‘Redvita’: A Yellow-fleshed Kiwifruit with Red Color Around the Core

곽용범,김홍림,이재한,정경호,채원병 한국원예학회 2017 원예과학기술지 Vol.35 No.3

Kiwifruits introduced to Korea typically have green fruit flesh, yellow flesh, or yellow fleshwith red coloration around the core. Here, we describe a new cultivar called ‘Redvita’, the firstkiwifruit cultivar of Korea with yellow flesh and red coloration around the core. A conventionalfield cross was conducted in 2003, and permission for the final release of ‘Redvita’ was obtainedin 2012. ‘Redvita’ originates from ‘Red Princess’, a maternal vine known for the red colorationin its flesh. The pollinizer is ‘NHK0013’ (IT233175), which blooms in early May. A principalfeature of ‘Redvita’ is its high vitamin C content, which at an average of 140 mg per 100 g offresh weight is 2 - 4 times higher than other commercial cultivars. The average fruit weight is97 g; bigger than that of the control cultivar ‘Hongyang’. ‘Redvita’ blooms in mid-May and isusually harvested in early to mid-October, approximately 150 - 160 days after anthesis. ‘Redvita’produces 3 or 4 flowers per fruiting shoot, with no small lateral flowers, therefore does not needto be thinned before blooming for commercial production. The cultivar is acidulous becauseof a high titratable acidity content (about 1.5%), which is higher than other cultivars (less than1.0%). ‘Redvita’ was registered with the Korean Seed and Variety Service in 2015 for plantvariety protection rights (no. 5604).

Verifications of Resistance to Phytophthora spp. in 2-year-old Citrus junos Cultivars and Related Species

곽용범,김홍림,곽연식,이용복 한국토양비료학회 2018 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.51 No.1

Yuzu (Citrus junos) gummosis disease, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae, was first reported in 1997. Asknown in citrus, Phytophthora is the most fastidious soil-borne pathogen to control. In order to minimize itsdamage to Citrus spp., integrated pest management (IPM) approach, including fungicide chemicals andresistant cultivars, is necessary. Therefore, in this study we tried to evaluate tolerance of yuzu cultivars and itsrelated species against yuzu Phytophthora. Trifoliate orange was evaluated as a susceptible host to yuzuPhytophthora by both mycelial growth onto extract media and immature fruit inoculation. However, inzoospores spray-inoculation on 2-year-old cuttings tree, trifoliate orange appeared to have a resistant propertyas showing less than 6% diseased leaf rate. Among yuzu cultivars only ‘Namhae No. 1’ appeared resistantproperty against both P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora. The ‘Namhae No. 1’ showed 5.7% and 10.6% diseasedleaf ratio by P. nicotianae and P. citrophthora, respectively. Clearly, in order to reduce damagescaused by two yuzu Phytophthora, we suggest that growers may utilize a trifoliate orange as a rootstock and‘Namhae No. 1’ as a scion for fruit production.

질소관비 수준이 래빗아이 블루베리 '브라이트웰'의 생장과 양분흡수에 미치는 영향

곽용범,채원병,이목희,정해원,이한철,김진국,김홍림,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Chae, Won-Byoung,Lee, Mock-hee,Jeong, Hae-Won,Rhee, Han-Cheol,Kim, Jin-Gook,Kim, Hong-Lim 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

래빗아이 블루베리는 근모가 없는 섬유질 뿌리와 천근적 분포로 인하여 양분 이용효율이 낮다. 따라서 본 연구는 래빗 아이 블루베리의 생육과 과실특성에 미치는 질소 관비효과를 조사하여 효율성 높은 양분관리 기준을 마련하고자 수행하였다. 시험에 사용된 Brightwell(Vaccinium ashei Reade)품종의 관비처리는 재식 년차별 시비기준 (재식 1-2-3년 : 6-9-14 g/bush)으로 무 질소구와 기준 시비량의 50, 100 그리고 200%로 구분하여 처리하였다. 엽중 질소함량은 과중과 수확량에 유의성 있는 정의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 그러나 수관면적, 건물중, 당 그리고 안토시아닌 등은 유의성 있는 상관관계를 나타내지 않았다. 재식 3년차 블루베리의 엽과 줄기 건물중은 각각 723.7 g, 890.7 g/bush을 나타낸 50% 관비처리가 가장 높았다. 재식 3년차 과실수확량은 50%관비구에서 가장 높은 12.9 kg/bush으로 무비구 대비 약 70%의 증가량을 나타냈으며, 100%와 200% 관비구에서는 50% 관비구와 비교하여 각각 17와 12%가 감소한 11와 11.5 kg/bush의 수확량을 나타냈다. 질소 시비에 따른 이용율은 50% 관비구가 90%로 가장 높았으며, 200% 관비구가 가장 낮은 18%를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구는 기준 시비량의 50%를 관비하는 것이 'Brightwell'의 생육과 질소의 시비효율에 가장 효과적이었다는 결과를 제시하였다. BACKGROUND: Rabbiteye blueberry(Vaccinium ashei Reade) has low nutrient uptake efficiency due to its shallow and fibrous root system without root hairs. This study was carried out to establish an efficient nutrient application standard by investigating the effect of nitrogen fertigation on the growth and fruit characteristics of rabbiteye blueberry. METHODS AND RESULTS: 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry was treated with 0, 50, 100 and 200% nitrogen fertigation of recommended fertilizer application (6, 9 and 14 g/bush in the first, second and third years, respectively). The results showed that leaf nitrogen content significantly correlated with the fruit weight and fruit yield. However, canopy area, dry weight, sugar and anthocyanin contents did not correlate significantly with the leaf nitrogen content. The leaf and stem dry weights of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry during the third year of planting were the highest with 50% nitrogen fertigation (leaf dry weight=723.7 g/bush; stem dry weight=890.7 g/bush). Maximum fruit yield of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry (12.9 kg/bush) was observed during the third year of planting with 50% nitrogen fertigation and this was about 70% greater than the treatment that received no nitrogen fertigation. The fruit yields of 'Brightwell' rabbiteye blueberry during the third year of planting treated with 100 and 200% nitrogen fertigation were 11.0 and 11.5 kg/bush, and these were 17 and 12%lower than the 50% nitrogen fertigation treatment, respectively. Further, the efficiency of nitrogen utilization was the highest (90%) with 50% nitrogen fertigation and lowest (18%) with 200% nitrogen fertigation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggests that fertigation with 50% of the recommended fertilizer could be most effective for enhancing the growth and nitrogen use efficiency of rabbiteye blueberry.

A New Hairless Baby Kiwifruit ‘Bangwoori’

곽용범,백봉렬,정경호,황정환 Korean Society For Horticultural Science 2008 원예과학기술지 Vol.26 No.suppl2

<P>비타민 C가 풍부한 참다래는 세계적으로 ‘헤이워드’라는 단일 품종이 거의 대부분 재배되고 있어 재배 농가와 소비자의 선택의 폭이 매우 좁다. 농촌진흥청 남해출장소에서는 기존의 우점 품종인 ‘헤이워드’를 대체하고 다양한 새로운 형질을 지닌 시장성이 있는 품종을 육성하기 위해 1984년부터 육종 프로그램을 운영해 오고 있다. 1989년 국내에서 수집된 자생 다래에 ‘토무리’를 교배하여 나온 실생 중에 특성이 우수한 계통을 2000년에 1차 선발하였으며, 2001~2005년까지 특성 검정을 통해 2006년에 최종 선발하였다. 과육은 녹색이며, 과실의 껍질에는 털이 없다. 과중은 평균 21g 정도이며, 평균 당도는 14.5°Brix이다. 수확기는 10월 상･중순이며, 과피 색은 과실 생장 초기에는 녹색이나 수확기에 이르러 녹색바탕에 부분적으로 갈색을 띤다. 생육 후반기에 그늘짐에 의한 낙엽이 발생할 수 있으므로 수관 하부가 지나치게 그늘지지 않도록 유의해야 한다.</P>

단감 '부유' 과실의 저장특성에 미치는 수확기 동상해 및 과수원 온도조건의 영향

곽용범,김승희,안광환,이창훈,강성구,Kwack, Y.B.,Kim, S.H.,Ahn, K.H.,Lee, C.H.,Kang, S.K. 국립한국농수산대학교 교육개발센터 2021 현장농업연구지 = Journal of practical agricultural resear Vol.23 No.1

단감 '부유'의 가을 동상해 발생과 과실생장에 미치는 식재위치의 표고와 농장의 온도환경의 영향과, 서리가 발생한 과수원의 과실 저장 특성을 알아보고자 경남 창원(과원 A)과 창녕(과원 B)의 경사지 과원에서 표고별(상, 중, 하)로 과실특성을 조사하고 서리가 발생한 후 수확한 과실을 MA저장 후 저장특성(품질, 저온장해)을 조사하였다. 수확기 전후(10월25일, 11월5일, 11월20일)에 조사된 두 과원의 과실의 생장 특성(과중, 당도, 경도)은 표고와 농장 요인의 유의미한 영향을 받지 않았다. 과실 착색은 표고 요인의 영향을 받았으며, 과실의 착색(hunter 'a')은 B 과원보다 A 과원에서 더 빨리 진행되었다. 수확기에 발생한 저온으로 인하여 과원 B의 하부에서만 약 2%의 과실에서 동상해 피해가 관찰되었다. 두 과원(A, B)에서 11월 5일과 11월 20일에 수확한 과실을 저밀도 폴리에틸렌 필름을 사용하여 MA저장 한 결과, 저온지 과원(B)보다 고온지 과원(A)의 과실 경도가 높게 유지되었다. 그리고 11월 5일에 수확한 과실은 약 80일 저장 후에도 건전과율이 과원 A에서 약 73%, 과원 B에서 약 85%로 높게 유지되었으나, 11월 20일(서리 발생 후) 수확한 과실은 A 과원의 과실은 약 80일 저장 후에도 76%의 높은 건전과율을 유지하였으나 B 과원의 과실 건전과율은 약 14%에 불과했다. We analyzed the effect of planting site (elevation: high, middle, low) and temperature condition of orchard on the frost injury occurrence and storage characteristics of persimmon (Diospyros kaki cv. 'Fuyu) fruits under an early fall frost at two orchards, Changwon (A) and Changnyeong (B), Gyeongsangnam-do Korea. Also, the fruits picked at Nov. 5 and Nov. 20 were MA stored to investigate the quality and chilling injury of fruits. On 2-way factor analysis, both planting elevation and orchard factor had not a significant effect on fruit characteristics (weight, firmness, soluble solid), while planting elevation factor did on the skin color (hunter 'a')(p<0.05). A fruit skin coloration at orchard A was faster than that at orchard B. At low elevation of orchard B, 2% fruits were frost injured at harvest season. On LDPE film MA storage with the fruits harvested at Nov. 5 and Nov. 20, the fruits at orchard A had higher fruit firmness than those of orchard B during storage. In addition, the 73% (orchard A) and 85%(orchard B) fruits harvested at Nov. 5 showed no chilling injury 80 days after storage. However, At harvest of Nov, 20 (after incidence of frost), only the 14% fruits of orchard B had no the chilling disorder 80 days after storage, even though 76% fruits at orchard A did.

감미가 우수한 녹색과육 키위 ‘감록’

곽용범,이목희,김홍림,김승희,강성구 한국국제농업개발학회 2022 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.34 No.1

The annual consumption of kiwifruit in Korea is about 50,000 tons, and the gold-fleshed cultivar has increased to about 30% among cultivated ones, but the green-fleshed kiwifruit is still the most at about 60%. The green-fleshed kiwifruit, which was introduced in the late 1970s, is relatively sour and tasteless for consumers compared to the gold-fleshed one. This acts as an obstacle to the increase in domestic kiwifruit consumption. Therefore, to promote kiwifruit consumption by breeding green-fleshed kiwifruits that are not sour and are delicious. ‘Garmrok’, bred in 2013, is a green-fleshed variety that was officially registered as No. 6038 according to the Plant Variety Protection Act by the Commissioner of the Korea Seed and Variety Service in 2016, and it is being distributed through contracts with the Rural Development Administration (RDA). Field crossing was conducted in 2003 at the Namhae branch of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, and the maternal parent was germplasm collection IT233199 (Actinidia deliciosa) introduced in China, and the paternal parent was germplasm collection IT233198 (A. deliciosa) also introduced in China. The 2003-3-152 line with high soluble solid content (SSC) and good taste was first selected in 2009, and it was finally selected in 2013 by a detailed characteristic observation and evaluation through trunk-graft proliferation. It is a variety with less sour taste and higher sweetness compared to the existing dominant green-fleshed cultivar ‘Hayward’. It weighs 80 to 120 g, has a SSC of 14 to 18 °Brix, and has a low acid content of 0.3 to 0.7%. The full blooming is May 15-20, and the harvest season is 160-170 days after anthesis, which is expected to relieve the risk of frost damage during the harvest season.

'Skinny Green', a Novel Hairless Green-fleshed Baby Kiwifruit

곽용범,최학순,채원병,정명일,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Choi, Hak-Soon,Chae, Won-Byoung,Jeong, Myeong-Il Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2010 원예과학기술지 Vol.28 No.4

'스키니그린'은 농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서 육성된 세번째 털 없는 미니 참다래 품종이다. 교배모본은 한국에서 수집된 야생 다래($Actinidia$ $arguta$)와 수품종 토무리($A.$ $deliciosa$) 사이의 교잡에서 선발된 중간계통인 KN8903이며, 부본은 한국의 산에서 수집된 야생 다래($A.$ $arguta$)이다. 이 품종의 주요 특징은 과중이 19.3g으로 한 입에 먹을 수 있는 과실크기와 과피에 털이 없고 얇아 껍질째 먹을 수 있다는 것이다. 과육의 색은 녹색이며, 당도와 산함량은 각각 $16.7^{\circ}Brix$와 0.91%이다. 수확은 주로 10월 중순에 이루어지며, 자가결실성이 없는 품종으로 정상적인 착과를 위해서는 인공수분이 필요하다. 또한 풍산성으로 적절한 적과 작업이 필요하다. 'Skinny Green' is the third hairless-variety release by National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS) of Rural Development Administration (RDA) in Korea. It was bred by field crossing using the KN8903 as the mother plant, which had been selected from the crossbreeding of a Korean wild germplasm of tara vine with a male $Actinidia$ $deliciosa$ cv. Tomuri, and tara vine as the father plant collected from Korean mountains. The principal features of the final release are firstly, the fruit size not bigger than a mouthful bite with the average fruit weight not more than 19.3 g, and secondly, the thin and hairless edible fruit skin. It has green flesh color maintaining soluble solids and acid contents about $16.7^{\circ}Brix$ and 0.91% respectively. Its harvest season is usually in mid October. As it is not self-fertile it needs artificial pollination. Its tendency to produce maximum numbers of fruit requires thinning out of the fruits in a proper way.

파풍망 종류에 따른 키위의 발아, 개화 및 과실 특성

곽용범,김홍림,이목희,이한철,곽연식,이용복,Kwack, Yong-Bum,Kim, Hong Lim,Lee, Mockhee,Rhee, Han-Cheol,Kwak, Youn-Sig,Lee, Yong Bok 한국환경농학회 2017 한국환경농학회지 Vol.36 No.3

태풍에 의한 조기낙엽과 같은 바람피해 예방을 위해 키위재배에서 이용되고 있는 파풍망의 종류에 따른 과수원 내 미세기상의 차이 및 과실품질과 이듬해 발아, 개화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 국내 키위재배에서 바람피해 예방을 위해 사용되고 있는 5종류의 파풍 소재를 4.3 m 높이의 철재 하우스 골조의 지붕에 피복하였다. 파풍망 종류에 따른 과원 내 광합성유효광선(PAR) 투과량, 연평균기온 등의 미세기상과 저온요구도 충족여부 및 과실특성을 조사, 비교하였다. 모든 처리에서 4~10월 생육기에 연평균 $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$이상의 PAR투과율을 나타내 키위의 최대순동화율에 필요한 광량이 부족하지 않았다. 연평균 기온은 PE필름에서 파풍망에 비해 $1{\sim}2^{\circ}C$높았다. 3가지 모델에 의해 산출된 저온요구도(CU)는 파풍망 종류에 관계없이 1400 CU 이상으로 키위의 발아, 개화에 필요한 저온요구도를 충족하였다. 결과모지 눈의 발아율은 차이가 없었으며, 과중은 PE필름과 백색망 4 mm 피복처리에서 다른 파풍망보다 증가했다. 결론적으로 PAR 투과, 연평균 기온, 과중 등을 종합적으로 고려하면 PE필름과 백색 4 mm 파풍망이 키위 생산에 가장 효과적인 것으로 판단된다. BACKGROUND:Kiwifruit growers build their vineyards using many windbreaks to protect their kiwifruit vines from defoliation injury by strong winds such as typhoon. In this study, we have compared fruit quality, budbreak rate and floral bud as affected by windbreaks. And also we surveyed several microclimate indices of kiwifruit orchard depending on the covering materials of arch-type windbreaks. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five different windbreak materials including polyethylene film (PE), blue- and white-colored nets were tested in pipe-framed archtype kiwifruit vineyards as the covering materials. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), annual mean temperature (AMT) and chill unit (CU) as well as fruit quality were compared among the covering materials. In all treatments, annual PAR was more than $400{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, in which kiwifruit leaf could reach its maximum photosynthesis, since the leaves were emerged. Annual mean temperature was greater in 0.1 mm-PE covering as much as $1-2^{\circ}C$ than other windbreaks. In CU calculated by three different models, all windbreaks showed more than 1400 CU that is fully fulfilled CU for kiwifruit rest completion. There were no difference in budbreak rate among the covering materials. Fruit weight was heavier in 0.1 mm-PE and white-net (4 mm) than other windbreaks. CONCLUSION: Regardless of the windbreak materials, the PAR quantity was enough for kiwifruit photosynthesis. And CU for kiwifruit rest completion was fully achieved in all treatments. However, with respect to fruit weight, quantity of PAR, and AMT, etc., It is highly recommended for kiwifruit growers to choose 0.1 mm-PE and white-net (4 mm) as for their windbreaks materials.

참다래 주요 신품종의 발아, 개화 특성

곽용범(Yong-Bum Kwack),김홍림(Hong-Lim Kim),이목희(Mockhee Lee),채원병(Won Byoung Chae) 한국원예학회 2016 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2016 No.10

조기낙엽이 참다래 ``헤이워드`` 과실 바람들이와 품질에 미치는 영향

곽용범 ( Yong Bum Kwack ),김홍림 ( Hong Lim Kim ),최영하 ( Young Hah Choi ),이재한 ( Jae Han Lee ),김진국 ( Jin Gook Kim ),이용복 ( Yong Bok Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.3

BACKGROUND: The fruit quality and flowering characteristics of Kiwifruit (A. deliciosa cv. Hayward) in the following year is known to be affected by the extent and timing of defoliation of the current year. In korea, the production of kiwi, which is a perennial, straggling deciduous warm-temperate fruit, is often restricted by wind damage due to typhoons resulting to defoliation at the middle season of its growing period. In this paper, we report the effect of the different timing of defoliation and severities at the current season to the kiwifruit quality. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty seven-year-old ``Hayward`` trees grown under polyethylene film rain-shelter were defoliated in different days from August to September at seven day-intervals. In each day, 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of leaves were removed from the trees. Fruits from each treatment were classified into four floating types (L: lying in bottom, S: standing on bottom, F: floating and SF: floating at the surface of water) by submerging them into tap water. Defoliation of kiwifruit trees in August and September caused air holes in locules of inner pericarp. Increased number of air hole in locules of a fruit was observed in floating types F and SF, and most of the air holes were located in stem end. The defoliation of trees in August significantly reduced the ratio of L-floating type fruits, which have the least number of locule air holes. The extent of defoliation also affected the distribution of the four types, the more leaves removed, the less L-floating type fruits harvested. The weight of fruits from trees defoliated in August was lower than that of fruits from September. Soluble solids content decreased as the number of locule air holes increased. Negative correlations were observed between the extent of defoliation and the weight and soluble solids content of fruits. CONCLUSION: Early defoliation effect on kiwifruit locule air hole occurrence and fruit quality were more severe in August than in September. And also if the defoliation severity is over 25%, severe fruit quality reduction expected to happen due to increase of fruit locule air hole in the inner pericarp.