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권택수,최성봉,이윤석,김준기,오승택,이인규 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.1
Purpose Lymph node metastasis is an important factor for predicting the prognosis of colorectal can- cer patients. However, approximately 60% of patients do not receive adequate lymph node evaluation (less than 12 lymph nodes). In this study, we identified a more effective tool for predicting the prognosis of patients who received inadequate lymph node evaluation. Materials and Methods The number of metastatic lymph nodes, total number of lymph nodes examined, number of negative metastatic lymph nodes (NL), lymph node ratio (LR), and the number of apical lymph nodes (APL) were examined, and the prognostic impact of these parameters was examined in patients with colorectal cancer who underwent surgery from January 2004 to December 2011. In total, 806 people were analyzed retrospectively. Results In comparison of different lymph node analysis methods for rectal cancer patients who did not receive adequate lymph node dissection, the LR showed a significant difference in over- all survival (OS) and the APL predicted a significant difference in disease-free survival (DFS). In the case of colon cancer patients who did not receive adequate lymph node dissection, LR predicted a significant difference in DFS and OS, and the APL predicted a significant difference in DFS. Conclusion If patients did not receive adequate lymph node evaluation, the LR and NL were useful parameters to complement N stage for predicting OS in colon cancer, whereas LR was com- plementary for rectal cancer. The APL could be used for prediction of DFS in all patients.
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권택수(Taecksoo Kwon) 서울대학교 법학평론 편집위원회 2016 법학평론 Vol.6 No.-
오늘날 사회경제적 상황의 변화에 따라 소프트웨어 및 인터넷과 밀접하게 관련되어 있는 사안에서는, 복수주체에 의한 특허침해가 일어날 가능성이 높아지고, 이 때 복수주체 각자는 구성요소 일부만 실시하는 경우가 많은데, 이들 복수주체중 누구를 특허발명의 실시주체로 보아 특허권 침해의 책임을 물을 것인가라는 침해론의 관점에서 복수주체에 의한 특허침해 문제가 논의된다. 일본에서는 도구이론, 지배관리론, 공동직접침해론, 특허청구범위의 해석 기타 간접침해나 균등론 등에 의하여 해결하여 왔고, 미국에서는 직접침해의 대위책임의 법리로 발전되어 왔는데, 최근 미국연방대법원은 직접침해 책임은 방법 특허의 모든 단계를 단일주체가 실시하여야 성립하는 것으로 판시하였다. 우리나라에서는 현재 이 문제에 대한 해결이 이론적으로나 판례상으로 확립되어 있다고 보기는 어려운 형편이다. 이 논의의 방향성은, 기본적으로는 특허권 침해에 특유한 제도인 간접침해 등에 의하여 대응할 수 있는 경우에는 그에 의해 해결하고, 그렇지 못할 사안의 경우에는, 규범적 관점에서 법적 평가에 의하여 행위의 일부 밖에 하지 않은 자 및 직접적인 침해행위를 행하지 않은 자에 대해서 민법이나 형법에서 사용되는, 책임을 부담지우기 위한 공범개념을 이용하여 적절한 해결을 끌어내야 한다고 본다. 한편 이러한 논의는, 당해 특허발명이 방법의 발명인지 물건의 발명인지, 발명의 카테고리에 관계없이 이루어지는 것이고, 또 그 특허청구범위가 복수주체의 실시를 반드시 예정하고 있어야 하는 것도 아니다. 끝으로 복수주체가 특허권 침해에 관여하는 경우 이를 특허권침해죄로 처벌할 수 있는지 여부가 문제된다. Changes in the socioeconomic environment have increased the number of patent infringements by multiple parties regarding patents closely related to software or the internet. In many of such cases, each party tends to infringe only a part of the patent’s constitutive elements. This brings about theories related to infringement; the question of identifying the infringing party and making that party liable for the infringement. In Japan, several theories of the interpretation have developed to acknowledge patent infringement in the case of divided performance on the part of multiple parties. While subrogation theory has been developed in the U.S., a recent Supreme Court decision upheld the singleentity rule, stating that the liability for the direct patent infringement occurs only when all stages of a method patent are performed by a single party. In Korea, however, it is hard to argue that any jurisprudence regarding joint infringement has been established. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that indirect infringement theory must be applied as a standard to resolve cases of patent infringements by multiple parties. In cases where such application of indirect infringement theory is not feasible, the concept of accomplice liability in civil or criminal law may be applied to extend liabilities to those who partly infringed a patent. On the other hand, the above discussion on dealing with multipleparty patent infringement can be applied to all categories of invention, including the patent invention of both products and methods. Neither is it necessary for a patent’s claim to presuppose performance by multiple parties. Lastly, this paper discusses whether a multipleparty infringement bears liability for patent infringement under the Patent Act of Korea.
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박선진(Sun Jin Park),권택수(Taek Soo Kwon),주선형(Sun Hyung Joo),김윤화(Youn Wha Kim),이상목(Sang Mok Lee),홍성화(Sung Wha Hong) 대한외과학회 2007 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.73 No.3
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the bile ducts (IPMNs-B) are uncommon lesions that are characterized by innumerable papillary fronds that contain fine vascular cores, enriched mucin production and bile duct dilatation. IPMNs-B are histologically similar to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas and they are occasionally associated with hepatolithiasis. IPMNs-B are considered to be relatively low- grade malignancy and they merit consideration for aggressive surgery. Thus, early and precise diagnosis is important to maximize patient survival. From July 2002 to March 2006, we identified four patients with IPMNs-B at our hospital. In three patients, intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct stones were associated with their condition. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance cholangiography were done in all four cases and this demonstrated marked dilatation of the biliary tree. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography was done in two cases and a large amount of mucin that was draining from the patulous orifice of the duodenal papilla was seen on endoscopy. However, two cases were initially misdiagnosed as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or choledochal cyst with intrahepatic bile duct stones. All the cases underwent ipsilateral hemihepatectomy with caudate lobectomy. Histologically, one case showed to be adenoma, one case was borderline and two cases were invasive adenocarcinoma.
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백광열,이인규,이윤석,성나영,권택수 대한암학회 2014 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.46 No.1
PurposeCancer-related inflammation affects many aspects of malignancy. We confirm theeffects of early postoperative systemic inflammation on cancer prognosis. Materials and MethodsSix hundred consecutive patients underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from 2006to 2009. Measurements of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes,and platelet counts were performed preoperatively, daily until the fourth postoperativeday, and subsequently every two days. Patients were divided into three groups basedon the days spent on the leukocyte count to drop below 10,000/mm3 after surgery. ResultsPreoperative white blood cell (WBC) counts correlated with stage of disease. In univariate survival analyses, tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) stage, and monocytecount were associated with cancer-free survival. In addition, cancer-free survivaloutcomes were worse in patients who required more than four days for the normalizationof WBC count. A TNM stage greater than II and the neutrophil lymphocyte ratiowere associated with the duration of overall survival. In a multivariate analysis ofthese significant variables, TNM stage, an interval longer than four days for normalizationof WBC counts and monocyte count independently associated with cancerfreesurvival. ConclusionPostoperative early inflammatory phase and preoperative monocyte count correlatewith poor colon cancer prognosis. We can conclude that preoperative and postoperativeinflammatory response and period unfavorably affect the metastatic microenvironment
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