuralize and teach cultural and linguistic elements of Korean video materials. This intends to survey making-material or teaching methods which can cover language and culture with equal weights. When making teaching materials of language and culture, a subject must highlight cultural side, as well as have attraction and educational values. Therefore, these make it possible to educate language and culture simultaneously with efficiency. For the purpose of conducting fusion education of Korean language and culture, successfully, this study propose a (teaching) plan organized as (1) presenting materials which expose Korean culture (2) supplement materials related with culture (3) advanced reading materials related with culture (4) instances of speaking and writing activities using relating knowledge about culture. Educational materials themselves in which culture inheres can be cultural educational materials. However, tasks are required to structuralize and present selected matrials efficiently, for the sake of awakening interests for cultural feelings and attracting continual attention and thinking.

Multipath 채널 환경에서의 딥러닝 기반 PRACH 검출 성능 개선 기법

권남경(Nam-Kyeong Kwon),이예란(Yelan Lee),김주엽(Juyeop Kim) 대한전자공학회 2023 대한전자공학회 학술대회 Vol.2023 No.6

스핀 코팅법으로 증착한 (Bi₁La₁)₄Ti₃O₁₂ 박막의 후속 열공정에 따른 입자 크기 및 결정 방향성 변화

김영민,김남경,염승진,장건익,류성림,선호정,권순용,Kim, Young-Min,Kim, Nam-Kyeong,Yeom, Seung-Jin,Jang, Gun-Eik,Ryu, Sung-Lim,Sun, Ho-Jung,Kweon, Soon-Yong 한국전기전자재료학회 2007 전기전자재료학회논문지 Vol.20 No.7

A 16 Mb 1T1C FeRAM device was integrated with BLT capacitors. But a lot of cells were failed randomly during the measuring the bit-line signal distribution of each cell. The reason was revealed that the grain size and orientation of the BLT thin film were severely non-uniform. And the grain size and orientation were severely affected by the process conditions of post heat treatment, especially nucleation step. The optimized annealing temperature at the nucleation step was $560^{\circ}C$. The microstructure of the BLT thin film was also varied by the annealing time at the step. The longer process time showed the finer grain size. Therefore, the uniformity of the grain size and orientation could be improved by changing the process conditions of the nucleation step. The FeRAM device without random bit-fail cell was successfully fabricated with the optimized BLT capacitor and the sensing margin in bit-line signal distribution of it was about 340 mV.

B형 간염 바이러스 X 항원을 면역한 A2K^b Transgenic Mice에서 CD8+ T Cell의 활성화에 의한 X 항원 표현 재조합 Vaccinia Virus에 대한 방어 효과; in vitro 배양을 통한 XEP-3 특이적인 CTL의 반응

황유경,김형일,김남경,박정민,정홍석,Hwang, Yu Kyeong,Kim, Hyung-Il,Kim, Nam Kyung,Park, Jung Min,Cheong, Hong Seok 대한면역학회 2002 Immune Network Vol.2 No.1

Background: Viral antigens presented on the cell surface in association with MHC class I molecules are recognized by CD8+ T cells. MHC restricted peptides are important in eliciting cellular immune responses. As peptide antigens have a weak immunigenicity, pH-sensitive liposomes were used for peptide delivery to induce effective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses. In the previous study, as the HBx peptides could induce specific CTLs in vitro, we tested whether the HLA-A2/$K^b$ transgenic mice that were immunized by HBx-derived peptides could be protected from a viral challenge. Methods: HBx-peptides encapsulated by pH-sensitive liposomes were prepared. $A2K^b$ transgenic mice were immunized i.m. on days one and seven with the indicated concentrations of liposome-encapsulated peptides. Three weeks later, mice were infected with $1{\times}10^7pfu$/head of recombinant vaccinia virus (rVV)-HBx via i.p. administration. The ovaries were extracted from the mice, and the presence of rVV-HBx in the ovaries was analyzed using human TK-143B cells. IFN-${\gamma}$ secretion by these cells was directly assessed using a peptide-pulsed target cell stimulation assay with either peptide-pulsed antigen presenting cells (APCs), concanavalin A ($2{\mu}g/ml$), or a vehicle. To generate peptide-specific CTLs, splenocytes obtained from the immunized mice were stimulated with $20{\mu}g/ml$ of each peptide and restimulated with peptide-pulsed APC four times. The cytotoxic activity of the CTLs was assessed by standard $^{51}Cr$-release assay and intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Results: Immunization of these peptides as a mixture in pH-sensitive liposomes to transgenic mice induced a good protective effect from a viral challenge by inducing the peptide-specific CD8+ T cells. Mice immunized with $50{\mu}g/head$ were much better protected against viral challenge compared to those immunized with $5{\mu}g$/head, whereas the mice immunized with empty liposomes were not protected at all. After in vitro CTL culture by peptide stimulation, however, specific cytotoxicity was much higher in the CTLs from mice immunized with $5{\mu}g/head$ than $50{\mu}g/head$ group. Increase of the number of cells that intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cell among CD8+ T cells showed similar result. Conclusion: Mice immunized with XEPs within pH-sensitive liposome were protected against viral challenge. The protective effect depended on the amount of antigen used during immunization. XEP-3-specific CTLs could be induced by peptide stimulation in vitro from splenocytes obtained from immunized mice. The cytotoxic effect of CTLs was measured by $^{51}Cr$-release assay and the percentage of accumulated intracellular IFN-${\gamma}$ secreting cells after in vitro restimulation was measured by flow cytometric analysis. The result of $^{51}Cr$-release cytotoxicity test was well correlated with that of the flow cytometric analysis. Viral protection was effective in immunized group of $50{\mu}g/head$, while in the in vitro restimulation, it showed more spectific response in $5{\mu}g$/head group.

기어전조가공의 정밀도 향상에 관한 연구

장정환(Jeong-Hwan Jang),김해지(Hae-Ji Kim),김남경(Nam-Kyeong Kim),김준성(Jun-Seong Kim),류성기(SungKi Lyu) 한국기계가공학회 2008 한국기계가공학회 춘추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.2008 No.-

This study makes clear that tool loading force and number of finish roll forming are very important factors to decide involute tooth profile error. Tooth profile is decided in the beginning of roll forming and δ max mainly increases if the number of roll forming process is increased. Gear class is improved by one or two class after roll forming if the gear has convex type error and pressure angle error in KS 1~4 class. If the gear have concave type error and pressure angle error, gear class is not improved in theory, but improved a little in practice. In the finishing roll forming, it inevitably yields both the concaving of tooth profile and plastic deflection of addendum of teeth. Experiments show that the concaving and the plastic deflection are successfully reduced. The accuracy of tooth profile reaches to KS 0 class.

범용연삭기에서 휠속도를 이용한 Chatter주파수에 관한 연구

송지복(JI Bok Song),김남경(Nam Kyeong Kim),곽재섭(Jae Seob Kwak),이종렬(Jong Ryul Lee) 한국정밀공학회 1997 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.5월

맞춤형 보조패널을 이용한 벽체용 거푸집시스템 개발

김호수,남경연,이성수,김경일,이범수 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2008 産業科學硏究 Vol.25 No.2

Today, new fabricated wall form system is required to conform to the complicated space of complex buildings. Therefore, this study presents wall form system which is adjustable to the story height by using main panel, adjustable sub-panel and sub-frames. This wall form system prevents concrete leaking and bulging phenomenon of form by combining main and sub-panel. For the field application of this form system, the structural capacity of the form should be secured. To this end, this study evaluates the lateral pressure capacity of the system through the structural experiments based on the several variables considering actual field conditions.