낙동강수계 교통지역 비점오염원 유출특성분석 및 원단위 산정

권헌각(Kwon Heongak),임태효(Im Taehyo),신동석(Shin Dongsuk),이춘식(Lee Chun Sik) 한국방재학회 2018 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구에서는 낙동강수계 교통지역에서의 장기모니터링 결과를 활용하여, 대상 피복에 대한 유출특성을 분석하고, 비점오염원 원단위를 산정하였다. 산정된 원단위 및 기존 수질오염총량지침에서 적용되고 있는 대분류 원단위를 활용하여 대상유역인 교통지역에 대한 비점오염원 저감시설별 삭감부하량을 산정하여 비교하였다. 낙동강수계 교통지역에 대한 장기모니터링 자료 분석 결과, 선행무강우일수는 평균 6.7일로 조사되었으며, 해당 지점의 강우량은 평균 31.3 ㎜, 강우지속시간은 9.1시간으로 조사되었다. 조사대상 지점은 도로의 경우 형태에 따른 일부 조경에 의한 차이는 있으나 100% 불투수율을 나타내는 토지피복으로 적은 강우량에도 유출을 나타내는 특성을 보였다. 도로 형태별 비점오염원에 대한 유량가중평균농도(EMCs)의 경우 각각의 강우사상에 대한 EMCs를 산정한 후 강우계급별 구분하여 제시하였다. 비점오염원 유량가중평균농도의 경우 강우사상에 따른 값의 변화가 다양하고, 동일한 지역에 동일한 강우사상이더라도 유출수의 양과 수질 변화가 큰 특성을 나타낸다. 이러한 비점오염원 농도 특성에 따라 EMCs를 강우계급별로 구분하고 제시하였다. 중분류 토지피복 기준 교통지역에 대해 비점오염원 원단위를 산정한 결과, BOD 12.42 ㎏/㎢/day, T-N 7.553 ㎏/㎢/day, T-P 0.391 ㎏/㎢/day로 산정되었다. 기존 수질오염총량관리지침 기준 토지계 비점원단위의 경우 BOD 17.76 ㎏/㎢/day, T-N 13.69 ㎏/㎢/day, T-P 0.631 ㎏/㎢/day로 본 연구에서 산정된 원단위에 비해 다소 높게 적용되었다. 중분류 원단위 기준 산정된 삭감부하량은 대상 유역에서 도로개발 시 사전 적용 후 해당 개발에 따른 부하량을 평가 할 수 있는 근거 자료가 된다. 기존 대분류 토지계 비점원단위의 경우 불투수 토지피복(주거, 공업, 상업, 교통 등)에 대해 공통적인 원단위 값을 적용하여, 분석하고자 하는 특정 피복에 대한 정확한 부하량 산정은 어려운 실정이었다. 본 연구에서는 교통지역에 대해 산정된 원단위를 적용하여 부하를 산정하였으며, 이러한 원인으로 인해 원단위 감소에 따른 저감효율 감소 결과를 나타낸 것으로 사료된다. In this study, the runoff characteristics were analyzed by using long-term monitoring results in the Nakdong River watershed traffic area, and the load per unit area of nonpoint source was estimated. Based on the estimates of the basic load per unit area and existing water TMDL, the reduction load for each nonpoint source pollution reduction facility was calculated and compared. As a result of long-term monitoring data analysis on the Nakdong River watershed traffic area, the average number of rainfall-free days was 6.7 days. The mean rainfall was 31.3 ㎜ and the duration of rainfall was 9.1 hours. The points of investigation were the land cover which showed 100% impervious rate due to some landscaping according to the shape of the road, but showed a characteristic of spillage even at low rainfall. The EMCs for nonpoint pollutants by road type were classified by rainfall class after calculating EMCs for each rainfall event. In case of nonpoint source pollutant flow weighted average concentration, the variation of value according to rainfall history varies, and even in the same area, the amount of runoff and quality of water changes are significant. EMCs are classified according to rainfall class according to characteristics of nonpoint pollution source concentration. As a result of estimating the non-point pollution source unit for the secondary land cover standard traffic area, BOD was calculated to be 12.42 ㎏/㎢/day. The BOD of 17.76 ㎏/㎢/day, T-N of 13.69 ㎏/㎢/day and T-P of 0.631 ㎏/㎢/day were applied somewhat higher than the standard values calculated in this study. The reduction load calculated on the basis of the sub-division basis is the base data for evaluating the load according to the development after pre-application in road development in the target watershed. It is difficult to estimate the exact load for the specific coating to be analyzed by applying the common unit value for the pitcher land cover (residential, industrial, commercial, traffic, etc. In this study, the load is estimated by applying the calculated unit load for the traffic area.

낙동강유역 논재배지 비점오염원 원단위 산정에 관한 연구

권헌각(Kwon, Heongak),신석호(Shin, Sukho),김광석(Kim, Gwangseok),김영규(Kim, Younggyu),신동석(Shin, Dongsuk),임태효(Im, Taehyo) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.3

본 연구에서는 낙동강유역 내 논재배지에 대한 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 비점오염원의 강우 시 유출 특성을 분석하고, 유량가중평균농도를 산정한 후 비점오염원별 원단위를 산정하였다. 산정된 원단위의 신뢰성 확보를 위해 기존 연구사례와 비교하였다. 논 재배지 모니터링 결과,강우사상은 3.3~56.7 ㎜까지 다양하게 조사되었으며, 유출이 발생된 Event의 강우량은 22 ㎜ 이상의 강우사상으로 조사되었다. 유출이 발생된강우사상의 경우, 강우강도가 1.42~3.35 ㎜/hr로 유출이 발생되지 않은 다른 강우사상에 비해 2배 정도 높게 조사되었다. 조사 당시 총 유출량은 8.04 ㎥, 7.50 ㎥, 17.43 ㎥, 10.22 ㎥으로 유출율은 0.34 이상으로 조사되었다. 강우사상에 따른 비점오염물질 농도 변화는, 강우량 및 강우강도에따라 차이는 있으나, BOD, COD, TOC 항목의 경우 유출초기 높은 농도를 나타내다 후반부로 갈수록 농도가 낮아지는 경향을 나타내었다. 비점오염원별 산정된 유량가중평균농도는, BOD 3.3 ㎎/L, COD 9.8 ㎎/L, TOC 6.8 ㎎/L, SS 22.3 ㎎/L, T-N 1.791 ㎎/L, T-P 0.359 ㎎/L로 산정되었다. 강우계급별 산정된 EMCy 는 BOD의 경우 10~30 ㎜ 강우계급에서는 0.5 ㎎/L로 산정되었으며, 30~50 ㎜에서는 1.2 ㎎/L, 50 ㎜ 이상에서는2.9 ㎎/L로 산정되었다. 또한 COD는 10~30㎜ 강우계급에서는 1.6 ㎎/L로 산정되었으며, 30~50㎜에서는 2.9 ㎎/L, 50㎜이상에서는 12.2 ㎎/L,TOC는 10~30 ㎜ 강우계급에서는 1.2 ㎎/L로 산정되었으며, 30-50 ㎜에서는 1.6 ㎎/L, 50 ㎜이상에서는 9.2 ㎎/L로 산정되었다. 논재배지에 대해2014년에서 2016년 모니터링 강우사상을 대상으로 비점오염원별 원단위를 산정하였다. BOD, COD, TOC, SS, T-N, T-P 가 각각 2.0 ㎏/㎢/day, 8.05 ㎏/㎢/day, 6.0 ㎏/㎢/day, 7.59 ㎏/㎢/day, 1.96 ㎏/㎢/day, 0.30 ㎏/㎢/day로 산정 되었다. In this study, the characteristics of nonpoint sources pollution in paddy fields in Nakdong River basin were analyzed, EMCs was calculated, and the load per unit area was calculated. In order to secure the reliability of the calculated load per unit area, the comparison with prior research and etc. was conducted. As a results of the monitoring of paddy fields were surveyed to 3.3 ㎜ – 56.7 ㎜, and precipitation events with runoff were observed to have a precipitation of 20 ㎜ or more. Precipitation intensity of runoff was 1.42 ㎜/hr – 3.35 ㎜/hr, which was twice as high as that of runoff without runoff. The total runoff was 8.04 ㎥, 7.50 ㎥, 17.43 ㎥ and 10.22 ㎥ at the time of the survey, and the runoff rate was over 0.34. The variation of nonpoint source pollution concentration due to precipitation event was different according to precipitation and precipitation intensity. In the case of BOD, COD, and TOC items, high concentration was observed at the beginning of the runoff and the tendency to be decreased toward the latter part. The EMCs estimatedx for nonpoint sources were BOD 3.3 ㎎/L, COD 9.8 ㎎/L, TOC 6.8 ㎎/L, SS 22.3 ㎎/L, T-N 1.791 ㎎/L, and T-P 0.359 ㎎/L. The EMCy estimated by precipitation class was 0.5 ㎎/L at 10-30 ㎜ for BOD, 1.2 ㎎/L at 30-50 ㎜, and 2.9 ㎎/L at over 50㎜. Also, COD was measured 1.6 ㎎/L at 10-30 ㎜, 2.9 ㎎/L at 30-50 ㎜, and 12.2 ㎎/L at over 50 ㎜. TOC was measured as 1.2 ㎎/L at 10-30㎜, 1.6 ㎎/L at 30-50 ㎜, and 9.2 ㎎/L at over 50 ㎜. The nonpoint sources pollution load per unit area was calculated using the monitoring results of paddy fields from 2014 to 2016. BOD 2.0 ㎏/㎢/day, COD 8.05 ㎏/㎢/day, TOC 6.0 ㎏/㎢/day, SS 7.59 ㎏/㎢/day, T-N 1.96 ㎏/㎢/day and T-P 0.30 ㎏/㎢/day were calculated for the nonpoint sources load per unit area.

SWAT 모형을 활용한 금호강유역 비점오염원 부하량 산정

권헌각 ( Heongak Kwon ),임태효 ( Taehyo Im ),나승민 ( Seungmin Na ),곽인수 ( Insu Kwak ),한건연 ( Kunteun Han ),천세억 ( Seuk Cheon ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.-

금호강유역 비점오염원 부하량 평가

권헌각 ( Heongak Kwon ),임태효 ( Taehyo Im ),나승민 ( Seungmin Na ),김경훈 ( Gyeonghoon Kim ),천세억 ( Seuk Cheon ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2016 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2016 No.-

금호강 유입 지천별 강우 모니터링을 통한 비점오염원 관리방안 연구

권헌각(Kwon Heongak),김경훈(Kim Gyeonghoon),김상훈(Kim Sanghoon),신상민(Shin Sangmin),신동석(Shin Dongsuk),임태효(Im Taehyo) 한국방재학회 2018 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.18 No.3

본 연구에서는 소유역별 비점오염원 관리 방안 수립을 위한 방법으로, 장기 모니터링 자료를 활용하여 첨두수질농도(Peak concentration)를 산정하고, 해당 농도를 기준으로 유출관련 다양한 평가 인자와의 비교 분석을 통해 대상 소유역별 비점오염원 관리 방안을 도출 하였다. 금호강 유역을 대상으로 2015부터 2017년까지 3년간 수행된, 총 113회 모니터링 자료를 분석한 결과, 모니터링 지점의 선행건기일수는 지역별로 1.0 ~ 14.0일 범위이며 총강수량은 상류 88.7 ㎜, 지류 101.3 ㎜, 하류 103.1 ㎜로 조사되었다. 오염물질항목별 평균 첨두수질농도까지 의 EMCs는 BOD는 3월, 4월, COD는 4월, SS는 4월, 8월, T-N은 4월, T-P는 8월에 가장 높은 값을 나타내었고, 모니터링 지점별 오염물질 평균 첨두수질농도까지의 EMC는 금호강 본류의 경우 4 ~ 8월, 지류의 경우는 3 ~ 8월의 봄 ~ 여름사이로 높은 첨두수질농도를 나타내는 것으로 조사되었다. 장기모니터링 자료를 활용하여 통계적 분석을 실시하고, 대상유역에 대한 오염원 조사 분석 결과를 활용하여, 지천별 소유역 기준 비점오염원 관리방안을 제시하였다. 유역별 오염원 비율을 분석하여 주요 오염원을 선정하고, 해당 오염원 저감에 적합한 비점저감기술을 제시하여, 추후 대상유역에 대한 비점오염원 관리계획 수립 시 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있도록 하였다. In this study, peak concentration was calculated using long - term monitoring results in order to establish nonpoint pollution source management plan for each station. Based on the estimated peak water concentration, the non - point pollution source management method was derived through comparison analysis with various evaluation factors related to runoff. The 113 monitoring results of the Gumho River watershed were statistically analyzed. The number of dry days in the monitoring point was ranged from 1.0 to 14.0 days in each region. Total precipitation was 88.7 ㎜ upstream, 101.3 ㎜ tributary, and 103.1 ㎜ downstream. As a result of analysis of EMCs up to the average peak water quality concentration by pollutant item, BOD was highest in March and April, COD in April, SS in April and August, T-N in April and T-P in August. The peak EMCs of the pollutant up to the average peak pollutant concentration by the monitoring point was high in April - August in the main stream of the Gumho River and between spring and summer in March - August in the tributary. Statistical analysis was conducted using long - term monitoring data, and a non - point pollution source management plan was proposed based on the results of the nationwide pollution source analysis for the target watershed. By analyzing the pollutant ratio by watershed, we can select the main pollutant source and present the nonpoint pollution sources reduction technique suitable for the reduction of the pollutant source, so that it can be used as the basic data for establishing non - point pollutant management plan for the target watershed.

하천 퇴적물 내 중금속 오염도 평가에 관한 연구 (낙동강 수계 표층 퇴적물을 대상으로)

김신,안정민,정강영,이권철,권헌각,신동석,양득석,Kim, Shin,Ahn, Jungmin,Jung, Kangyoung,Lee, Kwonchul,Kwon, Heongak,Shin, Dongseok,Yang, Deukseok 한국물환경학회 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.4

In order to certificate the contamination assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Nakdong river. Surface sediments were collected of 24 sampling sites (main 14st., tributary 10st.) and analyzed for grain size heavy metals contents. Study area mainly composed of sand (avg. 94.1%) and mean grain size was $1.46{\Phi}$ on average. Heavy metals contents (avg. Al: 12.5%, Zn; 74.4, Cr: 45.3, Li: 26.0, Pb: 17.1, Ni: 10.5, Cu: 7.8, Cd: 0.22 mg/kg) were relatively high contents in the composed of fine sediments. In addition, the results of pearson's correlation coefficient showed that most heavy metals and grain size (silt and clay) were highly correlated. The contents of Zn (6st.) and Ni (1st.) evaluated as moderately polluted, Zn (6st.) evaluated as LEL when compared with sediment quality standard of USEPA and Ontario sediment quality guidelines. Most heavy metals contents were I levels that dose not affected the benthos when compared with sediment pollution evaluation standard of NIER. The results of EX, EF, Igeo and CF showed the contents of Zn, Pb and Cd exceed the background contents and distributing of anthropogenic pollution and evaluated as moderately polluted level. And Nm-08 were relatively high level of contamination in the study area. However as results of PLI (less than 1), all sampling sites were evaluated unpolluted level.

낙동강수계 권역별 비점오염원 오염도 평가

이재운 ( Jaewoon Lee ),권헌각 ( Heongak Kwon ),최한영 ( Hanyoung Choi ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2014 환경영향평가 Vol.23 No.5

influence area In this study, the nonpoint sources were evaluated by calculating the Nadonggang basin regional water quality and nonpoint source pollution load discharged. And were selected the banks of first administration based on the results and the direction of the next administration. As a results of estimating the water quality about BOD concentration in the mid influence area in the Nakdonggang basin, it was founded that 10 sites for ‘Ia’ water quality level, 6 sites for ‘lb’ water quality level, 5 sites for ‘Ⅱ’ water quality level, 1 sites for ‘Ⅰ’ water quality level. The estimation of COD concentration in the mid influence area, It showed that 9 sites for ‘Ib’ water quality level, 6 sites for ‘Ⅱ’ water quality level, 6 sites for ‘Ⅲ’ water quality level, 1 site for ‘Ⅳ’ water quality level. The assessment of water quality made Mid influence area of Gumhogang, Nakdong Goryung, Nakdong Milyang and Namgang selected as the mid influence area of high pollution. And delivery loads of nonpoint sources were calculated for mid influence area in Nakdonggang basin(max delivery load : 17,706.7 ㎏/day for Gumhogang influence area). As the result of calculating NPS(nonpoint sources) delivery load and water quality at influence area in Nakdonggang basin, Gumhogang influence area was selected as an area for management priority among nonpoint sources.

차천 유역의 목표수질 달성여부 평가 연구

김경훈 ( Gyeonghoon Kim ),권헌각 ( Heongak Kwon ),박준호 ( Junho Park ),임태효 ( Taehyo Im ),김상훈 ( Sanghun Kim ),신동석 ( Dongseok Shin ),윤현정 ( Hyunnjeong Yoon ),김영규 ( Yeonggyu Kim ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2018 한국물환경학회·대한상하수도학회 공동 춘계학술발표회 Vol.2018 No.-

MOVE.2 확장기법 적용을 통한 장기 부하지속곡선 구축 및 유황조건별 수체손상평가

김경훈 ( Gyeonghoon Kim ),권헌각 ( Heongak Kwon ),임태효 ( Taehyo Im ),이규동 ( Gyudong Lee ),신동석 ( Dongseok Shin ),나승민 ( Seungmin Na ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2017 한국물환경학회지 Vol.33 No.1

The purpose of this study is to evaluate on the applicability of the Load Duration Curve (LDC) method using a Maintenance of Variance Extension type 2 method and sampling data for efficient total maximum daily loads at the Nakbon-A unit watershed in Korea. The LDC method allows for characterizing water quality data, such as BOD, TOC, T-N and T-P in this study at different flow regimes (or quarters). BOD usually exceeded the standard value (probability 50%) at the low flow zone. On the other hand, TOC, T-N, and T-P usually exceeded the standard value at the dry and low flow zone. Seasonally, all water-quality variables usually exceeded the standard value at Q1 (Jan-Mar) and Q2 (Apr-Jun) zones. Improvement of effluent control from wastewater-treatment plants are effectively improves BOD and T-P.

복합적 토지피복유역에 대한 비점오염원 유출특성 연구

이춘식(Lee, Chun Sik),임태효(Im, Taehyo),권헌각(Kwon, Heongak) 한국방재학회 2017 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구에서는 판문천 유역에 대해 강우 시 유량 및 수질 모니터링 결과를 활용하여 L-Thia 모형을 보정하고 해당 유역에서의 비점오염원 부하량을 산정하였다. 모의된 비점오염원 부하량은 토지피복 군에 따라 산정하였다. BOD의 경우 대지에서 발생되는 비점오염원 부하량이 1503.49 kg/year로 가장 높게 산정되었으며 임야 746.43 kg/year > 밭 502.77 kg/year > 논 250.62 kg/year> 기타 55.93 kg/year 순으로 비점오염원 부하량 차이를 나타내었다. T-N 항목의 경우 BOD와 유사한 형태로 대지에서 922.71kg/year로 가장 높은 부하량을 나타내었으며, 산림 853.42 kg/year > 밭 588.09 kg/year > 논 184.12 kg/year > 기타 77.73 kg/year순으로 차이를 나타내었다. T-P 항목의 경우에는 밭에서 192.15 kg/year로 가장 높은 부하량을 나타내었으며, 다음으로는 산림 122.62 kg/year >대지 110.82 kg/year > 논 24.50 kg/year > 기타 20.17 kg/year 순으로 부하량 차이를 나타내었다. 토지피복을 상세화 하여 발생되는 비점오염원 부하량을 비교한 결과, 인위적 관리 또는 개발이 되는 피복의 부하량이 높게 조사되었다. In this study, we calibrate the L-thia model using the flow and water quality monitoring results for the Pan Muncheon watershed and simulate the nonpoint source loads for the watershed. The simulated nonpoint source loadings were estimated according to the land cover classification. In case of BOD, the nonpoint source load from the site was the highest at 1503.49 kg/year, with 746.43 kg/year for wood and forest, 502.77 kg/year for upland, and 250.62 kg/year for paddy, and 55.93 kg/year for other. In the case of T-N items, it was surveyed similar to BOD, and showed the highest load at 922.71 kg/year on the site, and showed the difference in loading in the order of 853.42 kg/year for wood and forest and 588.09 kg/year for upland, 184.12 kg/year for paddy, and 77.73 kg/year for other. The T-P items were the highest at 192.15 kg/year in the upland, and the loadings were shown in the order of wood and forest 122.62 kg/year and site 110.82 kg/year in the following order. As a result of the comparison of the nonpoint source loadings with the details of the land cover, the load of the land cover to which the artificial management or development was carried out was high.